BELECTRIC: A Technology Companysolar-media.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/presentations... · Control....

38
BELECTRIC: A Technology Company Ecofriendly • Innovative • Reliable

Transcript of BELECTRIC: A Technology Companysolar-media.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/presentations... · Control....

Page 1: BELECTRIC: A Technology Companysolar-media.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/presentations... · Control. Power factor control. BELECTRIC: Company Profile More than 1,500 employees in 20 countries

BELECTRIC: A Technology Company

Eco‐friendly  •

Innovative  • Reliable

Page 2: BELECTRIC: A Technology Companysolar-media.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/presentations... · Control. Power factor control. BELECTRIC: Company Profile More than 1,500 employees in 20 countries

Agenda

Introduction to BELECTRIC

Challenges & Opportunities for future power grids

BELECTRIC’S solutions for future power grids

Virtual Inertia, Primary reserve, Hybrid Systems, Frequency 

Control.

Power factor control

Page 3: BELECTRIC: A Technology Companysolar-media.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/presentations... · Control. Power factor control. BELECTRIC: Company Profile More than 1,500 employees in 20 countries

BELECTRIC: Company Profile

More than 1,500 employees in 20 countries

Over 100 patents registered since 2001Currently we install more than 2 MWp every working week in the UK

Page 4: BELECTRIC: A Technology Companysolar-media.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/presentations... · Control. Power factor control. BELECTRIC: Company Profile More than 1,500 employees in 20 countries

BELECTRIC: Our business areas

Typical EPC System Integrator

Page 5: BELECTRIC: A Technology Companysolar-media.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/presentations... · Control. Power factor control. BELECTRIC: Company Profile More than 1,500 employees in 20 countries

BELECTRIC: 100% Supportive of the NetworkThe energy system of the future combines 

the different segments into 

One System

Increase in grid quality (normalization of peak loads and 

stabilizing the mains voltage)

Safeguarding from regional blackouts

Intelligent power generation  according to demand 

BUT: Energy must be affordable for customers 

Page 6: BELECTRIC: A Technology Companysolar-media.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/presentations... · Control. Power factor control. BELECTRIC: Company Profile More than 1,500 employees in 20 countries

Agenda

Introduction to BELECTRIC

Challenges & Opportunities for future power grids

BELECTRIC’S solutions for future power grids

Virtual Inertia, Primary reserve, Hybrid Systems, Frequency 

Control.

Power factor control

Page 7: BELECTRIC: A Technology Companysolar-media.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/presentations... · Control. Power factor control. BELECTRIC: Company Profile More than 1,500 employees in 20 countries

PAST TODAY FUTUREShare of Renewable Energies

0% 23 % (Germany) 100 %

Grid regulation / ancillary services

centralized (synchronous generators)

centralized (syn. gen) + decentralized

centralized (large-scale renewables) + decentralized

Feed-in regulations

conventional power plants

RE + conventional power plants RE + storage

Challenges for Future Power Grids:

Transformation from synchronous generators to inverter‐based generation

Page 8: BELECTRIC: A Technology Companysolar-media.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/presentations... · Control. Power factor control. BELECTRIC: Company Profile More than 1,500 employees in 20 countries

Turbogenerating set of steam turbine (yellow) with synchronous generator (red) Source: Siemens

Central inverterSource: GE Power Conversion

Challenges for Future Power Grids: 

Transformation from synchronous generators to inverter‐based generation

Page 9: BELECTRIC: A Technology Companysolar-media.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/presentations... · Control. Power factor control. BELECTRIC: Company Profile More than 1,500 employees in 20 countries

What are the upcoming challenges

• Losing inertia:

• Destabilization of grid  (Frequency and voltage): High 

rate of transients 

• Change of protection concept  required (now mainly based on 

over‐current release)

• Reduction of primary reserve

• Compromising black start  capability. 

• Possibly introducing harmonics

Page 10: BELECTRIC: A Technology Companysolar-media.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/presentations... · Control. Power factor control. BELECTRIC: Company Profile More than 1,500 employees in 20 countries

Agenda

Introduction to BELECTRIC

Challenges for future power grids

BELECTRIC’s solutions for future power grids

Virtual Inertia, Primary reserve, Hybrid Systems, 

Frequency Control.

