BELAJAR DARIBELAJAR DARIANEKA PENGALAMAN ANEKA PENGALAMAN

PEMULIHANPEMULIHANPASCA-BENCANAPASCA-BENCANA

Forum PRB-DIYForum PRB-DIY4 Januari 20114 Januari 2011

~~Hasan BachtiarHasan Bachtiar

hsbachtiar@yahoo.cohsbachtiar@yahoo.co.id.id

tjak.kasan@gmail.cotjak.kasan@gmail.comm

PILIHAN-PILIHAN PEMBIAYAANPILIHAN-PILIHAN PEMBIAYAAN

ASUMSI YANG KELIRUASUMSI YANG KELIRU

1.1. Political support will be available when Political support will be available when neededneeded..

2.2. Funding will last as long as requiredFunding will last as long as required..3.3. AAlll actors in the process will think alikel actors in the process will think alike..4.4. All agencies concerned will be All agencies concerned will be

competent to carry out required taskscompetent to carry out required tasks..5.5. Physical recovery must precede Physical recovery must precede

economic and social recoveryeconomic and social recovery..6.6. There is no trade-off between speed There is no trade-off between speed

and quality of reconstructionand quality of reconstruction..7.7. Codes and controls will be rigidly Codes and controls will be rigidly

followedfollowed..8.8. Reconstruction is an isolated process Reconstruction is an isolated process

from pre-disaster planningfrom pre-disaster planning..

DILEMA & ALTERNATIFDILEMA & ALTERNATIF

1.1.Survey quickly or survey accuratelySurvey quickly or survey accurately..

2.2.Repair or rebuildRepair or rebuild..

3.3.Rebuild or relocateRebuild or relocate..

4.4.Respond quickly or invite wide Respond quickly or invite wide participationparticipation..

5.5.Create new organizations or rely on Create new organizations or rely on existing onesexisting ones..

6.6.Rely on public or private investmentRely on public or private investment..

7.7.Pursue physical reconstruction or Pursue physical reconstruction or economic reconstructioneconomic reconstruction..

8.8.Use local resources or imported Use local resources or imported resourcesresources..

PRINSIP PANDUAN # 1PRINSIP PANDUAN # 11.1. The planning of recovery needs to be broad The planning of recovery needs to be broad

in scope andin scope and fully integrated.fully integrated.2.2. A balance has to be achieved between the A balance has to be achieved between the

conflicting yetconflicting yet vital processes of reform and vital processes of reform and conservatism.conservatism.

3.3. Reconstruction should not be delayed to Reconstruction should not be delayed to await political,await political, administrative or economic administrative or economic reform.reform.

4.4. Economic recovery should be regarded as a Economic recovery should be regarded as a prerequisiteprerequisite for rapid physical recovery.for rapid physical recovery.

5.5. Reconstruction offers unique opportunities Reconstruction offers unique opportunities to introduce ato introduce a range of measures to reduce range of measures to reduce future risks to persons andfuture risks to persons and property.property.

6.6. The relocation of entire communities is The relocation of entire communities is usually not effectiveusually not effective and is rarely feasible.and is rarely feasible.

PRINSIP PANDUAN # 2PRINSIP PANDUAN # 27.7. Recovery actions can be regarded as a Recovery actions can be regarded as a

therapeutic processtherapeutic process to assist individuals and to assist individuals and their communities to rebuild theirtheir communities to rebuild their lives and lives and livelihoods.livelihoods.

8.8. The basis of effective recovery is the The basis of effective recovery is the availability andavailability and maintenance of an adequate maintenance of an adequate flow of cash and creditflow of cash and credit throughout the entire throughout the entire process of recovery.process of recovery.

9.9. Successful reconstruction is closely linked to Successful reconstruction is closely linked to the resolutionthe resolution of land ownership problems.of land ownership problems.

10.10.To aid recovery it is preferable to maximize To aid recovery it is preferable to maximize the use ofthe use of local resources.local resources.

11.11.Physical recovery is dependent on the Physical recovery is dependent on the development ofdevelopment of effective local institutions as effective local institutions as well as training and leadershipwell as training and leadership at all levels at all levels and in all sectors.and in all sectors.

12.12.Political commitment is vital to ensure Political commitment is vital to ensure effective recovery.effective recovery.

SASARAN PENTINGSASARAN PENTING1.1. Improved understanding and abilities toImproved understanding and abilities to incorporate risk incorporate risk

reduction into recoveryreduction into recovery..2.2. Guidance for officials managing recoveryGuidance for officials managing recovery programmes, programmes,

provided through the benefit ofprovided through the benefit of previous experience previous experience elsewhere; including exampleselsewhere; including examples of previous good of previous good practice.practice.

