Bell Ringer. CH 14 Sec 1 Monastic Revival and Church Reform Beginning in the 1000s, a spiritual...

Bell RingerBell Ringer

CH 14 Sec 1CH 14 Sec 1

Monastic Revival and Monastic Revival and Church ReformChurch Reform

Beginning in the 1000s, a spiritual revival Beginning in the 1000s, a spiritual revival spread across Europe, lead by the spread across Europe, lead by the monasteries.monasteries.

Reformers wanted to return to the basic Reformers wanted to return to the basic principles of the Christian religionprinciples of the Christian religion

The churches restored and expanded its The churches restored and expanded its power and authority.power and authority.

Problems with the ChurchProblems with the Church Reformers were distressed about 3 main Reformers were distressed about 3 main

problemsproblems Village priests were married and had families Village priests were married and had families

(against Church rulings)(against Church rulings) Simony-positions in the church were being sold Simony-positions in the church were being sold

by bishopsby bishops Lay investiture-kings were in control of bishopsLay investiture-kings were in control of bishops

Pope Leo IX enforced Church laws against Pope Leo IX enforced Church laws against the 3 problemsthe 3 problems

Cathedrals-Cities of GodsCathedrals-Cities of Gods New style of architectureNew style of architecture Change from Change from Romanesque style Romanesque style

(round arches heavy roof, thick walls) (round arches heavy roof, thick walls) to *to *Gothic Style Gothic Style (cathedrals with tall (cathedrals with tall steeples thrusting upward toward steeples thrusting upward toward heaven, huge stained glass windowsheaven, huge stained glass windows

*The reason for the new*The reason for the new

structure was to show thestructure was to show the

power and wealth of thepower and wealth of the

ChurchChurch

Horrible HistoriesHorrible Histories

•The Crusades

THE CRUSADES –THE CRUSADES – ““Holy WarHoly War””

1093 – BYZANTINE EMPEROR 1093 – BYZANTINE EMPEROR ASKED FOR HELP AGAINST THE ASKED FOR HELP AGAINST THE MUSLIM TURKSMUSLIM TURKS

THE CRUSADES – THE CRUSADES – ““Holy Holy WarWar”” *Pope Urban II *Pope Urban II asked people asked people to regain the to regain the Holy Land Holy Land

200 years200 years *Goal recover *Goal recover

Holy Land and Holy Land and Jerusalem from Jerusalem from Islamic rulersIslamic rulers

THE CRUSADES THE CRUSADES ““Holy WarHoly War”” REASONS REASONS

GODGOD’’S WILLS WILL KINGS GOT KINGS GOT

RID OF RID OF KNIGHTSKNIGHTS

YOUNGER YOUNGER SON COULD SON COULD GAIN LANDGAIN LAND

THE CRUSADES – THE CRUSADES – ““Holy Holy WarWar””REASONSREASONS

ASSURED A ASSURED A PLACE IN PLACE IN HEAVENHEAVEN

MERCHANTS MERCHANTS MADE MADE PROFITSPROFITS

SHIPS WERE SHIPS WERE LEASEDLEASED

THE CRUSADES – THE CRUSADES – ““Holy Holy WarWar””

11stst – 1096 – 1096 50,000-50,000-60,000 60,000 KNIGHTS KNIGHTS BECAME BECAME CRUSADERSCRUSADERS

MANY WILL MANY WILL DIEDIE

Christianity and the Christianity and the CrusadesCrusades


NOT WELL NOT WELL ORGANIZED ORGANIZED

3 ARMIES, 3 ARMIES, MOSTLY MOSTLY FRENCHFRENCH

NOT PREPARED NOT PREPARED FOR CLIMATE, FOR CLIMATE, SUPPLIES OR SUPPLIES OR GOALSGOALS


¼ OF SOLDIERS IN JULY, ¼ OF SOLDIERS IN JULY, 1099 CAPTURED THE CITY 1099 CAPTURED THE CITY OF JERUSALEMOF JERUSALEM


22NDND TURKS CAPTURED EDESSA TURKS CAPTURED EDESSA – SO CRUSADERS GO TO – SO CRUSADERS GO TO REGAIN ITREGAIN IT

IT FAILEDIT FAILED

THE CRUSADESTHE CRUSADES

33RDRD SALADIN SALADIN – MUSLIM – MUSLIM LEADER LEADER CAPTURED CAPTURED JERUSALEMJERUSALEM

3 KINGS 3 KINGS CRUSADECRUSADE


FREDERICK FREDERICK BARBAROSSA BARBAROSSA – GERMANY– GERMANY

PHILIP PHILIP AUGUSTUS AUGUSTUS

*RICHARD *RICHARD THE THE LIONHEARTEDLIONHEARTED


RICHARD AND RICHARD AND SALADIN FOUGHT SALADIN FOUGHT NUMEROUS NUMEROUS BATTLESBATTLES

BATTLE AT ACRE-BATTLE AT ACRE-3,000 MEN, 3,000 MEN, WOMEN AND WOMEN AND CHILDREN KILLED CHILDREN KILLED BY RICHARDBY RICHARD


