Being and Plenitude: Ontological Cognition in Disney's Fantasia
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Transcript of Being and Plenitude: Ontological Cognition in Disney's Fantasia
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Being and Plenitude:
Ontological Cognition in
Disney's Fantasia
Literature and Cognitive Science Conference
8 April 2006
William L. Benzon
w l b
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An Exercise in
Analytic Description
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Sight, Sound, and Agency
Things move and change.
One scene follows another.
How does each segment of Fantasia ask us to account for these two things?
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The Program
Cognitive Concepts
Fantasia Framed
Four Worlds
Worlds Within Worlds
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Ontology on Two Levels
What kinds of things exist? What is their order among themselves?
What is an ordered world, a Cosmos?
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Ontology in Cognition
physical object
substance form
color shapeweight texture
Piaget: the object = vision + touch
[Information Channels - Cortical Regions]
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talk
empathy
fear
hunger
??
Great Chain of Being
physical
object
substance form
plant
vegetativ
e
soul
animal
sensitiv
e
soul
person
rational
soul
Bloom, D. and D. G. Hays (1978). Designation in English. Anaphora in Discourse. J. V. Hinds, ed. Champaign, Ill., Linguistic Research: 1-68.
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Category Errors
• Trustworthy mush– Mush isn’t something for which it is sensible to assert or
deny trustworthiness
– “Mush” is low in the Great Chain, “trust” is high
• Colorless green ideas sleep furiously
No mere philosophical abstraction; the GCB is embedded in our basic categories of thought.
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Creating Worlds: Films
Images
Sounds
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Perceiving Agency from
Movement
The Smith Experiment (Holland)
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Music in Film and Cartoons
• Historically, music preceded “talkies”
• Standard Categories
– Diegetic: Comes from a source on the screen
– Extradiegetic: Not coupled to screen action
• Cartoons are different
– Music synched to the action, aka mickey-mousing
– Disney developed story and music together
– Silly Symphonies, Merrie Melodies, Looney Tunes, etc.
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Extradiegetic and Synched
“sound-like power in
light”
musical
sound
form
color shapepitch timbre
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Animation is “Ontologically
Active”
Alice’s Wonderland: 1923
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Continuity
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Alice in Cartoonland
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Fantasia (1940)
Present classical music to the masses
and
Create a showcase for animation.
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Musical Program
J. S. Bach: Toccata and Fugue in D Minor
Tchaikovsky: The Nutcracker Suite
Paul Dukas: The Sorcerer's Apprentice
Stravinsky: The Rite of Spring
Intermission: Jam session and soundtrack
Beethoven: Sixth Symphony
Amilcare Ponchielli: Dance of the Hours
Mussorgsky: Night on Bald Mountain
Schubert: Ave Maria
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Succession of Agency
J. S. Bach: Sound in Light
Tchaikovsky: Spirits (Animism)
Paul Dukas: Magic
Stravinsky: Nature
Each segment has a specific implicit ontology to account for change and motion, for agency.
?
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Excursions into Other Worlds
Taylor Talk
“Home Base”
Toccata and Fugue
NutcrackerSuite
Sorcerer'sApprentice
Rite ofSpring
Pastorale
Dance ofthe Hours
BaldMountain
Ave Maria
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Empty Stage
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Musicians in Silhouette
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Musicians, in the Light
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Deems Taylor Approaches
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Deems Taylor Talks
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Deems Taylor
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The Conductor (Stokowski)
And away we go . . . .
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Framing
• No opening and closing credits
• Deems Taylor presents the music to the audience– He faces us
– He addresses us
• We see the musicians– But never as distinct individuals
– Nor even as 3D human bodies
• Leopold Stokowski conducts– He never faces us
– He never addresses us (though he says a word to Mickey)
• But not at the end
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Sound-like Power in Light
Tocotta and Fugue in D Minor
Abstract Music
Real in itself,
doesn’t represent anything
Quasi-abstract visuals
Synched to the music
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Stoki & Co.
Diegetic Music . . . sorta
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Harp
When harp arpeggios are prominent . . .
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Fiddlers
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And more Fiddlers
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Highlights
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Stowki in the Mist
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Clouds
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Clouds, Hills, Fiddles
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Waves
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Flying Discs
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Shadows
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Noodling
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More Noodling
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Rolling Waves
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Mountains
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Gothic Arches
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Sparkles
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What is this?
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Followed by this?
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Followed by this?
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Followed by this?
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Light from Above
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Stoki in Glory
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Abstract, Undifferentiated
• “Eases” you into the Fantasia world
• Tocatta: Orchestra in colored silhouette
• Fugue: Thing-Free quasi-naturalistic images
• Space is undefined
• Quasi-religious imagery
• Music is the only agency, the source of continuity between images
And it is real, right there before your eyes and in your ears.
