Beirut - May 2009
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Transcript of Beirut - May 2009
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Beirut - May 2009
The Human Impact: Measuring Changes in Clients’ Lives
Jeff ToohigDeputy Director, PPI Deployment
Sanabel 6th Annual Conference
Grameen Foundation on Behalf of Grameen Jameel
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1. Social Performance Management
2. What’s the Progress out of Poverty
Index?
3. What does PPI Data look like?
4. How can PPI data be used?
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Social Performance Management
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Our Perspective on SPMGrameen Foundation mission: to enable
the poor, especially the poorest, to create a world without poverty
• To get there, we must– Help our partners achieve social goals – Promote transparency and accountability– Measure what we value
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Progress Out of Poverty Index™ (PPI)
An objective client poverty assessment and targeting tool, which:– Provides social performance data – Enables MFIs to manage social performance
An inexpensive and easy to collect scorecard– Derived from representative national household
income and expenditure surveys – Comprised of simple, non-financial indicators
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PPI within SPM Context• By tracking poverty levels against other client data,
make key decisions about mission and how to carry it out
• Managing social performance is based on – 1) setting clear social goals and objectives– 2) collecting information to monitor progress
towards these objectives– 3) using information to improve operational and
strategic decision-making.
• Part of a social performance management system that helps advance an the mission.
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Objectives of PPI Use
• Understand poverty levels of clients…
• …And change in those levels• Measure outreach• Use poverty level data to improve
products and services
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What does the PPI look like?
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Indicator Values Points How many people in the family are aged 0 to 17? ≥5 3 or 4 1 or 2 Zero 0 7 16 27
Does the family own a gas stove or gas range? No Yes 0 13 How many television sets does the family own? Zero 1 ≥2 0 9 18 What are the house's outer walls made of? Light (cogon, nipa, or sawali, bamboo,
anahaw) Strong (iron, aluminum, tile, concrete, brick,
stone, wood, asbestos) 0 4 How many radios does the family own? Zero 1 ≥2 0 3 10 Does the family own a sala set? No Yes 0 9 What is the house's roof made of? Light (Salvaged, makeshift, cogon,
nipa, or anahaw) Strong (Galvanized iron, aluminum tile,
concrete, brick, stone, or asbestos) 0 2 What kind of toilet facility does the family have? None, open pit, closed pit,
or other Water sealed
0 3 Do all children in the family of ages 6 to 11 go to school? No Yes No children ages 6-11 0 4 6 Do any family members have salaried employment? No Yes 0 6
Source: Calculations based on the 2002 APIS. Total:
SAMPLE
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PPI in Action
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Indicator Possible response Points Total
1. How many people aged 0 to 17 are in the household?
Five or more 0
Four 4Three 8Two 13One 20None 27
2. What is the household's principal occupation?
A. Labourers (agricultural, plantation, other farm), hunters, tobacco preparers and tobacco product makers, and other labourers
0
B. Others 8
C. Professionals, technicians, clerks, administrators, managers, executives, directors, supervisors, and teachers
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PPI Fundamentals: Basic use
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Client Response
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0
Indicators Points
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Indicator Possible response Points Total
1. How many people aged 0 to 17 are in the household?
Five or more 0
Four 4Three 8Two 13One 20None 27
2. What is the household's principal occupation?
A. Labourers (agricultural, plantation, other farm), hunters, tobacco preparers and tobacco product makers, and other labourers
0
B. Others 8
C. Professionals, technicians, clerks, administrators, managers, executives, directors, supervisors, and teachers
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3. Is the residence all pucca (burnt bricks, stone, cement, concrete, jackboard/cement-plastered reeds, timber, tiles, galvanised tin or asbestos cement sheets)?