Power factor control

Page 11: BELECTRIC: A Technology Companysolar-media.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/presentations... · Control. Power factor control. BELECTRIC: Company Profile More than 1,500 employees in 20 countries

‐ R&D project: €9 m budget; funded by German Government with €5 m

‐ Development of PV + battery power plants capable of power grid management

“PV Power Plant of the Future“

Page 12: BELECTRIC: A Technology Companysolar-media.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/presentations... · Control. Power factor control. BELECTRIC: Company Profile More than 1,500 employees in 20 countries

Grid‐related contents of R&D project

Losing intertia:

•inverter based virtual inertia•impedance based protection release

Reduction of primary reserve

•Battery based primary reserve (EBU):

featuring short response time and high  gradient  reducing the necessary 

amount of reserve

Compromising black start capability: 

• grid built‐up capable  inverters

•Dynamic simulation: P(f), Q(U), self‐ induced excitations, Grid harmonics

Page 13: BELECTRIC: A Technology Companysolar-media.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/presentations... · Control. Power factor control. BELECTRIC: Company Profile More than 1,500 employees in 20 countries

Challenge: Virtual Inertia & Black Start

Implementation of “virtual inertia”‐ properties into low‐cost PV‐

inverter:

• Including all ancillary grid services  and hybrid power plant capabilities

• Based on 1500 V‐DC‐

system 

• Low cost, high volume, high quality  due to serial production

• Completely tested and certified

Page 14: BELECTRIC: A Technology Companysolar-media.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/presentations... · Control. Power factor control. BELECTRIC: Company Profile More than 1,500 employees in 20 countries

Reasons for a lead acid battery container‐High level of security, not prone to fire accidents

‐Proven technology, reliable operation, low maintainance

‐Highest value, high quality

‐High certainty in lifetime and lifetime‐cost calculation  bankability

‐Containerized solution placable nearly anywhere (transformer stations,…)

sufficient number

of frequency response providers

‐ Location not space constarined

Page 15: BELECTRIC: A Technology Companysolar-media.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/presentations... · Control. Power factor control. BELECTRIC: Company Profile More than 1,500 employees in 20 countries

Belectric already operates:

•A frequency response unit in test operation.

•Two primary reserve units working on the German Primary Reserve Market. 

Opportunity: Primary Reserve

(%)

Page 16: BELECTRIC: A Technology Companysolar-media.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/presentations... · Control. Power factor control. BELECTRIC: Company Profile More than 1,500 employees in 20 countries

Simulation of inverters and Optimization of control

Highly dynamic simulation (U, I)

Representing the real inverter regulation and oscillations due to their interaction

Analysis of resonances

Examination of higher harmonics

Representation of passive equipment(cable, transformers) and POI

Simulation of parallel operation of inverters

Frequency response

Challenge: Oscillations of Fast Reacting Frequency Response Units

Page 17: BELECTRIC: A Technology Companysolar-media.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/presentations... · Control. Power factor control. BELECTRIC: Company Profile More than 1,500 employees in 20 countries

Renewables: Integration

& Grid Management

Page 18: BELECTRIC: A Technology Companysolar-media.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/presentations... · Control. Power factor control. BELECTRIC: Company Profile More than 1,500 employees in 20 countries

Renewables: Integration

& Grid Management

Page 19: BELECTRIC: A Technology Companysolar-media.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/presentations... · Control. Power factor control. BELECTRIC: Company Profile More than 1,500 employees in 20 countries

Agenda

Introduction to BELECTRIC

Challenges for future power grids

BELECTRIC’s solutions for future power grids

Virtual Inertia, Primary reserve, Hybrid Systems, 

Frequency Control.

Power factor control

Page 20: BELECTRIC: A Technology Companysolar-media.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/presentations... · Control. Power factor control. BELECTRIC: Company Profile More than 1,500 employees in 20 countries

Renewable Energy: Power Factor ControlDecentralized regenerative energy suppliers feed into the 

public grid at various network points in a way that is controlled  and dependant on energy sources (sun, wind etc.). 

Consumers use electricity at different times.

Result: 

Differing grid voltages and unpredictable,  extreme values can occur

DS = Decentral Power Supplier

C   = Power Consumer 

Power Plant

Page 21: BELECTRIC: A Technology Companysolar-media.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/presentations... · Control. Power factor control. BELECTRIC: Company Profile More than 1,500 employees in 20 countries

Power Plant

Our public grid: Extreme scenariosGrid voltage excess in the event...

of high supply from energy producers

and little consumption, 

of high consumer load and little supply from energy producers

Grid voltage moves outside the recommended corridor

Voltage  outside  the 

guideline  value

110%

= 253V

100%= 230V

90%= 207V

Voltage corridor (according EN 50160 (UN ± 10%)

Page 22: BELECTRIC: A Technology Companysolar-media.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/presentations... · Control. Power factor control. BELECTRIC: Company Profile More than 1,500 employees in 20 countries

Grid stability through reactive powerThrough phase shifting of electricity and voltage 

(decentralized provision of reactive power) in the 

distribution network, the grid voltage can be raised 

and lowered at network points.

