GGGB1133 PSIKOLOGI PENDIDIKAN

Behavioral Learning Theory

IZHANI FARHANA BINTI NOR AZAM A143828MARYAM BINTI AZIZAN A143843 NURFARENA NABILAH BINTI NORAZMI A143841 PHEONYSIA ANAK BIDEN A143824

According to Oxford’s Online Dictionary: Behaviour : the way in which one acts or

conducts oneself Learning : the acquisition of knowledge or

skills through study, experience, or being taught

Theory : has the meaning of a supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something,

Meaning of Behavioral Learning Theory

AristotleBehaviorism, as a learning theory, can be traced back to Aristotle, whose essay "Memory" focused on associations being made between events such as lightning and thunder.Other philosophers that followed Aristotle's thoughts are Hobbs (1650), Hume (1740), Brown (1820), Bain (1855) and Ebbinghause (1885) (Black, 1995)

Good & Brophy, 1990The theory of behaviorism concentrates on the study of overt behaviors that can be observed and measured.

Perceptions of Behavioral Learnig Theory by Other Researchers

Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936)Several types of learning exist. The most basic form is associative learning, i.e., making a new association between events in the environment. There are two forms of associative learning: classical conditioning (made famous by Ivan Pavlov’s experiments with dogs) and operant conditioning.

Andrew Lovell (2013)Behavioural learning theory outlines a model of how people learn from their experience, much of our behavioural responses being conditioned by events from our background and early experience

Ivan Pavlov did experiment on classical conditioning.

Dogs salivate as a natural response to food.

History of Behavioral Learning Theory

Edward L. Thorndike did an experiment on connectionism theory on 1898.

His theory was practiced in USA for several decades of the 20th century.

Learning is a connection between stimulus and response.

Classified into 2 laws:1) Law of effect : A connection between

stimulus and response happen and followed by a reward.

2) Law of exercise : The strength of stimulus will increase when the action has been repeated (practice).

B. F. Skinner did an experiment of operant conditioning on 1948.

Suggest 2 types of responses:1) Respondent – Responses that occur to specific

stimulus and focus more on human’s elementary needs.

2) Operant – Occur for no apparent reason. Occurs at random state of human.

3) Preferred the term ‘reinforcement’ because it will increase the number of responses.

Founded by John B. Watson. Born on 9th January 1878. Attend Furman University at 16. Then studied Psychology at the University

of Chicago. Died on 25th September 1958. Interested to further the experiment

started by Ivan Pavlov. The most memorable experiment is “The

Little Albert” experiment.

Founder of Behavioral Learning Theory

The experiment was held by John. B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner on 1920 using a baby.

They named the baby Albert. Claimed that classical conditioning can affect

human’s emotional response. They exposed the boy with different things. They boy showed no response of fear. Then they showed him a rat and the sound of

metal pipe was produced at the same time. The baby cried.

The Little Albert

Classical Conditioning : Classical conditioning is a process that involves

creating an association between a naturally existing stimulus and a previously neutral one. 

Operant Conditioning (Skinner’s theory) : Operant conditioning utilizes reinforcement and punishment to

create associations between behaviors and the consequences for those behaviors.

PRINCIPLES OF BEHAVIORAL

LEARNING THEORY

Stage 1 Before conditioning: The unconditioned stimulus (UCS) produces

an unconditioned response (UCR) in an organism.

Also involves another stimulus which has no affect on a person and is called the neutral stimulus (NS).

Example;

Classical Conditioning

A perfume (UCS) could create a response of happiness or desire (UCR).

Stage 2 During conditioning :

- A stimulus which produces no response (neutral) is associated with the unconditioned stimulus, and becomes conditioned stimulus (CS).

- Example;

Stage 3 After conditioning :

- The conditioned stimulus (CS) has been associated with the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) to create a new conditioned response (CR).

- Example;

Perfume (UCS) might be associated with a specific person (CS).

A person (CS) who has been associated with nice perfume (UCS) is now found attractive (CR).

Teachers have to make sure that students associate positive emotional experiences with learning.

If a student associates negative emotional experiences with school then this can lead to bad results, such as creating a school phobia among the students.

Example; If a student is bullied at school they may learn to

associate school with fear.

Classical conditioning in the classroom

Class Impact

Teachers will be able to understand more about their students more.

When the behaviours are learnt, teachers will be able to mantain the performance of the students.

Generalization will occur.

What are The Effects in The Classroom Learning?

Situation 1:A teacher doesn't know how well or how bad

his students are. Then, he did a study on his students' behaviour.

Impact:The teacher can communicate and deal with

his students better.

Examples

Situation 2The teacher had learn his class's

behaviour.Now he can mantain the improved class

behaviour.

Situation 3The students will be able to apply the

similar knowledge that they gain, but to a different situation.

Behavioral Learning Theory is the learning of behaviour and reaction towards something that they have experienced.

Teachers can learn more about their students when using Behavioral Learning Theory.

Conclusion