BELECTRIC: A Technology Companysolar-media.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/presentations... · Control....
Transcript of BELECTRIC: A Technology Companysolar-media.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/presentations... · Control....
BELECTRIC: A Technology Company
Eco‐friendly •
Innovative • Reliable
Agenda
Introduction to BELECTRIC
Challenges & Opportunities for future power grids
BELECTRIC’S solutions for future power grids
Virtual Inertia, Primary reserve, Hybrid Systems, Frequency
Control.
Power factor control
BELECTRIC: Company Profile
More than 1,500 employees in 20 countries
Over 100 patents registered since 2001Currently we install more than 2 MWp every working week in the UK
BELECTRIC: Our business areas
Typical EPC System Integrator
BELECTRIC: 100% Supportive of the NetworkThe energy system of the future combines
the different segments into
One System
Increase in grid quality (normalization of peak loads and
stabilizing the mains voltage)
Safeguarding from regional blackouts
Intelligent power generation according to demand
BUT: Energy must be affordable for customers
Agenda
Introduction to BELECTRIC
Challenges & Opportunities for future power grids
BELECTRIC’S solutions for future power grids
Virtual Inertia, Primary reserve, Hybrid Systems, Frequency
Control.
Power factor control
PAST TODAY FUTUREShare of Renewable Energies
0% 23 % (Germany) 100 %
Grid regulation / ancillary services
centralized (synchronous generators)
centralized (syn. gen) + decentralized
centralized (large-scale renewables) + decentralized
Feed-in regulations
conventional power plants
RE + conventional power plants RE + storage
Challenges for Future Power Grids:
Transformation from synchronous generators to inverter‐based generation
Turbogenerating set of steam turbine (yellow) with synchronous generator (red) Source: Siemens
Central inverterSource: GE Power Conversion
Challenges for Future Power Grids:
Transformation from synchronous generators to inverter‐based generation
What are the upcoming challenges
• Losing inertia:
• Destabilization of grid (Frequency and voltage): High
rate of transients
• Change of protection concept required (now mainly based on
over‐current release)
• Reduction of primary reserve
• Compromising black start capability.
• Possibly introducing harmonics
Agenda
Introduction to BELECTRIC
Challenges for future power grids
BELECTRIC’s solutions for future power grids
Virtual Inertia, Primary reserve, Hybrid Systems,
Frequency Control.
Power factor control
‐ R&D project: €9 m budget; funded by German Government with €5 m
‐ Development of PV + battery power plants capable of power grid management
“PV Power Plant of the Future“
Grid‐related contents of R&D project
Losing intertia:
•inverter based virtual inertia•impedance based protection release
Reduction of primary reserve
•Battery based primary reserve (EBU):
featuring short response time and high gradient reducing the necessary
amount of reserve
Compromising black start capability:
• grid built‐up capable inverters
•Dynamic simulation: P(f), Q(U), self‐ induced excitations, Grid harmonics
Challenge: Virtual Inertia & Black Start
Implementation of “virtual inertia”‐ properties into low‐cost PV‐
inverter:
• Including all ancillary grid services and hybrid power plant capabilities
• Based on 1500 V‐DC‐
system
• Low cost, high volume, high quality due to serial production
• Completely tested and certified
Reasons for a lead acid battery container‐High level of security, not prone to fire accidents
‐Proven technology, reliable operation, low maintainance
‐Highest value, high quality
‐High certainty in lifetime and lifetime‐cost calculation bankability
‐Containerized solution placable nearly anywhere (transformer stations,…)
sufficient number
of frequency response providers
‐ Location not space constarined
Belectric already operates:
•A frequency response unit in test operation.
•Two primary reserve units working on the German Primary Reserve Market.
Opportunity: Primary Reserve
(%)
Simulation of inverters and Optimization of control
Highly dynamic simulation (U, I)
Representing the real inverter regulation and oscillations due to their interaction
Analysis of resonances
Examination of higher harmonics
Representation of passive equipment(cable, transformers) and POI
Simulation of parallel operation of inverters
Frequency response
Challenge: Oscillations of Fast Reacting Frequency Response Units
Renewables: Integration
& Grid Management
Renewables: Integration
& Grid Management
Agenda
Introduction to BELECTRIC
Challenges for future power grids
BELECTRIC’s solutions for future power grids
Virtual Inertia, Primary reserve, Hybrid Systems,
Frequency Control.
Power factor control
Renewable Energy: Power Factor ControlDecentralized regenerative energy suppliers feed into the
public grid at various network points in a way that is controlled and dependant on energy sources (sun, wind etc.).
Consumers use electricity at different times.
Result:
Differing grid voltages and unpredictable, extreme values can occur
DS = Decentral Power Supplier
C = Power Consumer
Power Plant
Power Plant
Our public grid: Extreme scenariosGrid voltage excess in the event...
of high supply from energy producers
and little consumption,
of high consumer load and little supply from energy producers
Grid voltage moves outside the recommended corridor
Voltage outside the
guideline value
110%
= 253V
100%= 230V
90%= 207V
Voltage corridor (according EN 50160 (UN ± 10%)
Grid stability through reactive powerThrough phase shifting of electricity and voltage
(decentralized provision of reactive power) in the
distribution network, the grid voltage can be raised
and lowered at network points.
Reactive power can compensate for voltage fluctuations in the network.