Reactive power can compensate for voltage fluctuations  in the network.

Page 23: BELECTRIC: A Technology Companysolar-media.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/presentations... · Control. Power factor control. BELECTRIC: Company Profile More than 1,500 employees in 20 countries

State‐of‐the‐art reactive power control

Maximum value of reactive power (Q) is dependent on the  apparent 

power, i.e. on the currently produced energy

S

100%

100%0

S = Apparent powerQ = Reactive powerP = Active power

Variable reactive power

Possible active  power during 

solar radiation

QP

cos φ= 0.90

Schematic diagram

Page 24: BELECTRIC: A Technology Companysolar-media.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/presentations... · Control. Power factor control. BELECTRIC: Company Profile More than 1,500 employees in 20 countries

3.0 MegaWattBlock®: PCUThe Power Conditioning Unit (PCU) includes

Inverter Station

Transformer Station (with 11‐33 kV feed‐in)

Control Unit

Day and Night (24/7) Dynamic Reactive Power Control 

Page 25: BELECTRIC: A Technology Companysolar-media.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/presentations... · Control. Power factor control. BELECTRIC: Company Profile More than 1,500 employees in 20 countries

Grid stabilization at day and night

S0

Q can be controlled independently from S  Q + P <= max. connection output of the unit/PCU

Possible  active 

power  during  solar 

radiation

QP100%

100%

Active variable  reactive power

cos φ= 0.90

schematic diagram

Page 26: BELECTRIC: A Technology Companysolar-media.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/presentations... · Control. Power factor control. BELECTRIC: Company Profile More than 1,500 employees in 20 countries

3.0 MegaWattBlock®: Grid controlThe regional power grid of the future

1

Solar power plant: 4 x 3.0 MegaWattBlock with Power Conditioning Unit (PCU)

2

Power Plant Controller (PPC) and grid access point

3

Transformer station

4

AC power line (medium and high voltage grid)

5

Private households

6

Conventional power plant

7

Urban area

8

Industrial area

1

2

3

4

56

7

8

Page 27: BELECTRIC: A Technology Companysolar-media.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/presentations... · Control. Power factor control. BELECTRIC: Company Profile More than 1,500 employees in 20 countries

Grid Stabilization: The resultComparison of grid voltage at end consumer (0.4kV network)

Voltage

[V]

Voltage

[V]

Grid voltage WITH reactive power control 

Grid voltage WITHOUT reactive power control 

Page 28: BELECTRIC: A Technology Companysolar-media.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/presentations... · Control. Power factor control. BELECTRIC: Company Profile More than 1,500 employees in 20 countries

State‐of‐the‐art reactive power controlNew feed‐in guidelines for renewable energy production 

in Germany: Modern photovoltaic systems have to provide  reactive power in normal operation and ‘control’

their own 

voltage influence on the network:MV guidelines: 

cos φ= 0.95 (inductive) and 0.95 (capacitive)

LV guidelines: 

cos φ= 0.90 (inductive) and 0.90 (capacitive)

Reduction in the  voltage excursion  through reactive 

power control of  the supply

Large‐

scale

powerplant

Page 29: BELECTRIC: A Technology Companysolar-media.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/presentations... · Control. Power factor control. BELECTRIC: Company Profile More than 1,500 employees in 20 countries

Grid Stabilization: Voltage comparisionComparison of grid voltage at end consumer (0.4kV network)

Grid voltage at consumer level with actively controlled reactive

power:

Volta

ge [V

]Vo

ltage [V

]

Grid voltage at consumer level in unregulated operation:

Switching of the transformer level 

(110kV/20kV) by the grid provider

Target value of grid voltage set 

at 233V

Page 30: BELECTRIC: A Technology Companysolar-media.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/presentations... · Control. Power factor control. BELECTRIC: Company Profile More than 1,500 employees in 20 countries

The Result: Stabilized Grid VoltageThe integration of grid‐stabilizing solar power plants…

works – actively – also when the solar power is not available

stabilizes the electricity network with regard to voltage

Saves expansion costs in the distribution & transfer networks

Enables modern grid technologies like high‐temperature  low‐sag conductors

And what does this mean for the customers?

