Bell RingerBell Ringer1.1. Describe a developed country. Use GNPP, % Describe a developed country. Use GNPP, %

Literacy, % Pop. Annual Rise, % urban and Life Literacy, % Pop. Annual Rise, % urban and Life Expectancy.Expectancy.

2.2. Countries that join the ____________________ use Countries that join the ____________________ use the “Euro” (European Monetary System).the “Euro” (European Monetary System).

3.3. How can free market economies (capitalism) How can free market economies (capitalism) lead to greater political freedom?lead to greater political freedom?

Bell RingerBell Ringer

Complete “Independence Sweeps the Complete “Independence Sweeps the World” using the Atlas text bookWorld” using the Atlas text book

The Modern WorldThe Modern World

Independence Movements Independence Movements in India, Africa & the in India, Africa & the

Middle EastMiddle East

We will…

You will be able to…

Identify the independence movements that took place in Asia, the Middle East and Africa following WWII.

Today in class…Today in class…

LanguageSocial Studies• Define: Apartheid • Describe the independence

movements in India and Africa and their leaders.

• Describe what happened to the mandate of Palestine and the creation of the state of Israel.

• Locate the world religions in the 20th Century and review their key beliefs and founders.

Next Time/Soon: World Religions Packet due

Queen Victoria of EnglandEmpress of India

Indian ColonizationIndian Colonization British British East India CompanyEast India Company developed developed

trade with Mughal Indiatrade with Mughal India SepoySepoy Rebellion leads to colonization in Rebellion leads to colonization in

18571857

India Before WWIIIndia Before WWII

Indian National Indian National CongressCongress forms to forms to fight for fight for independenceindependence

GandhiGandhi used used non-non-violentviolent civil civil disobedience and disobedience and passive resistancepassive resistance to fight against to fight against British ruleBritish rule

Partition of IndiaPartition of India India gained India gained

independence from independence from Britain in Britain in 19471947

Country was split Country was split along the along the Hindu-Hindu-MuslimMuslim lines. lines.

Law stated that Law stated that people could only people could only have ONE month to have ONE month to decide which country decide which country they wanted to live in they wanted to live in and to move there. and to move there.

As millions of people As millions of people began to move, began to move, violence broke outviolence broke out..

New Nations FormNew Nations Form British India became nations of:British India became nations of:

Republic of Republic of IndiaIndia World’s World’s largest democratic nationlargest democratic nation Federal system gives many powers to the stateFederal system gives many powers to the state

PakistanPakistan (was called West Pakistan ) (was called West Pakistan ) BangladeshBangladesh (was called East Pakistan ) (was called East Pakistan ) Sri LankaSri Lanka (was called Ceylon) (was called Ceylon)

Which ethnic/religious group lives in Pakistan and Which ethnic/religious group lives in Pakistan and Bangladesh? Which lives in India?Bangladesh? Which lives in India?

In Your Notes …

1. Label India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka

2. Label Pakistan & Bangladesh with their names from the 1947

3. Label India, Pakistan, Bangladesh with the appropriate religion/ethnic group

Jawaharlal Jawaharlal NehruNehru

First First Prime MinisterPrime Minister of India of India FriendFriend of Gandhi of Gandhi Supported western style Supported western style industrializationindustrialization Wanted to end Wanted to end castecaste discrimination discrimination EthnicEthnic & & religiousreligious differences caused differences caused

problems in the development of India as a problems in the development of India as a democraticdemocratic nation. nation.

New New economic developmenteconomic development has helped to has helped to ease financial problems of the nation.ease financial problems of the nation.

Indira GandhiIndira Gandhi Daughter of NehruDaughter of Nehru Prime Minister Prime Minister of of

India in the 1960’s & India in the 1960’s & 70’s70’s

Worked for a close Worked for a close relationship with the relationship with the Soviet UnionSoviet Union

Developed Developed nuclear nuclear programprogram

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VocabularyVocabulary1. Apartheid 2. European Union3. IMF4. Multinational Corporation5. WTO6. NAFTA7. Refugee8. Guest Worker9. Terrorism

ApartheidApartheid

Complete separation of Complete separation of blacks and whites in blacks and whites in South Africa South Africa

Africa after World War IIAfrica after World War II In In 19451945, at the end of , at the end of

World War II, most of World War II, most of Africa remained Africa remained under under European ruleEuropean rule..

