BELL WORK 12/1On the sheet you just picked up,

define the word Loyal in your own words and describe a situation either from your own experience of from a news report in which someone’s loyalty was very important.

What would we do if the government broke down?

(Also be sure you have picked up the semester overview)

Devolution –Movement of power from the central government to regional governments within the state.

What causes devolutionary movements?

Ethnic or cultural differencesReligious differencesLinguistic diversityEconomic disparityMovement or circulationPhysical geographical differences

MIDDLE AGESTIME BETWEEN THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE & THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT

500-1500 C.E

CHARLEMAGNE (CHARLES THE GREAT)

united Europe 771 CE

• -created greatest empire since Ancient Rome

• -Frank (German) King, 6’4

• -Spread Christianity• -Pope crowned him Emperor

which revived the idea of united Christian Empire.

• Created Holy Roman Empire• 1st Reich

• Died in 814

Feudalism- (Fyoo-duh-lih-zuhm) A system of PROTECTION in the Middle Ages.

Vassal- An agreement between lords & knights that stated that they would protect the land. Knights were called their lords “vassals”.

Fief- a section of land given to a lord or knight for their service

Key words Essential to Feudalism

HOW DID FEUDALISM ESTABLISH ORDER IN EUROPE?PEOPLE WERE BOUND TO ONE ANOTHER BY PROMISES OF LOYALTY AND RESPONSIBILITY (1000 C.E.)

• WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR BROUGHT FEUDALISM TO ENGLAND IN 1066

MONARCH- RULER OF ALL LANDS

LORD - NOBLES BY BIRTH

KNIGHT- ARMORED SOLDIERS

PEASANTS - POOR FARMERS PAID RENT TO A LORD

• SERFS- UNFREE PEASANTS THAT WERE “TIED” TO LAND, COULDN’T LEAVE. NO CHOICE BUT TO WORK LAND

FEUDAL HIERARCHYIdentify each group in the hierarchy

WHAT WAS A MANOR AND WHY WAS IT IMPORTANT?THE MANOR WAS THE HEART OF FEUDALISM

MANORS WERE SELF-SUFFICIENT : THEY GREW AND BUILT EVERYTHING THAT THEY NEEDED THEMSELVES

ALL PEOPLE WHO LIVED ON THE MANOR HAD A ROLE WITH DIFFERENT RESPONSIBILITIES.

2.4 MONARCHS DURING FEUDAL TIMES

MANY MONARCHS RELIED ON THEIR LORDS (VASSALS) TO PROVIDE KNIGHTS AND SOLDIERS AND MAINTAIN CONTROL OF KINGDOM

MOSTLY SYMBOLIC RULERS WITH LITTLE REAL POWER, BUT BELIEVED GOD GAVE THEM POWER TO RULE

• DIVINE RIGHT OF KINGS

2.5 LORDS AND LADIESNOBLES; MOST LIVED ON MANORS IN MANOR HOUSES OR CASTLES

PROVIDED PROTECTION AND WERE STATUS SYMBOLS

LORDS: MANAGE AND PROTECT FIEF, SERVED AS JUDGES

LADIES: CARED FOR CHILDREN AND OVERSAW HOUSEHOLDS

2.6 KNIGHTS, NOT NIGHTS

VASSALS OF MORE POWERFUL LORDS

EXCHANGED PROTECTION FOR LAND or Feifs

LOYAL TO CHURCH AND LORD

PAGE--> SQUIRE--> KNIGHT

CODE OF CHIVALRY

SET OF RULES OF BEHAVIOR, RESPECT, AND HONOR

2.7 PEASANTSFREE PEASANTS RENTED LAND TO FARM AND OWED ONLY THEIR RENT TO THE LORD.

UNFREE PEASANTS “SERFS” FARMED THE LORDS FIELDS AND COULD NOT LEAVE THE LAND

• RECEIVED A SMALL PLOT OF LAND TO FARM FOR THEIR OWN

• LORDS COULD DEMAND TALLAGE, MERCHET, AND “HEAD MONEY”

CONSTANTINOPLE

FEUDALISM

BYZANTIUM