…wants to feed into the public grid 

– any time of the day

Instable network No feed‐in No solar fees 

Grid stabilized network Complete feed‐in High project returnsSolar Power Plant with a high 

energy yield…

Page 31: BELECTRIC: A Technology Companysolar-media.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/presentations... · Control. Power factor control. BELECTRIC: Company Profile More than 1,500 employees in 20 countries

Typical Reactive Power ControlProblems associated with typical reactive power control:

Reactive power control only functions when the energy  producer is available, so when there is solar radiation and/or 

wind.

The range of reactive power control only lies between  cos φ= 0.90 (inductive) and 0.90 (capacitive) with regard to 

output.

The solution: "active" and dynamic reactive power  control day and night

Page 32: BELECTRIC: A Technology Companysolar-media.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/presentations... · Control. Power factor control. BELECTRIC: Company Profile More than 1,500 employees in 20 countries

Summary

• There are solutions to challenges of future power grids

• Batteries can provide quick frequency response and grid inertia at  low cost per kW

• Inverters may provide reactive power

• Batteries in conjunction with mass‐produced inverter technology  are economically viable and will lower grid operating cost

• Battery and inverter technology exists and is tested 

• Necessary development only concern periphery and controls.  Mainly: implementation into “real world”

grid management.

Page 33: BELECTRIC: A Technology Companysolar-media.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/presentations... · Control. Power factor control. BELECTRIC: Company Profile More than 1,500 employees in 20 countries

www.belectric.co.uk

Page 34: BELECTRIC: A Technology Companysolar-media.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/presentations... · Control. Power factor control. BELECTRIC: Company Profile More than 1,500 employees in 20 countries

The regional grid of the future1

Solar power plant: 4 x 3.0 MegaWattBlock with Power Conditioning Unit (PCU)

2

Power Plant Controller (PPC) and grid connection

3

Transformer station

4

Power line (medium voltage and high voltage grid)

5

External voltage sensor

6

Domestic consumption

7

Conventional large‐scale power plant

8

Urban area

9

Industrial area

1

2

3

4

67

8

9

5

Renewables: Integration into Grid Management

Page 35: BELECTRIC: A Technology Companysolar-media.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/presentations... · Control. Power factor control. BELECTRIC: Company Profile More than 1,500 employees in 20 countries

Active reactive power control regulates the grid voltage 

and compensates for phase shifting

Passive reactive power control regulates the 

grid voltage during power generation

110%

= 253V

100%= 230V

90%= 207V

Grid integration

Voltage corridor (according EN 50160 (UN ± 10%)

Page 36: BELECTRIC: A Technology Companysolar-media.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/presentations... · Control. Power factor control. BELECTRIC: Company Profile More than 1,500 employees in 20 countries

Calculation of  existing momentum reserve on the European grid:

Assumptions:• standard Siemens generator P=750 MW with mass

moment of inertia J= 19,000 kg*m²• Instantaneous reserve ∆E:

European grid:1. Installed power P1 = 631 GW

J1 = 15,985,333 kg·m²2. Peak load P2 = 390 GW

J2 = 9,880,000 kg·m²

3. Nominal load P3 = 200 GW

J3 = 5,066,667 kg·m²

Possible frequency differences:a. Static ∆f1 = 0.2 Hzb. Dynamic ∆f2 = 0.8 Hz

Available of momentum reserve:2.a ∆E = 1.08 MWh2.b ∆E = 4.30 MWh

3.a ∆E = 0.55 MWh

~ 2 GW for 1 second

Germany: 70 GW mean load 700 MW for 1 second

3.b ∆E = 2.20 MWh

Approx. identical to primary reserve!

Challenge:

Inertia

Page 37: BELECTRIC: A Technology Companysolar-media.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/presentations... · Control. Power factor control. BELECTRIC: Company Profile More than 1,500 employees in 20 countries
Page 38: BELECTRIC: A Technology Companysolar-media.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/presentations... · Control. Power factor control. BELECTRIC: Company Profile More than 1,500 employees in 20 countries

Integrating Alternative TechnolgiesIdeal Partners:•The Owner or SPV Manager•Competant O&M partner•Solar Farm Technical Designer with HV Competance•PPA Provider