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Transcript of Bell ringer 1.Get with your groups and be ready to present your political cartoon! 2.Make sure you...
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Bell ringer
1. Get with your groups and be ready to present your political cartoon!
2. Make sure you have all of your papers (role sheets, written description, and cartoon)
3. Get out your Expansion of President Chart (with the five presidents).
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Presentation time!Presidential Cartoons – On the back of your worksheet:• Which President?• Summarize what is seen in political
cartoon.• List the:
• Type of humor used • List the symbols used
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The BureaucracyThe Invisible Government
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Bureaucracy• A large organization structured hierarchically to carry out
specific functions to make it more efficient
Bureaucrat• A person who works for an organization, has defined
duties and responsibilities
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Features of a Bureaucracy• 1. Hierarchical authority – built on a pyramid with a
chain of command• Benefits: speeds action, reduces conflict over decisions
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Features of a Bureaucracy• 2. Job specialization – bureaucrat has defined duties with a precise
division of labor• Benefits: each person has own job and gains specialized skills
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Features of a Bureaucracy• 3. Formal rules – does work according to set of regulations and
procedures• Benefits: decisions based on these, can do things even if people
leave
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The Federal Bureaucracy
What is the federal bureaucracy?
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The Federal Bureaucracy is:4 million employees; 2.8 million are
civilians or “civil servants”President only appoints 3% (patronage or
political appointments)15 cabinet level departments200+ independent agencies with 2,000+
bureaus, divisions, branches, etc. Biggest - Dept. of Defense, U.S. Postal
Service, Veterans Administration
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Bureaucrats at Work
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Image of Bureaucracy• People have a very negative image of government
bureaucracy—Why?• Faceless• Nameless• “red tape”• (Compare the agent at the DMV to a cell phone customer
service rep)• (What do we think of when we think of a fireman)• “…we expect bureaucracies not merely to expend maximum
effort in solving societal problems but to dispose of them entirely, whether solvable or not.” Charles Goodsell
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The Federal Bureaucracy
How is the federal bureaucracy organized?
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The Federal Bureaucracy
Consists of1. Executive Office of the President2. Cabinet Departments 3. Independent Agencies
• Independent Executive Agencies• Independent Regulatory Commissions
4. Government Corporations
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The Name Game
• Department: agencies of cabinet rank• Agency: refers to any governmental body. Identify a
major unit headed by a single administrator of near-cabinet status (Environmental Protection Agency)
• Administration: refers to any governmental body (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)
• Commission: agencies charged with regulation of business activities (Federal Communications Commissions)
• Corporation/Authority: agencies that conduct business-like activities (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation)
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Federal Bureaucracy
President Congress
Executive Officeof the President(Ex: OMB, NSC)
Government Corporations(Ex: Amtrack, Postal Service)
Independent Regulatory Commissions(Ex: FCC, SEC)
Independent Executive Agencies(Ex: CIA, NASA)
CabinetDepartments(Ex: State, Defense)
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Organization of the U.S. Government
“No government ever voluntarily reduces itself in size. Government programs, once launched, never disappear. Actually, a government bureau is the nearest thing to eternal life we’ll ever see on this earth!” Ronald Reagan, 1964
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Bell Ringer
Define bureaucracy and explain the three
features of it.
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The Executive Office of the President
Why it matters?• Composed of President’s closest advisors and several
support agencies.• Chief executive’s right arm in the formation and
execution of nation’s public policies.
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The White House Office
1. Purpose: • Nerve center for entire executive branch
2. Why Critical:• Presidents most trusted advisors• Influential in determining national policy
3. How Helps:• Advisors gather information in area of expertise and present
to the President
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The National Security Council (NSA)
1. Purpose: • Advises President on National Security
2. Why Critical:• President consults with top advisors in group before making
most major steps in foreign affairs
3. How Helps:• Help President formulate foreign policy based on
President’s priorities
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Office of Management and Budget
1. Purpose: • Prepare federal budget submitted annually to Congress
2. Why Critical:• Detailed work plan for conduct of government.• Study organization and management• Keeps President informed on other agencies
3. How Helps:• Allocated to programs according to President’s priorities• Helps take stand on legislation
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Bell Ringer
If you were an advisor to the President in the National Security
Counsel how would you advise the President to react to the
situation in the Ukraine? Explain (3 sentences).
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Current White House Staff
• Chief of Staff: • Dennis
McDonough
• Press Secretary: • Jay Carney
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The Executive Departments
Why it matters?• Fifteen executive departments carry out much of the
Federal Government’s work.• The heads of these departments frequently meet with the
President and other officials as the Cabinet.
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Organization
• Headed by Secretary (or Attorney General)• Deputy Secretary aids Secretary• Divided into smaller units• Agencies have offices around country
Largest: Department of Defense
Newest: Department of Homeland Security
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Organization of Homeland Security Agencies after 9/11
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The Cabinet
• Who is it?• Group of advisors to the President• 15 total heads of the Executive Departments
• Choosing Members:• President appoints (confirmed by Senate)• Factors: party, experience, abilities, gender, race
• Cabinet’s Role:• Administrative head of one of the executive departments• Together advisors to the president
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Secretary of Ag.Thomas Vilsack
Secretary of CommercePenny Pritzker Secretary of Education
Arne Duncan
Secretary of DefenseChuck Hagel
Secretary of EnergyErnest Moniz
Secretary of Health/Human ServicesKathleen Sebelius
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Secretary of Housing/Urban DevelopmentShaun Donovan
Attorney GeneralEric Holder Secretary of Labor
Thomas Perez
Secretary of Homeland Sec.Jeh Johnson
Secretary of InteriorSally Jewell
Secretary of StateJohn Kerry
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Secretary of TransportationAnthony Foxx
Secretary of TreasuryJack Lew
Secretary of Veterans AffairsEric Shinseki
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Exit Ticket
Do you believe the E.O.P or the Cabinet are more influential in
helping the President make decisions? Why?
