Bell Ringer – February 22 & 23
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Transcript of Bell Ringer – February 22 & 23
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Bell Ringer – February 22 & 23
• What were the causes of WWI? • What was the spark that began the War? • Name the alliance before WWI and during
WWI for each of the following countries:– Russia – Italy– Germany– Ottoman Empire
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1914 Map1. Russia (A) [Tsar Nicholas II]
2. Ottoman Empire (C) [Enver Pasha]
3. Austria-Hungary (C) [Franz Joseph]
4. Germany (C) [Wilhelm II]
5. France (A) [Poincare]
6. Great Britain (A) [George V]
7. Serbia
8. Sarajevo, Bosnia (Franz Ferdinand was assassinated)
9. Western Front--trench lines
A = Allies C = Central Powers
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Complete the Loser of the Day Puzzle!
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WWI Warfare
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Today’s Objectives• Explain the Schlieffen Plan and its significance.• Describe the type of warfare during WWI and how
it created a stalemate.• Describe Trench Warfare and make a judgment
about the glorification of war.• Identify weapons used in WWI.• Locate the Eastern and Western Fronts.• Define propaganda, identify its uses, and analyze
examples.
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Global War - 1914• It was observed that the average
Englishman positively wanted war.• A French writer said, “this is fine
and just and great.”France began mobilizing against Germany on August 1,1914. Three days later, Germany declared war on France. Here, Parisians cheer French lancers off to fight the Germans.
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Schlieffen Plan(schlee-fuhn)
• Germany’s War Plan from 1905
• Called for…– Swift knock out of
France– Followed by a
defensive action against Russia
• Based on the threat of a Britain-France Alliance
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German Atrocities in BelgiumGerman Atrocities in Belgium
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Nations Take Sides
Central PowersGermanyAustria-HungaryOttoman Empire BulgariaBulgaria
Allied Powers Great Britain France Russia Italy United StatesUnited States
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MobilizationMobilization
“It's a long way to Tipperary,It's a long way to go.
It's a long way to TipperaryTo the sweetest girl I know!
Goodbye Piccadilly,Farewell Leicester Square!
It's a long long way to Tipperary,But my heart's right there.”
First World War.com - Vintage Audio - It's a Long Way to Tipperary
Home by Christmas!
No major war in 50 years!
Nationalism!
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Recruitment PostersRecruitment Posters
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A Young Australian RecruitA Young Australian Recruit
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New French RecruitsNew French Recruits
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A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier
A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier
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Soldiers Mobilized
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
France Germany Russia Britain
Mil
lio
ns
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New Weapons Used in the New Weapons Used in the WarWar
Machine Gun• British machine
guns fired 8 rounds per second, at a distance of 2,900 yards
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ArtilleryArtillery
Bullets (shells) had great power and carried much further.
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Weapons of the Industrial Weapons of the Industrial AgeAge
• 75 different types of poison-gas bombs used
• Flame throwers
• Tanks
• Airplanes
• Submarines
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Casualties of Modern Casualties of Modern WeaponryWeaponry
• Tactics of sending masses of men toward enemy didn’t work against modern weapons.
• Britain suffered 57,470 casualties on the first day of the Battle of the Somme
• Total deaths in World War I - 10 million+.
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•Form of warfare that consisted of trenches, or dugouts, where troops were sheltered from enemy fire.
• Troops occupied fighting lines called “front lines”.
•The land between the two fighting lines was called “No Man’s Land”.
Trench WarfareTrench Warfare
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WARFARE: THEN AND NOWTHEN
Before WWI, fighting was centered on attacking fortifications (forts) or in an open field.
NOW
• Military revolution (machine gun, tanks, and hand grenades)• Network of trenches = slow wearing down of enemy• STALEMATE OF CONFLICT
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Cross Section of a Front Line TrenchCross Section of a Front Line Trench
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Fear and Anticipation
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First Bombard the Other Side
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Surviving a Gas Attack
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Daily Life
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Morale
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Trench Foot
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War of AttritionWar of Attrition• Attrition means "the act of weakening or
exhausting by constant harassment, abuse, or attack."
• A war of attrition is where both sides suffer steady, but heavy casualties, not making terrific gains in territory, but simply trying to get the enemy to surrender before their own armies are decimated by these steady losses.
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Western FrontWestern Front
• Western Front: the deadlocked area in Northern France
• Germany’s Schlieffen Plan worked until the Battle of Marne when the Germans were stopped from marching into Paris.
• Germans began to dig trenches.• Britain and France also decided to dig
trenches.
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Eastern FrontEastern Front
• Eastern Front: Line of fighting on the Eastern side of Europe between Russia and Germany
• Fighting began there when Russia invaded East Prussia.
• There was a pattern of attack and counter-attack.
• Russia withdrew from the war in 1917.
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World War I PropagandaWorld War I Propaganda
What is propaganda?
A type of biased communication
designed to influence people’s thoughts and
actions.
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What did propaganda What did propaganda represent?represent?
Governments created thousands of paintings, posters, cartoons, and sculptures to promote the war.
They represented …
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Recruitment
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Rationing
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Raising Money for the War Effort
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Patriotism
http://docsouth.unc.edu/wwi/41898/50.html
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Aid
United States Food Administration
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Dulce et Decorum est
by Wilfred Owen 1918
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Things to Do
Complete Your Notes:1. World War I Weapons Matching
2. Trench Warfare Reading
3. Reflection Questions
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Journal Entry #2
Write a journal entry based on the experiences in the trenches of the western front. Take the viewpoint of either a Central Power OR Allied soldier.
– What is your life like? – How do you keep going? – How do you feel physically and mentally?