Behaviourist Theories
Transcript of Behaviourist Theories
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Behaviourist Theories
GROUP 2
Jaspreet Singh Nandre (20)
Pooja Senapati (30)
Surjya Das (55)
Ravenshaw Management Centre
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What is Behaviourism
Behaviour are acquired as a result ofconditioning
Behaviour can be researched scientificallywithout recourse to inner mental state
Association or reinforcement Primary prerequisites of Behaviourism
Only overt observable Behaviour are studiedand inner state of mind is not taken into
account. Behaviour focuses on a new Behaviour pattern
being repeated until it becomes automatic.
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Purpose of Behaviourism
Behaviours should be observed in a moreobjective manner
To promote desirable Behaviours and
discourage undesirable BehavioursTo treat hordes of mental problems present in
adults and children
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What is Behaviourist Theory
Behaviourist theories oflearning are scientific anddemonstrable explanationsfor simple Behaviours
-Lefrancois (1988)
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Different Behaviourist Theories
Ivan Pavlov (Classical Conditioning) Edward Thorndike
B.F. Skinner (Operant Conditioning)
John B. Watson
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Pavlov (1849-1936)
The Russian physiologist is best known for hiswork in classical conditioning or stimulussubstitution.
Pavlovs most famous experiment involved
food, a dog and a bell.
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Stimulus and Response Items of
Pavlov's Experiment
Food Unconditioned Stimulus
Salivation Unconditioned Response
Bell Conditioned Stimulus
Salivation Conditioned Response
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Other Observations Made by Pavlov
Stimulus Generalization.
Extinction.
Spontaneous Recovery.
Discrimination.
Higher-Order Conditioning.
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Thorndike(1874-1949)
Thorndike believed that a neural bond wouldbe established between the stimulus andresponse when the response was positive.
His theory, connectionism, stated thatlearning was the formation of a connectionbetween stimulus and response.
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Connectionism
The law of effectWhen a connection between a stimulusand a response is positively or negativelyrewarded it will be strengthened
The law of exercise
The more an S-R(stimulus-response) bond ispracticed the stronger it will become
This law had to be updated when Thorndike found
that practice without feedback does notnecessarily enhance performance.
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Behaviourist Theories Of Watson
Learning is a process for enduring change in theorganism Behaviour.
John B. Watson was the first Americanpsychologist, involved in the study of humanBehaviour.
Watsons emotional reaction of love and rageand other stimulus response associating withconditioning.
Watson experiment on a young child and a whiterat
And the result shown fear was more powerfulthen it was
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Contd.
This may explain certain fears, phobias andprejudices that people develop.
Our attitude and emotions are classicalconditioning.
Association between a fear-provoking stimulusand neutral stimulus brings changes inBehaviour pattern.
Principle can used in industries and org.
The positive attitude and emotional aredeveloped towards the objects and events.
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Behaviourist Theories Of Skinner
Skinner stimulus response patternBehaviour. Of conditioned Behaviour
Discarded philosophical and mentalist concept
He experimented on a hungry rat
His theory dealt with changes in observableBehaviour, ignoring the possibility of anyprocesses occurring in the mind.
observation of Behaviour is formed on the
basic of contingency between response andoutcome.
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Contd.
If the Behaviour. Is followed by rewardingcondition, it would be strengthened.
If the Behaviour. Is followed by annoying, itwould be weakness.
Lower the latency, stronger is the learning. As if the response is well-learned, its
extinction is slow.
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Classical
Conditioning - Pavlov
Unconditioned stimulus Unconditionedresponse
(food) (salivation)
Unconditioned stimulus Unconditionedresponse
(food) (salivation)
Conditioned Stimulus
(bell)
Conditioned Stimulus Conditionedresponse
(bell) (salivation)
Response Stimulus
(press lever) (reward and food)
TIME
Conditioned response Conditionedstimulus
(press lever) (reward andfood)
Operant Conditioning
- Skinner
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