A. No 0
B. Yes 4
4. What is the household's primary source of energy for cooking?A. Firewood and chips, charcoal, or none 0
B. Others 5
C. LPG 17
5. Does the household own a television?A. No 0
B. Yes 6
6. Does the household own a bicycle, scooter, or motor cycle?A. No 0
B. Yes 5
7. Does the household own a almirah/dressing table?A. No 0
B. Yes 3
8. Does the household own a sewing machine?A. No 0
B. Yes 6
9. How many pressure cookers or pressure pans does the household own?
A. None 0
B. One 5C. Two or more 9
10. How many electric fans does the household own?A. None 0
B. One 5C. Two or more 9
Total:
PPI Fundamentals: PPI score
8
0
4
5
6
0
3
0
0
531
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PPI Fundamentals: Poverty likelihood
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PPI score of 31
Poverty Likelihood
The client interviewed has a 78% likelihood of falling below the national poverty line and a 22% likelihood of being above it.
PPI ScoreTotal Below
National Poverty Line
Total Above National Poverty
Line
0-4 99.3% 0.7%
5-9 92.5% 7.5%
10-14 91.9% 8.1%
15-19 93.4% 6.6%
20-24 77.6% 22.4%
25-29 76.8% 23.2%
30-34 77.8% 22.2%
35-39 48.6% 51.4%
40-44 48.3% 51.7%
45-49 33.6% 66.4%
50-54 34.4% 65.6%
55-59 22.6% 77.4%
60-64 10.1% 89.9%
65-69 10.1% 89.9%
70-74 6.9% 93.1%
75-79 3.8% 96.2%
80-84 2.1% 97.9%
85-89 0.0% 100.0%
90-94 0.0% 100.0%
95-100 0.0% 100.0%
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PPI Summary• Easy-to-use, inexpensive, transparent, objective
• Estimate likelihood that a household is poor:– Scores work for targeting– Average all clients for portfolio poverty rate– Track over time for progress out of poverty
• Practicality and accuracy – One page, few indicators, simple (whole number) scores– Work in the field on paper in real time (no software required)
• Valid for any program serving the poor, not just microfinance
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How are PPI data used?
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PPI Case Study: ESAF
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Initial Findings
Results of Below $1.25/Day/PPP
ESAF Rural Kerala households: 39.7%
Compared to:Average for all rural Kerala households: 34.1%
ESAF operates within, Kerala, Maharashtra, Madhyapradesh Jharkhand, and Chattisgarh, with 96 branches and 241,788 clients.
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PPI Case Study: Fonkoze
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Poverty Scores of Incoming CLM Members, Solidarity & Ti Kredi (Twoudino) Clients
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49Scores
Fre
qu
en
cy
New Solidarity Clients
CLM Members
Ti Kredi, Twoudino
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Rural Vs UrbanEntering Clients
Urban/Rural Sample Below National Below $1/Day/PPP
Below $2/Day/PPP
Rural 316 30% 45% 92%
Urban 100 12% 17% 75%
Grand Total 416 26% 38% 88%
State Average (Rural) 20% 25% 85%
State Average (Urban) 20% 16% 57%
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Age and PovertyEntering Clients
Age Range NumBelow
$1/Day/PPPBelow
$2/Day/PPP
18<Age<24 63 42% 89%
25<Age<34 212 42% 90%
35<Age<44 106 33% 85%
Age > 45 35 27% 81%
Grand Total 416 38% 88%
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PPI Case Study: NWTF• NWTF in the Philippines
– PPI collected in all branches, every client– Collects additional indicators to refines outreach
and products and services– Compares data by branch to understand what
products and services are most effective
• Outcomes– Changed targets to admit 90% below poverty line
new clients– Adjusted loan size, loan cycle period and possible
pre-payment options
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Data Use and Future Opportunities– Link Social and Financial performance assessment
– Demonstrate ‘blended’ results to donors and investors
– Market to Social Investors
– Disseminate results at all internal levels
– Disseminate results to the industry
– Potential staff incentives input
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www.ProgressoutofPoverty.org
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Progress Out of Poverty Index™