1192 – TRUCE 1192 – TRUCE BETWEEN BETWEEN RICHARD AND RICHARD AND SALADIN- SALADIN- MUSLIM KEPT MUSLIM KEPT JERUSALEM BUT JERUSALEM BUT PILGRIMS PILGRIMS COULD VISIT COULD VISIT SAFELYSAFELY

The Crusading Spirit The Crusading Spirit Dwindles-A Spanish CrusadeDwindles-A Spanish Crusade

In Spain, Muslims had control of most In Spain, Muslims had control of most of the countryof the country

*The effort to drive the Muslims out of *The effort to drive the Muslims out of Spain in the 1100s was called the Spain in the 1100s was called the Spanish ReconquistaSpanish Reconquista

“In 1469, Isabella of Castile married Ferdinand of Aragon. This marriage between the rulers of two powerful kingdoms opened the way for a united state. Using their combined forces, the two monarchs made a final push against the Muslim stronghold of Granada. In 1492, Granada fell….”

The Crusading Spirit The Crusading Spirit Dwindles-A Spanish CrusadeDwindles-A Spanish Crusade

In Spain power was in the hands of Isabella In Spain power was in the hands of Isabella and Ferdinandand Ferdinand

They wanted to unite their country under They wanted to unite their country under ChristianityChristianity

*They used the *They used the InquisitionInquisition, a tribunal held , a tribunal held by the church to suppress heresy (people by the church to suppress heresy (people whose religious beliefs were different from whose religious beliefs were different from the church)the church)

Effects of the CrusadsEffects of the Crusads

Power of the Pope declinesPower of the Pope declines Feudal nobility weakenedFeudal nobility weakened Increased trade between Europe and Asia Increased trade between Europe and Asia (Significant (Significant

effect)effect) *Legacy of bitterness, tension and hate between the *Legacy of bitterness, tension and hate between the

Muslims and the ChristiansMuslims and the Christians (Long term effect/result) (Long term effect/result) *Cultural diffusion throughout Western Europe *Cultural diffusion throughout Western Europe (Important (Important

effect)effect) *Contact with Muslim and Byzantine worlds brought new *Contact with Muslim and Byzantine worlds brought new

ideas to Western Europe ideas to Western Europe (Direct Effect/Result)(Direct Effect/Result)

Quick ReviewQuick Review1.1. What was the new style of architecture used during the Age of Faith?What was the new style of architecture used during the Age of Faith?

2.2. The motivation for the grandeur of the structure was to show whose The motivation for the grandeur of the structure was to show whose wealth?wealth?

3.3. Isabella and Ferdinand used what religious tribunal to suppress heresy Isabella and Ferdinand used what religious tribunal to suppress heresy against the church?against the church?

4.4. A major goal of the Catholic Church during the Crusades was to?A major goal of the Catholic Church during the Crusades was to?

5.5. What was the most significant effect of the Crusades?What was the most significant effect of the Crusades?

6.6. One important effect of the Crusades on Western Europe was that they?One important effect of the Crusades on Western Europe was that they?

7.7. An important long-term result of the Crusades in the Middle East was?An important long-term result of the Crusades in the Middle East was?

8.8. What was a direct result of the Crusades?What was a direct result of the Crusades?

Chapter 14 Section 2:Chapter 14 Section 2:Trade, Towns, and Trade, Towns, and

Financial RevolutionFinancial Revolution

Growing Food SupplyGrowing Food Supply

Using horsepowerUsing horsepower Peasants had depended on oxen to pull plows, Peasants had depended on oxen to pull plows,

but they moved slowly.but they moved slowly. Horses needed better food, but a team of horses Horses needed better food, but a team of horses

could plow twice as fast as oxencould plow twice as fast as oxen

Developed a new harness to fit around the Developed a new harness to fit around the horses chest, taking pressure off their neck horses chest, taking pressure off their neck and windpipeand windpipe

Oxen were replaced by horses Oxen were replaced by horses

Three Field SystemThree Field System

By rotating crops on three fields instead By rotating crops on three fields instead of two, food production increased.of two, food production increased.

When food production increases people When food production increases people eat better.eat better.

When people eat better they live longerWhen people eat better they live longer When people live longer, the population When people live longer, the population

increases.increases.

Trade and Finance Trade and Finance ExpandExpand

As trade expanded artisans and craftsmen As trade expanded artisans and craftsmen were manufacturing goods by hand for local were manufacturing goods by hand for local and long distance trade.and long distance trade.

