Bell Ringer#1 When and where did the Industrial Revolution begin? Use Chapter 19 Section 1!
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Transcript of Bell Ringer#1 When and where did the Industrial Revolution begin? Use Chapter 19 Section 1!
Bell Ringer #1
When and where did the Industrial Revolution begin?
Use Chapter 19 Section 1!
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Chapter 19 Section 1
Great Britain 1780s
Started Industrial Revolution
5 Reasons to why it started in Great Britain
G.B. Contributing Factors
1. Better farming practices
More food (potatoes) Money for manufactured
goods2. Population growth
Large labor force3. Ready supply of
capital Capital- $ to invest in
machines & factories Entrepreneurs- person
interested in finding new business opportunities
G.B. Contributing Factors Con’t
4. Natural resources Rivers- Water Power
& Transportation Coal & iron ore-
Manufacturing 5. Huge colonial empire
Markets- places to sell goods
18th – 19th c. Changes in Cotton
Cottage industry- spinning and weaving in own home New inventions brought
workers to factories; flying shuttle
1782- James Watt improved the steam engine so it could drive machinery
Import of Cotton 1760- 2.5 mil lbs 1787- 22 mil lbs 1840- 366 mil lbs
18th – 19th c. Coal and Iron
Steam engine ran on coal ↑ (increased) coal
productionPuddling- process of
burning away impurities in crude iron Better quality of iron
Iron production 1740- 17,000 tons 1780- 70,000 tons 1852- 3 mil tons
19th c. Railroads
1804- 1st steam-powered1830- The Rocket- first
public train Liverpool to
ManchesterRailroad Track-
1840- 2,000 miles 1850- 6,000 miles
New jobs, cheap transportation
Factories
New labor system Shift work
Behavioral expectations On time Fired for being drunk Child workers beaten
Bell Ringer #2
Who was Karl Marx?
Use Chapter 19 Section 1!
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Chapter 19 Section 1 Cont.
The Spread of Industrialization
Mid 19th c. Britain was the 1st
and richest industrial nation
EuropeBelgium, France, and
GermanyGovernment paid for
infrastructure
Spread of Industrialization Cont.
United StatesFarmers
1800- 6/7 of laborers 1860- ½ of laborers
Increase in population
Transportation Railroads Steamboat (1807)
Factory workers = women/girls/
The Clermont1st Steamboat
Social Impact in Europe
I.R. drastically changed the social life of Europe
Growth of citiesEmergence of two new
social classes Industrial Middle Class Industrial Working Class
Growth of Population and Cities
European Population 1750- 140 mil 1850-266 mil More food
European Cities Home to industries 50% of G.B. population
lived in cities (1850) Terrible living
conditions
The Industrial Middle Class
Industrial Capitalism- economic system based on industrial production Produced the
industrial middle class Built factories, bought
machines, understood markets
The Industrial Working Class
Terrible working conditions
12-16 hr work days6 days a weekNo employment
securityNo minimum wageWomen and Children
2/3rd of laborers Factory Act of 1833
Minimum age of 9
Early Socialism
Socialism- government owns and controls some means of production Factories
Wanted to replace competition with cooperation
Karl Marx
Bell Ringer #3
What is Liberalism?
Use Chapter 19 Section 2!
REACTION AND REVOLUTION
Chapter 19 Section 2
The Conservative Order
Conservatism- Political philosophy
based on tradition and social stability
Viewed religion as important
Hated revolution
The Conservative Order
Consort of Europe G.B., Russia, Prussia, Austria, and France Agreed to future meetings to maintain peace
Principle of Intervention Countries could intervene when revolutions
threatened monarchies An alliance between monarchies
Forces of Change
Liberalism- Political philosophy based
on Enlightenment principles
People should be as free from government restraint as possible
Civil rights should be guaranteed Freedom of assembly,
speech, and press Based on US Bill of Rights
Religious toleration and separation of church and state
Forces of Change
Nationalism- Common institutions,
language, traditions, customs
Each nationality should have its own government
Liberals supported the nationalists
Primary Ideologies- Use Notes and Book
Conservatism
NationalismLiberalism
Bell Ringer #4
What is militarism?
Use Chapter 19 Section 3!