3.3. Improved global support for more effectiveImproved global support for more effective management of recovery after major disastersmanagement of recovery after major disasters

4.4. Improved evaluation of reasons for loss andImproved evaluation of reasons for loss and damage, damage, and linking that understanding with theand linking that understanding with the perceived perceived needs and already available capacitiesneeds and already available capacities within affected within affected communitiescommunities

5.5. Integrating the range of economic, physical,Integrating the range of economic, physical, economic, economic, psycho-social, environmental andpsycho-social, environmental and administrative administrative dimensions into recovery planning,dimensions into recovery planning, policies and policies and programmesprogrammes

6.6. Development of a framework for future reporting,Development of a framework for future reporting, accumulation, dissemination and realization ofaccumulation, dissemination and realization of disaster disaster recovery experience.recovery experience.

ISU-ISU PENTING UNTUK PENGURANGAN RISIKO ISU-ISU PENTING UNTUK PENGURANGAN RISIKO DALAM UPAYA PEMULIHAN PASCA-BENCANADALAM UPAYA PEMULIHAN PASCA-BENCANA

1.1. Integrating disaster risk reduction into any Integrating disaster risk reduction into any priorprior planning planning of recovery, including its explicitof recovery, including its explicit reference in anticipated reference in anticipated recovery policies.recovery policies.

2.2. Effective risk reduction can only proceed from aEffective risk reduction can only proceed from a prior prior identification and assessment of prevailing oridentification and assessment of prevailing or foreseen foreseen risks, whereas much of the immediaterisks, whereas much of the immediate recovery processes recovery processes are determined by a are determined by a post-factopost-facto assessment of physical assessment of physical losses.losses.

3.3. The systematic incorporation of risk reductionThe systematic incorporation of risk reduction approaches approaches into the implementation of emergencyinto the implementation of emergency preparedness and preparedness and response, and amongst theresponse, and amongst the primary actors involved, primary actors involved, prior prior to their immediateto their immediate engagement in recovery programmes.engagement in recovery programmes.

4.4. The development or strengthening of institutions,The development or strengthening of institutions, legal legal mechanisms and capacities that can buildmechanisms and capacities that can build resilience to resilience to hazards throughout the recoveryhazards throughout the recovery process.process.

5.5. Building risk reduction values and approachesBuilding risk reduction values and approaches into the into the human dimensions of recovery.human dimensions of recovery.

6.6. Ensuring the more tangible aspects of riskEnsuring the more tangible aspects of risk reduction are reduction are applied in the physicalapplied in the physical reconstruction of new buildings andreconstruction of new buildings and infrastructure, while making extra efforts toinfrastructure, while making extra efforts to ensure that ensure that informal structures and local facilitiesinformal structures and local facilities which most people which most people inhabit are also safe andinhabit are also safe and secure.secure.

DRR Principles in Post-Disaster Recovery (2007)DRR Principles in Post-Disaster Recovery (2007)Government of GrenadaGovernment of Grenada’’s Agency for Reconstructions Agency for Reconstruction and and

DevelopmentDevelopment

1.1. An integrated, multidisciplinary and coordinatedAn integrated, multidisciplinary and coordinated approach to disaster risk reduction andapproach to disaster risk reduction and development development planning.planning.

2.2. Enhancing safety standards, includingEnhancing safety standards, including strengthening of strengthening of the regulatory and planningthe regulatory and planning framework for disaster risk framework for disaster risk reduction.reduction.

3.3. Promoting participatory approaches includingPromoting participatory approaches including community mobilization and active civil societycommunity mobilization and active civil society involvement and engagement.involvement and engagement.

4.4. Building local and national capacities forBuilding local and national capacities for increased increased resilience, risk management andresilience, risk management and sustainable sustainable development.development.

5.5. Improving the living conditions of the affectedImproving the living conditions of the affected communities and sectors.communities and sectors.

6.6. Making appropriate information about disasterMaking appropriate information about disaster risks risks available for reconstruction activities.available for reconstruction activities.

7.7. Promoting effective public awareness andPromoting effective public awareness and education, education, taking advantages of ongoingtaking advantages of ongoing initiatives.initiatives.

8.8. Ensuring the inclusion of gender sensitivity.Ensuring the inclusion of gender sensitivity.9.9. Assuring continuous monitoring, evaluating andAssuring continuous monitoring, evaluating and

learning.learning.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR SUKSESFAKTOR-FAKTOR SUKSES1.1. A clear political and operational mandateA clear political and operational mandate supported by supported by

appropriate legislation.appropriate legislation.2.2. Strategic plans for reconstruction and effectiveStrategic plans for reconstruction and effective recovery, recovery,

previously established;previously established;3.3. Adequate financial, human and material resourcesAdequate financial, human and material resources dedicated dedicated

to recovery.to recovery.4.4. Direct links to all line ministries, as well as other,Direct links to all line ministries, as well as other, possibly possibly

external actors or institutions involved,external actors or institutions involved, such as within the such as within the private or commercial sectorsprivate or commercial sectors and parastatal bodies.and parastatal bodies.