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Bell Ringer
How many current Cabinet Departments do we have? Which
do you think has the biggest influence on the President? Why?
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Dept. of Veterans Affairs
Dept. of Treasury
Dept. of Transportation
State Dept.
Dept. of L
aborDept. of Justice
Dept. of
Interior
Dept. Agriculture
Dept. Homeland Security
Dept.
Housing/Urban
Dev.
Dept.
Health/Human
Services
Dept.
Education
Dept. Energy
Dept. DefenseDept. Commerce
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Exit Ticket
Which agency are you doing? What is one fact you have found
out about the agency?
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Bell Ringer
Why are Independent Agencies needed? List
the three types and define them.
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Independent Agencies
Why it matters?• 150 executive branch agencies are not located in 15
departments• Some rival Cabinet departments in size of budget,
functions, and number of employees
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Why Independent Agencies?
• Agencies don’t fit within departments• To protect agencies from political party pressures• Accident• Peculiar nature of functions
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Independent Executive Agencies
• Define: • include most independent agencies• organized like Cabinet departments
• But DO NOT have Cabinet status
• Examples:• Civil Rights Commission, Federal Election Commission,
American Battle Monuments Commission, Citizens’ Stamp Advisory Committee
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Independent Regulatory Commissions
• Define: • Stand out because beyond reach of presidential direction
and control because structured by Congress• 10 total agencies• Created to regulate, or police, important aspects of the
nation’s economy
• Examples:• Security Exchange Commission (SEC), Federal Reserve
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Government Corporations
• Define: • Within executive branch and subject to Presidential control• Set up like a private corporation
• Run by board of directors with manager
• Produce Income that is put back into the business• President selects with Senate confirmation
• Examples:• FDIC, Post Office, Export-Import Bank of the U.S.
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Civil Service
• People who perform administrative work for government• 2.7 million people – not appointed by the President, but hired
separately
• Development:• Patronage: Giving jobs to supporters and friends (Jefferson)• Spoils System: Giving offices and other favors of government to
political supports and friends (Jackson)
• Today:• The Office of Personnel Management
• Central clearinghouse in federal recruiting, examining, and hiring process• Advertises for employees, examines those who apply, keeps registers, and
contacts potential employees.
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Central Intelligence Agency: Director - John O. Brennan
Consumer Product Safety Commission:Commissioner Bob Adler
Environmental Protection Agency:Administrator Gina McCarthy
Federal CommunicationsCommission:Chairman Tom Wheeler
Federal Election Commission: Chairman Lee E. Goodman
Federal Emergency Management Agency:W. Craig Fugate
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Federal Trade Commission:Chairwoman Edith Ramirez
National Transportation SafetyBoard:Chairman Deborah Hersman
Nuclear Regulatory Commission:Chairman Allison M. Macfarlane
Federal Energy Regulatory Comm.:Chairman Cheryl A. Lafleur
National Labor RelationsBoard:Chairman Marc G Pearce
Social Security Admin.:Commissioner Carolyn W. Colvin
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NASA: AdministratorMajor Charles F. Bolden, Jr.
Peace Corps:Director Carrie Hessler-Radelet
Civil Rights Commission:Chairman Martin R. Castro
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Bell Ringer
First, define what the civil service is. Next, looking at this chart,
what can you say about the profile of
civil service employees?
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Extra Credit
What are the 15 Cabinet Departments?
(List as many as you can)
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Exit Ticket
When is your:
Project Due?
Test?
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Unit 4 – part 1 study guide
Roles of the President – Chief Executive:Chief Diplomat:Commander in Chief:Chief of State:Chief Citizen:Chief of Party:Chief Legislator:Chief Administrator:
Presidential Qualifications – Presidential Term/Term limits (22nd Amendment) – Pay and Benefits – Succession – 25th AmendmentPresidential Succession Act of 1947:Order of Succession:
Vice Presidency – Roles
Electing the President – Electors (amount needed):Electoral College (positives and negatives):
Powers of the President – Formal:
Informal:
Executive Powers:Ordinance PowerExecutive Order:Executive Agreement:Executive Privilege:Appointment PowerRemoval PowerJudicial Powers:Powers of ClemencyReprievePardonPower of CommutationPower of Amnesty
Legislative Powers:
Military Powers:
Diplomatic PowersTreatiesExecutive Agreements
How these powers have expanded:
Bureaucracy – Define:Bureaucrat:Features of a Bureaucracy:
Differences between departments, agencies, commissions, administrations, and corporations:
Executive Office of the President:PurposeWhite House OfficeNational Security CouncilOffice of Management and BudgetOther agencies
Executive Departments:PurposeGrowthCriteriaAppointment15 Cabinet DepartmentsIndependent Agencies:PurposeIndependent Executive AgenciesIndependent Regulatory CommissionsGovernment Corporations
Civil Service:PurposePatronageSpoils System
Office of Personnel Management