*During the Middle Ages, merchants and *During the Middle Ages, merchants and craftsmen in Europe began organizing into craftsmen in Europe began organizing into powerful associations known as guilds. powerful associations known as guilds. (similar to today’s unions)(similar to today’s unions)

Guilds controlled all wages and prices for Guilds controlled all wages and prices for their crafttheir craft

Overview: Life after the CrusadesOverview: Life after the Crusades

Effect of the CrusadesEffect of the Crusades

There was a revival in learning in There was a revival in learning in Europe after the CrusadesEurope after the Crusades

The Muslims had preserved the The Muslims had preserved the libraries of the Greeks and much libraries of the Greeks and much was brought back from the was brought back from the CrusadesCrusades

The Crusaders brought back The Crusaders brought back ancient text from Muslims and ancient text from Muslims and Byzantine librariesByzantine libraries

Universities Universities Began to Began to AppearAppear Paris, FranceParis, France Bologna and Bologna and

Salerno, ItalySalerno, Italy Oxford and Oxford and

Cambridge, Cambridge, EnglandEngland

Taught geometry, Taught geometry, astronomy, Latin, astronomy, Latin, grammar and logic grammar and logic the basis of Liberal the basis of Liberal Arts EducationArts Education

Originally Originally designated for a designated for a group of scholars group of scholars but NOW it is an but NOW it is an institution of higher institution of higher learninglearning

UniversitiesUniversities

Aquinas and Medieval Aquinas and Medieval Philosophy Philosophy

Christian scholars were excited by Greek writingsChristian scholars were excited by Greek writings *Thomas Aquinas wrote Summa Theologica after *Thomas Aquinas wrote Summa Theologica after

studying the works of Aristotle where he addressed studying the works of Aristotle where he addressed the issue of Aristotle’s work was compatible with the issue of Aristotle’s work was compatible with Christians doctrines, and God gave man the power to Christians doctrines, and God gave man the power to reason.reason.

*His writings influenced political thought in North *His writings influenced political thought in North American colonies because Aquinas believed in American colonies because Aquinas believed in “natural law” and that people have the right to “natural law” and that people have the right to overthrow an unjust ruler.overthrow an unjust ruler.

Quick ReviewQuick Review1.1. Thomas Aquinas wrote Summa Theologica after Thomas Aquinas wrote Summa Theologica after

studying the works of Aristotle. What were the studying the works of Aristotle. What were the important issues Aquinas addresses in his important issues Aquinas addresses in his book?book?

2.2. How did Thomas Aquinas’ writings influence How did Thomas Aquinas’ writings influence political thought in the North American colonies?political thought in the North American colonies?

3.3. During the later Middle Ages, merchants and During the later Middle Ages, merchants and craftsmen in Europe began organizing into craftsmen in Europe began organizing into powerful associations known as?powerful associations known as?

Chapter 14 Section Chapter 14 Section 33

England Develops a England Develops a Parliament and the Parliament and the

Magna CartaMagna Carta

Eleanor of AquitaineEleanor of Aquitaine

The most powerful women during the The most powerful women during the Middle AgesMiddle Ages

Wife of 2 kings (Louis VII & Henry), Wife of 2 kings (Louis VII & Henry), mother of 2 kings (Richard the mother of 2 kings (Richard the Lionhearted and John)Lionhearted and John)

Magna CartaMagna Carta

Henry was succeeded by Richard the Henry was succeeded by Richard the Lion hearted. Then John took over after Lion hearted. Then John took over after Richard’s death.Richard’s death.

John had many problemsJohn had many problems Mean to his subjectsMean to his subjects Raised taxes to finance a warRaised taxes to finance a war Nobles revoltedNobles revolted

Magna Carta (Great Magna Carta (Great Charter)Charter)

June 15, 1215, nobles forced John to sign June 15, 1215, nobles forced John to sign the Magna Carta-the most celebrated the Magna Carta-the most celebrated document in English history. document in English history. *List of feudal rights that limited the power of the *List of feudal rights that limited the power of the

English monarchyEnglish monarchy Guaranteed certain basic and political rightsGuaranteed certain basic and political rights *Included no taxation without representation, jury *Included no taxation without representation, jury

trial and the protection of the law (considered trial and the protection of the law (considered basic legal rights in England and the US)basic legal rights in England and the US)

Model ParliamentModel Parliament Was set up in Nov, Was set up in Nov,

12951295 *Legislative body of *Legislative body of

medieval Europemedieval Europe Two burgesses (citizens Two burgesses (citizens

of wealth & property) of wealth & property) from every borough from every borough and two knights from and two knights from every countyevery county

Met whenever a new Met whenever a new tax was neededtax was needed

Quick ReviewQuick Review

1.1. The Magna Carta can best be described The Magna Carta can best be described as a list of?as a list of?

2.2. What was the name of the legislative What was the name of the legislative body of medieval England?body of medieval England?

3.3. The motivation behind the nobles desire The motivation behind the nobles desire to force King John to sign the Magna to force King John to sign the Magna Carta was?Carta was?

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