5.5. Knowledge of the dynamics of the disasterKnowledge of the dynamics of the disaster recovery process.recovery process.6.6. Mechanisms that permit continual two-wayMechanisms that permit continual two-way consultation with consultation with

all local communities engaged inall local communities engaged in the recovery process, taking the recovery process, taking account of theiraccount of their various degrees of damage and needs.various degrees of damage and needs.

7.7. An effective system to provide disaster recoveryAn effective system to provide disaster recovery management information.management information.

8.8. An ability to engage external organizations whichAn ability to engage external organizations which already already posses required skills and abilities.posses required skills and abilities.

9.9. TThe understanding and abilities to access grants,he understanding and abilities to access grants, loans and loans and other financial sources, derived fromother financial sources, derived from both established both established internal allocations as well asinternal allocations as well as specialized external specialized external opportunities that can ariseopportunities that can arise following a disaster.following a disaster.

KEBERHASILAN PENGELOLAAN KEBERHASILAN PENGELOLAAN PEMULIHANPEMULIHAN

1. Better, more accountable, open and participative government at all levels of activity.

2. An assertion of the importance of ethical standards and professional integrity in public life.

3. Officials, and government practice setting positive standards through tangible examples of good practice.

4. Developing and enforcing an appropriate and realistic set of building by-laws.

5. Public involvement, understanding and acceptance of land-use planning controls.

6. Enhanced and continuous commitments to education and professional training.

7. Readiness to review and as may be required, reform key institutions.

8. Encourage well-informed and well-targeted advocacy by civil society on government.

9. Long term measures to reduce poverty and recognize other forms of inequity within a local society.

POLITIK PENGELOLAAN PEMULIHANPOLITIK PENGELOLAAN PEMULIHAN

1.1. Governments have the responsibility to bringGovernments have the responsibility to bring together together professionals and specialists to support allprofessionals and specialists to support all aspects of the disaster aspects of the disaster management and recoverymanagement and recovery processes.processes. No other entity should be No other entity should be presumed topresumed to replace this fundamental authority and thereplace this fundamental authority and the responsibilities it entails.responsibilities it entails.

2.2. Policy issues largely predominate at the nationalPolicy issues largely predominate at the national level, while level, while district level priorities relate more todistrict level priorities relate more to actions, problem solving and actions, problem solving and regulation.regulation.

3.3. Professionalism and technical skills are crucialProfessionalism and technical skills are crucial resources, best resources, best obtained by recognizing theobtained by recognizing the respective roles of professionals and respective roles of professionals and governmentgovernment officials, and which among them manage theirofficials, and which among them manage their contribution effectively.contribution effectively.

4.4. Many Many potential potential disaster issues are not routinelydisaster issues are not routinely part of most part of most government officials' duties, nor aregovernment officials' duties, nor are they frequent in wider political they frequent in wider political debates. However,debates. However, as soon as a major disaster occurs, they presentas soon as a major disaster occurs, they present numerous challenges to the government.numerous challenges to the government.

5.5. Politicians, political parties and their associatedPoliticians, political parties and their associated staff need to set staff need to set the highest ethical examples.the highest ethical examples.

6.6. Although criticism of government by oppositionAlthough criticism of government by opposition interests can interests can mobilize the government to improvemobilize the government to improve or make remedial actions, or make remedial actions, disasters and theirdisasters and their recovery processes should never become a recovery processes should never become a "playing"playing field for maligning the government for politicalfield for maligning the government for political returns."returns."

7.7. Local politicians often do have an understandingLocal politicians often do have an understanding of their of their constituents at the local level, and this canconstituents at the local level, and this can provide an advantage provide an advantage over technical experts andover technical experts and administrative officers who may be more administrative officers who may be more removedremoved from the field truthing of the affectedfrom the field truthing of the affected communities.communities.

RESOLUSI POLITISRESOLUSI POLITIS

1.1. Recognize disasters are political Recognize disasters are political events.events.

2.2. Accept the political roles in recovery Accept the political roles in recovery management.management.

3.3. Appreciate the value of the insights of Appreciate the value of the insights of politicians,politicians, but also try to understand but also try to understand the contexts whichthe contexts which inform them.inform them.

4.4. Develop appropriate, and balanced, Develop appropriate, and balanced, mechanismsmechanisms to encourage political to encourage political participation.participation.

5.5. Inform technical issues with political Inform technical issues with political wisdom andwisdom and insights.insights.

MODEL-MODEL MANAJEMENMODEL-MODEL MANAJEMENPEMULIHAN PASCA-BENCANAPEMULIHAN PASCA-BENCANA

1.1. No existing prior management No existing prior management structure forstructure for disaster recovery.disaster recovery.

2.2. Work within existing governmental Work within existing governmental structures.structures.

3.3. Form a new recovery task force or Form a new recovery task force or ““specialspecial” ” commission.commission.

4.4. Create a new recovery organization.Create a new recovery organization.

5.5. Create a new recovery organization Create a new recovery organization that evolvesthat evolves into a permanent into a permanent bodybody..