NATIONALISM
Chapter 19 Section 3
Breakdown of Concert of Europe
Austria and Russia Enemies Both wanted Balkans
Russia withdrew from European affairs Austria had no friendsOpened door to Italian and German
unification
Nationalism in Italy
Italian Peninsula was controlled by Austria
Italy allied with France to provoke a fight with Austria
Giuseppe Garibaldi- Italian patriot “Red Shirts” Took over Peninsula
Unified Italy
Nationalism in Germany
Aided by Prussia’s Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck Realpolitik- politics of
reality (not theory or ethics) Militarism- reliance on
military strengthPrussia and German states
became allies Defeated the French in 1870
in the Franco Prussian War Germany Confederation
became the most powerful in Europe
Nationalism in Great Britain
1832- More male voters
Industrial Middle Class Continuous economic
growthQueen Victoria, 1837-
1901 Longest in English
history Victorian Age
Nationalism in France
Louis-Napoleon, 1848 Nephew of Napoleon
Bonaparte Restore empire
Voted on by people of France 97% yes Dec. 2, 1852-70
Emperor Napoleon IIIAuthoritarianEnded after Prussian
defeat
Bell Ringer #5
Which four other nations (besides Italy, Germany, France, and Great Britain) experienced a surge of nationalism during the mid- to late-1800s?
Use Chapter 19 Section 3!
Nationalism in the Austrian Empire
Multinational Many nations within the
empireDefeated by Prussia,
1866Compromise of 1867-
Dual Monarchy Austria-Hungary Separate constitutions,
legislatures, government, and capitals Vienna, Austria Budapest, Hungary
Nationalism in Russia
Early 19th c- Rural Little impact from the
Industrial RevolutionCzar Alexander IIEmancipation- freed
serfs, 1861Conservatives wanted
less reform while Liberals wanted more reform Caused conflict Resulted in nothing
getting accomplished
Nationalism in the United States
Divided on the issue of slavery Banned import of slaves in 1808 1800- 1 million slaves 1860- 4 million slaves
South depended on slave labor for cottonNorth called for Abolition (end slavery)1860- South secedes (formal withdrawal from a nation)American Civil War (1861-1865)
Emancipation Proclamation- freed slaves in Confederate territory
13th Amendment- abolished slavery in all of USConfederacy lost and rejoined the Union
Europe 1815
Europe 1850
Europe 1871
Europe 1913
Bell Ringer #6
What did Thomas Alva Edison invent?
What did Alexander Graham Bell invent?
Use Chapter 20 Section 1!
THE GROWTH OF INDUSTRIAL PROSPERITY
&THE EMERGENCE OF MASS SOCIETY
Chapter 20 Sections 1-2
2nd Industrial Revolution
Steel- Bessemer Process-
technique used to turn iron into steel Mass production of
steelElectricity-
Thomas Edison- perfected the incandescent light bulb Established power
plants to generate electricity
2nd Industrial Revolution
Steel- Andrew Carnegie- Carnegie
Steel Company Created a monopoly (no
competition) on steel in the US
Vertical Integration- owning supply, manufacturing, and distribution companies
Horizontal Integration- buying competing companies
Social Darwinism- strongest businesses survive
2nd Industrial Revolution
Electricity- Made industry grow
Shift work (1st, 2nd, 3rd) Led to the invention of
appliances Toaster, washer, razor, etc
Made travel cheaper Street cars, subways, etc
Alexander G. Bell- invented the telephone
Transcontinental Railroad- connected eastern US to western US
Changes in Travel
Street Cars San Francisco 1873
Bridges Brooklyn Bridge 1883
Subways New York City 1897
Airplane Orville and Wilbur Wright 1st flight at Kitty Hawk, NC 1903, 120 ft, 12 sec.
Education and Women
State funded schools Increase in literacy
Women’s Rights Movement Suffrage (right to vote) Feminism- movement for
women’s rights More job opportunities
Clerks, secretaries Fewer children
Spread of Mass Culture
American Leisure Amusement parks
Roller coaster and Ferris wheel
Bicycling, tennis Theater Boxing, baseball Snack foods- Hershey
Bar and Coca Cola
Trade (Labor) Unions
Trade (Labor) Unions- Organized workers in the
same type of industry Steel, coal, textile, etc.
Worked together to improve conditions of laborers Safety, hours, pay, etc.
Strike- form of protest to promote union goals Employees did not work
unless the employers met their demands