Bell Ringer

Influence - having an effect or impact on the

actions, behavior, and/or opinions

of another or others.

Pick up an Influence from the Enlightenment: John Locke paper and a pencil.

Write your first and last name, today’s date, and the period you have civics in the upper-right hand corner. Flip to the blank back side.

Read this definition for influence. In a complete sentence, explain this term in your own words.

The Influence of the Enlightenment

- by the end of this lesson:

you should be able to define influence

you should be able to recognize the influence of John Locke on the United States

you should be able to recognize the influence of Baron de Montesquieu on the United States

Influence TodayAre there people in your life that influence your appearance, actions, or words?

Have you seen celebrities or friends wear something you like and in response, you wear the same thing?

Have you seen friends do something, so you decided to do it too, just to fit in?

Have you caught yourself repeating something you heard from your parents or from your friends?

Writer & philosophers of the 18th century

were the celebrities that everyone looked

to for interesting ways to see the world.

Introducing John Locke and Baron de Montesquieu.

Influence in the 18th Century (1700’s)Influence does more than shape who you are and how you act.

Influence had a significant impact on how the United States government was formed.

(you may copy this onto the back of your paper, or you can just memorize it)

The age of the Enlightenment occurred during the 18th century in Europe. The Enlightenment focused on the ideas of reason, liberty, and individual rights. The Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution were influenced by great thinkers of this time.

Enlightenment Notes

Everyone wanted to hear from the great thinkers of the Enlightenment.

Philosophers John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Baron de Montesquieu, and Thomas Hobbes were the great thinkers of the Enlightenment.

Why Government? (John Locke)I will pass out a reading page at this time.

Please follow along as I read it aloud. We will pause to fill in information on our “Influence from the Enlightenment: John Locke” paper.

Don’t say it! Just put your finger on the answer.According to the text, whom did John Locke influence?

Why Government? (John Locke)Look at the vocabulary graphic organizer on your paper.

Something you can put your finger onSomething you draw

Something from your brain•Read the rest of the paper by yourself and complete this

vocabulary.

Natural RightsEvidence from the Text

Locke imagined a set of natural rights that human beings share. These are the right to life, liberty, and property. … Locke believed these rights aren’t given to people—people are born with them

Locke believed that these rights should be protected by society and government through the idea of natural law (laws passed by government to protect natural rights).

Natural Rights: Liberty

Why do you think liberty is a natural right?

What does it mean as an individual to have liberty?

Individual liberty is a natural right because it is natural for people to be free from government abuse of power

Social ContractEvidence from the text

A government can only be legitimate if it is based on a social contract with citizens. A social contract happens between a government and its citizens.

Social ContractAccording to the reading, how are the concepts of social contract and the purpose of government related?

What evidence in the text led you to your answer?

Locke also believed that governments should protect people’s natural rights.

The people agree to give up some freedoms, but only if the government agrees to protect everyone’s rights.

If the government fails to deliver, the people have the right to revolt.

Consent of the GovernedIn a social contract, you give up some of your freedoms in exchange for the government protecting your natural rights to life, liberty, and property.

This is known as consent of the governed.

Declaration of IndependenceThomas Jefferson wrote* the Declaration of Independence.

In his words, you can see the strong influence of John Locke.

On the next few slides, we will compare excerpts from the Declaration of Independence to John Locke’s original ideas.

Excerpts from the DeclarationWe hold these truths to be self-

evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.

What Jefferson wrote

What Locke wrote

We are born with the right to life, liberty, and property.

Excerpts from the DeclarationGovernments are instituted among

Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.

What Jefferson wrote

What Locke wrote

People agree to give up some freedoms; in exchange, the

government protects our rights.

Excerpts from the Declaration…whenever any Form of Government

becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it…

What Jefferson wrote

What Locke wrote

If the government fails to protect our rights, we have the

right to revolt.

Excerpts from the DeclarationA Prince whose character is thus

marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people.

What Jefferson wrote

What Locke wrote

If a ruler breaks the social contract, they aren’t good

enough to be a ruler anymore.

Written ResponseAnswer on the back of your paper in at least one complete sentence.

How did the ideas of John Locke influence Thomas Jefferson as he wrote the Declaration of Independence?

Bell Ringer

(The question at the top of the page)

According to the text, what document did Montesquieu influence?

Pick up an Influence from the Enlightenment: Baron de Montesquieu paper and a pencil.

Write your first and last name, today’s date, and the period you have civics in the upper-right hand corner.

Read the question at the top of the page. Write an educated guess based on yesterday’s classroom discussion. Put a big question mark next to it to remind us that it is just a guess.

Baron de Montesquieu ReadingI will pass out a reading page at this time.

Please follow along as I read it aloud. We will pause to fill in information on our “Influence from the Enlightenment: Baron de Montesquieu” paper.

Check your answer from before. According to the text, what document did Montesquieu influence?

Why Government? (Baron de Montesquieu)Look at the vocabulary graphic organizer on your

paper.

Something you can put your finger onSomething you draw

Something from your brain•Read the rest of the paper by yourself and complete this

worksheet.

Liberty and GovernmentHow does Montesquieu define liberty? Point to it.

What is the relationship between liberty and government?

According to Montesquieu, liberty is the feeling of safety. This feeling of safety comes when government provides and enforces clear laws that everyone can follow.

Separation of PowersThe English government had three parts: a king to enforce laws, Parliament to create laws, and courts to interpret laws. The government was divided into parts, and each part had its own purpose.

Separation of powers is when the government is divided into parts and each part has its own purpose.

Checks and BalancesEach part of the government needed to be balanced with the other parts. Montesquieu suggested that each branch have the ability to limit the power of the other two branches.

Checks and balances means that the branches of government are balanced and each branch can limit the power of the other two.

Montesquieu’s InfluenceJames Madison liked the idea that each branch of government should have a clear role. As a result, the U.S. Constitution clearly explains what each branch is supposed to do: Congress makes laws, the President enforces laws, and the Courts interpret laws. Each branch has the power to check, or limit, the other branches.

Due to Montesquieu’s influence, the U.S. Constitution has set up our government into three separate branches that have the power to check and balance each other.

Without Montesquieu’s influence, we would not have the system of government that we have today. The ideas of separation of powers and checks and balances are vital to making our country function.

02 ENL Writing PromptOn the blank page, write your first and last name, today’s date, and the

period you have civics in the upper-right corner. Title this paper “02 ENL WRITING PROMPT”.

Write a well-crafted informative response.Well-crafted means that your sentences fit together instead of jumping

around.Informative means facts should come from the documents; your

opinions are not required.Response means you answer the prompt; don’t just write what you feel

like writing.

02 ENL Writing PromptWrite a well-crafted informative response.

Well-crafted means that your sentences fit together instead of jumping around.

Informative means facts should come from the documents; your opinions are not required.

Response means you answer the prompt; don’t just write what you feel like writing.

Prompt: Using what you have learned from your readings, explain how John Locke and Baron de Montesquieu influenced the Founding Fathers. Provide a specific example for Locke and Montesquieu.

Time’s Up!Pass your

Writing Prompt paper all the way back and

all the way right.