State‐of‐the‐art reactive power control
Maximum value of reactive power (Q) is dependent on the apparent
power, i.e. on the currently produced energy
S
100%
100%0
S = Apparent powerQ = Reactive powerP = Active power
Variable reactive power
Possible active power during
solar radiation
QP
cos φ= 0.90
Schematic diagram
3.0 MegaWattBlock®: PCUThe Power Conditioning Unit (PCU) includes
Inverter Station
Transformer Station (with 11‐33 kV feed‐in)
Control Unit
Day and Night (24/7) Dynamic Reactive Power Control
Grid stabilization at day and night
S0
Q can be controlled independently from S Q + P <= max. connection output of the unit/PCU
Possible active
power during solar
radiation
QP100%
100%
Active variable reactive power
cos φ= 0.90
schematic diagram
3.0 MegaWattBlock®: Grid controlThe regional power grid of the future
1
Solar power plant: 4 x 3.0 MegaWattBlock with Power Conditioning Unit (PCU)
2
Power Plant Controller (PPC) and grid access point
3
Transformer station
4
AC power line (medium and high voltage grid)
5
Private households
6
Conventional power plant
7
Urban area
8
Industrial area
1
2
3
4
56
7
8
Grid Stabilization: The resultComparison of grid voltage at end consumer (0.4kV network)
Voltage
[V]
Voltage
[V]
Grid voltage WITH reactive power control
Grid voltage WITHOUT reactive power control
State‐of‐the‐art reactive power controlNew feed‐in guidelines for renewable energy production
in Germany: Modern photovoltaic systems have to provide reactive power in normal operation and ‘control’
their own
voltage influence on the network:MV guidelines:
cos φ= 0.95 (inductive) and 0.95 (capacitive)
LV guidelines:
cos φ= 0.90 (inductive) and 0.90 (capacitive)
Reduction in the voltage excursion through reactive
power control of the supply
Large‐
scale
powerplant
Grid Stabilization: Voltage comparisionComparison of grid voltage at end consumer (0.4kV network)
Grid voltage at consumer level with actively controlled reactive
power:
Volta
ge [V
]Vo
ltage [V
]
Grid voltage at consumer level in unregulated operation:
Switching of the transformer level
(110kV/20kV) by the grid provider
Target value of grid voltage set
at 233V
The Result: Stabilized Grid VoltageThe integration of grid‐stabilizing solar power plants…
works – actively – also when the solar power is not available
stabilizes the electricity network with regard to voltage
Saves expansion costs in the distribution & transfer networks
Enables modern grid technologies like high‐temperature low‐sag conductors
And what does this mean for the customers?
…wants to feed into the public grid
– any time of the day
Instable network No feed‐in No solar fees
Grid stabilized network Complete feed‐in High project returnsSolar Power Plant with a high
energy yield…
Typical Reactive Power ControlProblems associated with typical reactive power control:
Reactive power control only functions when the energy producer is available, so when there is solar radiation and/or
wind.
The range of reactive power control only lies between cos φ= 0.90 (inductive) and 0.90 (capacitive) with regard to
output.
The solution: "active" and dynamic reactive power control day and night
Summary
• There are solutions to challenges of future power grids
• Batteries can provide quick frequency response and grid inertia at low cost per kW
• Inverters may provide reactive power
• Batteries in conjunction with mass‐produced inverter technology are economically viable and will lower grid operating cost
• Battery and inverter technology exists and is tested
• Necessary development only concern periphery and controls. Mainly: implementation into “real world”
grid management.
www.belectric.co.uk
The regional grid of the future1
Solar power plant: 4 x 3.0 MegaWattBlock with Power Conditioning Unit (PCU)
2
Power Plant Controller (PPC) and grid connection
3
Transformer station
4
Power line (medium voltage and high voltage grid)
5
External voltage sensor
6
Domestic consumption
7
Conventional large‐scale power plant
8
Urban area
9
Industrial area
1
2
3
4
67
8
9
5
Renewables: Integration into Grid Management
Active reactive power control regulates the grid voltage
and compensates for phase shifting
Passive reactive power control regulates the
grid voltage during power generation
110%
= 253V
100%= 230V
90%= 207V
Grid integration
Voltage corridor (according EN 50160 (UN ± 10%)
Calculation of existing momentum reserve on the European grid:
Assumptions:• standard Siemens generator P=750 MW with mass
moment of inertia J= 19,000 kg*m²• Instantaneous reserve ∆E:
European grid:1. Installed power P1 = 631 GW
J1 = 15,985,333 kg·m²2. Peak load P2 = 390 GW
J2 = 9,880,000 kg·m²
3. Nominal load P3 = 200 GW
J3 = 5,066,667 kg·m²
Possible frequency differences:a. Static ∆f1 = 0.2 Hzb. Dynamic ∆f2 = 0.8 Hz
Available of momentum reserve:2.a ∆E = 1.08 MWh2.b ∆E = 4.30 MWh
3.a ∆E = 0.55 MWh
~ 2 GW for 1 second
Germany: 70 GW mean load 700 MW for 1 second
3.b ∆E = 2.20 MWh
Approx. identical to primary reserve!
Challenge:
Inertia
Integrating Alternative TechnolgiesIdeal Partners:•The Owner or SPV Manager•Competant O&M partner•Solar Farm Technical Designer with HV Competance•PPA Provider