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“Thing Free” Qualities
“sound-like power in
light”
musical
sound
form
color shapepitch timbre
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Animism: Sprites and Spirits
The Nutcracker Suite
A garden microcosm:
with a field of view measured in inches
Unbounded space
(not vast, but without boundaries)
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Fireflies
Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairies
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Fairies
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How Big?
3” ?
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Mushrooms
Chinese Dance
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Flowers
Dance of the Reed Flutes
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Ballerinas
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On the edge
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Who’s There?
Arabian Dance
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I See You
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All Together
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Busby Berkeley
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Come up and see me some
time
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Cossacks
Russian Dance: Trepak
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Wake Up
Waltz of the FlowersProcession of the Seasons
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Magic Touch
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Flying Seeds
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On Ice
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Snow Flakes
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Ballerinas
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What Hath Disney Wrought?
1 fairies: Nature’s ways
2 anthropomorphic plants: dance
3 plants dance: on water surface
3’ seductive fish: under water
2’ anthropomorphic plants: dance
1’ fairies: Nature’s ways
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Fantasy, Magic, Dreams
The Sorcerer's Apprentice
Controlled Magic, the Wizard
Magic Out of control, the Apprentice (Mickey)
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Conjuror
Yen Sid = Disney
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The Hat
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Hand-Jive
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Ignition
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Follow Me
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Dreamer
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Mickey Conducts (Dream)
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Master and Commander (Dream)
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Wake Up
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Off-screen Mayhem
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Shadows and Repetition
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It’s a Wash
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Parting the Waters
No Hat
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The Look
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Congrats
Breaking Frame
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Another Ring Structure?
1 Sorcerer acts
2 Apprentice acts
3 Apprentice dreams
2’ Apprentice acts
1’ Sorcerer acts
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Emergence: Life on Earth
The Rite of Spring
Story of Life on Earth
“Science, not art, wrote the scenario of this picture. . . . Finally, after about a billion years, certain fish, more ambitious than the rest, crawled up on land and became the first amphibians.”
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Cosmos
forms and unformed substance
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Young Earth
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Volcano
synched to sound pulses
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Under Water
Life: languid liquid floating
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2 Cells
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2 Cells Mingle
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2 Cells Dividing
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4 Cells
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8 Cells
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Dark Cloud
sound synched to cloud
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Life in the Sea
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Metamorphosis
motion compounded with metamorphosis,
and at least two cross dissolves
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Emerging
The transition from sea to land is NOT marked in the music. That is, the music maintains continuity.
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Pterodactyl
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T. Rex
again, strong rhythm
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Sun
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Mark Rothko, 1957
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Earth and Sun
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Earth Obscuring Sun
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Metamorphosis and Identity
Caterpillar and Butterfly
Acorn and Oak
Ugly duckling and the swan
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Metamorphosis = Evolution
• One creature morphs from a sea creature to a land creature
– 2 cross dissolves
• Morphing not marked in the music
• The only such metamorphosis in the film (?)
• Where do we locate the metamorphic agency?
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Recapitulation
Four Worlds in Sight and Sound
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Fluid-Flow
1. Tocatta: a fluid world, music and images are causally linked
2. Nutcracker: water in the middle, sexual mystery
3. Sorcerer: water is out of control
4. Rite: water is the source of life
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Spatial Articulation
1. Tocatta: Qualities, forms, movement, but no/few objects, no frame of reference
2. Nutcracker: Objects, but no boundaries, no global frame of reference
3. Sorcerer: Inside and Outside
4. Rite: Articulated 3D time-space
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Music and Imagery
1. Tocatta: music drives the imagery
2. Nutcracker: music accompanies the imagery
3. Sorcerer: music accompanies the imagery
4. Rite: music is a “metaphor” for a force in the world represented by the imagery
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Direction?
From undifferentiation in the Tocatta to full differentiation in the Rite of Spring
Music is the cause
Fairies are the cause
The mind causes, but cannot control
The cause is in Nature
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Recap & Extension
Worlds Within Worlds
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Sound-in-Light
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Animist Microcosm: The Seasons
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Magic and Fantasy
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Macrocosm: Emergence
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Soundtrack
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Domestic Affairs
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Domestic Affairs
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High Artistry
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Evil Hands
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Evil Perversion
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Evil Hands
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Evil Hands
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Evil Hands
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Reverence
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Fantasia as
Encyclopedia &
Cosmology
Thing-Free Shapes
Microcosm: The Seasons
Magic and Fantasy
Macrocosm: Emergence of Life
Domestic Affairs
High Artistry
Perversion and Evil
Reverence
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The End