During the years During the years after 1945 many after 1945 many African countries African countries were gaining were gaining freedom.freedom.

The UN Charter said The UN Charter said that Africa has the that Africa has the right to right to “self-“self-determination”determination”

Self-determinationSelf-determination – a nation’s right – a nation’s right to rule itself without outside to rule itself without outside interferenceinterference

African Nationalism & African Nationalism & RevolutionsRevolutions

After WWII, there was a rise in After WWII, there was a rise in pridepride in in African heritageAfrican heritage and cultures. and cultures.

Resentment of Resentment of imperial ruleimperial rule and and economic exploitation.economic exploitation.

There were both peaceful & There were both peaceful & VIOLENTVIOLENT revolutions.revolutions.

South African gold mine - 1935

Revolution ExamplesRevolution Examples KenyaKenya::

Violent struggle and fight for freedom against Violent struggle and fight for freedom against GreatGreat BritainBritain

AlgeriaAlgeria:: Bloody Bloody warwar and fight for freedom against and fight for freedom against FranceFrance

West AfricaWest Africa:: PeacefulPeaceful transition transition

Jomo KenyattaJomo Kenyatta Founding father of KenyaFounding father of Kenya Led a Led a violent struggle violent struggle for for

independence against independence against British rule British rule in the 1960’sin the 1960’s

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South AfricaSouth Africa

Gained Gained independenceindependence in in 1910. 1910.

But until 1990 there was But until 1990 there was apartheid. apartheid.

Nelson MandelaNelson Mandela

Led black South Led black South Africans struggleAfricans struggle against apartheidagainst apartheid

Became Became first black first black president president of the of the Republic of South Republic of South Africa in 1990Africa in 1990

Video -- The Special AKA—"Free Nelson Mandela" -- National Geographic

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Europeans Lost Their Europeans Lost Their ColoniesColonies

After WWII, Great After WWII, Great Britain, France, Britain, France, Portugal, and Portugal, and Belgium all lost Belgium all lost African colonies.African colonies.

Why?Why?

Influence of the Cold WarInfluence of the Cold War

SSuperpowers uperpowers tried tried to influence to influence new new African African governmentsgovernments

MandatesMandates Established by the Established by the

League of NationsLeague of Nations after WWI.after WWI.

MandateMandate – – territories territories administered by administered by other countries in other countries in the name of the the name of the League of NationsLeague of Nations

French and British mandates for the Middle East after World War I.

Independence After Independence After WWIIWWII

1948 - 1948 - UN divides PalestineUN divides Palestine into: into: IsraelIsrael ( (JewishJewish state) state) PalestinePalestine (Arab state) (Arab state)

Creation of Israel deeply Creation of Israel deeply divided divided the Middle Eastthe Middle East Hundred of thousands of Palestinians Hundred of thousands of Palestinians

were were displaceddisplaced by the new state of by the new state of IsraelIsrael

Israel was attacked the day after it Israel was attacked the day after it was created by six Arab nationswas created by six Arab nations

Golda MeirGolda Meir(“Golda My-ear”)(“Golda My-ear”)

Prime Minister Prime Minister of Israel in of Israel in early 1970searly 1970s

Worked for a Worked for a close close relationship relationship with the with the United United StatesStates

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Gamal Abdul NasserGamal Abdul Nasser President President of Egypt in the of Egypt in the

1950’s & 60’s1950’s & 60’s Nationalized Nationalized Suez CanalSuez Canal Worked for a close Worked for a close

relationship with the relationship with the Soviet UnionSoviet Union

Built Built Aswan High DamAswan High Dam

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Middle East ConflictsMiddle East Conflicts

BBC News - Helicopter tour over West Bank and Israel

Things to DoThings to Do

World Religions Webs & Maps – World Religions Webs & Maps – use p. 612-626 and map handoutuse p. 612-626 and map handout

VIPs of the Modern World – complete VIPs of the Modern World – complete hallway noteshallway notes

Turn in World Religions packet at Turn in World Religions packet at the end of the block!the end of the block!

Location of world religions in 1500 a.d. (c.e.)

Judaism: Concentrated in Europe and the Middle EastChristianity: Concentrated in Europe and the Middle EastIslam: Parts of Asia, Africa, and southern EuropeHinduism: India and part of Southeast AsiaBuddhism: East and Southeast Asia