BELL RINGER – 8/25 NONE TODAY

Take a few minutes and study for your QUIZ!!! Elements of Art Principles of Art

QUIZ: ELEMENTS OF ART Circle the correct answer

Turn it into the box once complete

NO DEVICES Once your quiz is turned in you may get them

out and work silently

THE ELEMENTS OF MUSIC

ELEMENTS OF MUSICTempoRhythmMelodyHarmonyDynamicsTimbreForm

We’ll do these later in the week

BEAT A beat is the basic unit of time

NOT an element of music, but the basic pulse Music can’t exist without it – every piece of music has a

beat!

Every beat has a downbeat and an upbeat Downbeat: the music on the beat Upbeat: the music in between the beats

Goes with tapping your foot... When your foot hits – downbeat; when your foot is up - upbeat

ELEMENT OF MUSIC: TEMPO Tempo is how fast or slow the beats go by

In “BPM” – beats per minute 60 bpm (1 beat per second) 120 bpm (2 beats per second) Generally range from 60-240 bpm

Usually marked in Italian most composers were Italian when tempo markings were first

introduced

TEMPO – COMMON MARKINGS Largo

Very slow

Adagio Slow

Moderato Moderate speed /

Medium

Allegro Fast

Presto Very fast

There are 100s of possible tempo markings – “Briskly,” “at a walking speed,” etc.

TEMPO – WHERE IS IT? The tempo marking is always at the

START of the music, in the upper left.

If the tempo changes mid piece, the new tempo will appear where it should start, in the upper left.

The CONDUCTOR gives the tempo Conductor – how fast or slow they move

their arms lets the musicians know how fast or slow to play

TEMPO EXAMPLES Slow Tempo:

New World Symphony – Mvt. 2 Dvorak http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ENf4VEhI40

Fast Tempo: Overture to Candide Bernstein http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=422-yb8TXj8

ELEMENT OF MUSIC: RHYTHM Rhythm is the pattern or placement of sounds in time

Duration of pitches/notes – how long or short a note is played

The organization of sound within the tempo

You can have short rhythms at a slow tempo, or long rhythms at a fast tempo… (I’ll explain this in a second.)

RHYTHM Whole Note = 4

beats

Half Notes = 2 beats

Quarter Note = 1 beat

Eighth Note = ½ beat

= 1 beat

RHYTHM & TEMPO A half note at tempo = 60 will sound the same as a whole note at

tempo =120.

You can have long rhythms at a faster tempo...

Or short rhythms at a slower tempo...

Before you can determine the rhythms, you have to determine the tempo. Usually listening to the percussion or low voices (bass, tuba, etc.) will help

you find the beat If you can see the conductor, they provide the beat

RHYTHM EXAMPLE Most percussion instruments ONLY play rhythm (no

pitch) – here are a few examples of rhythm by itself

Blast Intermission Blast! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_XuqTipBWss

Brooms Stomp http://youtu.be/tZ7aYQtIldg?t=2m15s

TIME SIGNATURE Time signature is NOT an

element of music, but assists with tempo and rhythm.

The time signature is at the start of each instrument line

The top number lets you know how many beats are in each measure You don’t need to worry about

the bottom number – its more to do with how to play it

PITCH Pitch is how high or low the instrument plays

NOT an element of music, but the basic part of melody (which is)

Instruments without pitch: percussive instruments such as the snare drum, bass drum (can be pitched), brake drum, tambourine, jingle bells, etc. These instruments do NOT produce melody – they are rhythmic

ONLY

HOW TO READ PITCH

Treble Clef: HIGHER pitches

Bass Clef: LOWER pitches

There are other clefs – but these are the two most common ones.

ELEMENT OF MUSIC: MELODY Melody is a succession of notes heard as some sort of unit

The combination of pitch and rhythm

The memorable tune What you sing in your head after you’ve heard a new piece; what

you hum down the hallways

WORDS TO DESCRIBE MELODY Smooth, connected

Song-like

Aggressive

Accented

Hard-hitting

You can describe melody based on what it sounds like, or how it makes you feel.

WHEN DESCRIBING MELODY Talk about WHICH INSTRUMENT is performing the

melody

“I hear the melody in the trumpets...”

“The flute melody is very sincere...”

MELODY EXAMPLES Nutcracker Suite – 3 “Sugar Plum Fairy”

Tchaikovsky http://youtu.be/Ow4t3C_gCCY?t=15s

The Ride of the Valkyrie Wagner http://youtu.be/VCmgUDSlAyA?t=35s

ACTIVITY: PRACTICE THE ELEMENTS OF MUSIC TABLET: m.socrative.com Room: 38178 NO TABLET: piece of notebook paper

Tempo, Rhythm, and Melody are three large concepts. Let’s throw in time signature too

Let’s spend some time exploring them We need to be able to recognize them aurally and on paper

TEMPO ON PAPER – WHAT IS THE TEMPO?

2.

A. JupiterB. Allegro VivaceC. C MajorD. F

3.

A. AdaigoB. PianoC. Symphonie No.

5D. Antonio Dvorak

TEMPO ON PAPER – WHAT IS THE TEMPO?

4.

5.

A. PreoccupationB. 3/4C. Ernster GangD. Largo

A. AllegrettoB. PrimoC. CanzonaD. Aus der Oper

TEMPO PRACTICE: LISTENING Listen to the example. Would you define it as

“adagio,” “moderato,” or “presto?”

6. Mozart's Turkish March A. Adagio B. Moderato C. Presto

7. Beethoven’s Moonlight Sonata A. Adagio B. Moderato C. Presto

8. Bach's Jesu of Man's Desiring A. Adagio B. Moderato C. Presto

TEMPO PRACTICE: LISTENING Listen to the example. Would you define it as

“adagio,” “moderato,” or “presto?”

9. Back to the Future A. Adagio B. Moderato C. Presto

10. Jurassic Park A. Adagio B. Moderato C. Presto

11. The Dark Knight A. Adagio B. Moderato C. Presto

RHYTHM PRACTICE – ON THE PAGE Look at the piece of to

the right.

12. Which line has the fastest rhythms? (Remember that BLACK NOTES and STEMS = faster) A. Cantos B. Altos C. Tenor D. Bassos

RHYTHM PRACTICE – ON THE PAGE Look at the piece of to

the right.

13. Which 2 lines have the same rhythm? A. Fl. 1 & Cl. 1 B. Cl. 2 & Cl. 3 C. Bsn. 1 & Fl. 1 D. B. Cl & Cl. 2

RHYTHM PRACTICE - LISTENING Which voice is playing the more complex rhythms at the

beginning?

14. Liszt’s Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2 A. Strings B. Percussion C. Brass

15. Wood’s Mannin Veen A. Strings B. Trumpets C. Clarinets

16. Holst’s Second Suite A. Flute B. Trumpets C. Saxophones

MELODY – LISTENING Listen to the example. Which instrument is playing the

melody?

17. Armstrong’s Savoy Blues A. Banjo B. Trumpet C. Piano

18. Whitacre’s October A. Oboe B. Xylophone C. Tuba

19. William’s Raider’s March A. Trumpet B. Flute C. Violin

MELODY – LISTENING Listen to the example. Which instrument is playing the

melody?

20. Grieg’s Morning from Peer Gynt A. Saxophone B. Trombone C. Flute

21. Goodman’s Sing Sing Sing A. Percussion B. Piano C. Saxophone

22. Newman’s Friend In Me A. Piano B. Tuba C. Voice