Behaviorist Perspective Key Terms Section. Bell Work: Day 1 Behaviorism Get Folders, and labtop 1 st...

Behaviorist Perspective

Key Terms Section

Bell Work: Day 1 Behaviorism Get Folders, and labtop 1st Ten Minutes Reading of Book

Putting off the RR#3 until next Friday: up to Ch.6: so 3,4, and 5

Go to this site http://www.ryerson.ca/~glassman/behavior.html#Self-

Modification : Scroll to bottom and read conclusion.

Agenda Introduce Brief History of Behaviorism Some Key concepts (Goals) Some Key Theorists

Task #1: Read Historical Outline of Behaviorism and Summarize some key finding about how it started

Key Concepts to Understand

Behaviorist Approach Classical Conditioni

ng Operant Conditionin

g Conditioning Learning

Acquisition Response Stimulus Key Figures

Watson Pavlov Skinner

Lesson Closing: Day One

Task #2Go to this website, read the article, click on

the links. http://www.psychologistworld.com/issues/behavi

oralapproach.php?&print=yesWrite down 10 things learned. What are the

basic assumptions of this perspective?

Bell Work: Day 2:

Finish any of Task # 2 if you needGet out notes

Lesson Closing Day 2

Video on Learning “Inside-Out” Learning


Believes people/animals learn to behave in response to their environment; Either by Stimulus-response or reinforcement

Behaviorist Approach

HOME


Learning stimulus-response units of behavior as a result of association

Classical Conditioning

HOME


Anything in an environment that one can respond to.

Stimulus HOME



Any behavior or action

Response

HOME



Relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience

Learning HOME


Refers to the period of time when the stimulus comes to evoke the conditioned response.

AcquisitionHOME



In behavioral psychology, another name for learning

Conditioning HOME


Idea that learning is influenced by rewards or unpleasant consequences.

Operant Conditioning

HOME


Founding Father of Behaviorist Approach. Main goal of Psychology should be the prediction and control of behavior

John Watson

HOME


Began theory of classical conditioning. And started “conditioning” as a form of learning.

Ivan Pavlov

HOME


Developed Operant Conditioning. Brought idea of reinforcement to Behaviorism

B.F. Skinner

HOME


The reappearance of learning, thought to be extinct

Spontaneous Recovery

In-depth concepts


Associated behavioral response to similar stimuli.

Stimulus generalization

In-depth concepts


Stimulus that triggers response automatically (reflex)

Unconditioned Stimulus(UCS)



Automatic response (reflex) to Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)

Unconditioned Response(UCR)



Neutral stimulus; that, through learning, has power to cause a response

Conditioned Stimulus(CS)



Response to a conditioned stimulus (CS)

Conditioned Response

(CR)Classical Conditioning


Learning to respond only to a stimulus that is the same as the original conditioned stimulus

Stimulus Discrimination

In-depth concepts


Losing of a learned behavior by not keeping the conditioned stimulus with the conditioned response

Extinction

In-depth concepts


Something linked in memory or imagination with a thing, person, or

event

Association



Introduced by Ivan Pavlov during his study of digestive systems in animals

Learning through association of an unconditioned response (reflex) with a conditioned stimulus (that was previously neutral)


Important Terms Association Stimulus Unconditioned Stim

ulus Unconditioned Res

ponse

Important Terms Response Conditioned Stimul

us Conditioned Respo

nse Acquisition


In-depth ConceptsStimulus DiscriminationStimulus GeneralizationExtinctionSpontaneous RecoveryExamples

Charades

Example Two volunteers to act out. Class needs to raise hand if they know the answer.

Example #1 Subject has been conditioned to be scared at site of kitten

Example #2: STD Subject has been conditioned to be scared at site of kitten

Example #3: STG Subject has been conditioned to be scared at site of kitten

Example #4 Subject has been conditioned to be scared at site of Beautiful

people.

Charades Example #1

Charades Example #2

Charades Example #3

Classical ConditioningBrief intro Video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cP5lCleK-PM

ExamplesPavlov’s Dog StoryExample

Class Example: School BellPersonal ExampleWater Gun Class Experiment (Tomorrow)

Classical Conditioning: Task #2

Pavlov’s Dog storyPavlov began by ringing a bell around a dog

with no response. He then presented the dog with a bowl of food which caused the dog to begin to naturally salivate. He then rang the bell and presented food together; salivation occurred but b/c of the food. He continually repeated this process until the dog began to associate the bell with the food which would then cause salivation. He can now ring the bell w/out food and the dog will salivate.

Pavlov Experiment

Neutral Stimulus: Bell

UCS: Food

UCR: Salivation

Acquisition: Beginning to

associate bell with food

CS: Bell

CR: Salivation: but now

caused by food

Examples

Personal Example: Task #3

Figure out NS, UCS, UCR, CR, CS, and acquisition point.

When I first got to Concordia I was showering once when I heard someone yell “flush!” I did nothing and then suddenly I was nailed with scorching hot water. Again I was showering and heard someone yell “flush” and again I was scorched with hot water. After a few more times with the same outcome I heard the word flush while showering and jumped out of the shower.

Examples

Personal Example

NS: Word “Flush”

UCS: Hot water

UCR: Jump out of

way/pain

Acquisition: After few more

times being burned CS:

Word “Flush” CR:

Jump out of shower

Examples

Lesson Closing:CC Day one

Task #4: Write down at least two examples when you have either used classical conditioning or been classically conditioned

Bell Work: Day 2 CC

Get a computerLog on go to sharepoint website.Follow Directions on sharepoint after

watergun activityGet worksheets from back ( 2 of them)Sit with 3 o’clock partners

AgendaWatergun activity, Partner activity, online

activities. (online are task #6)

Lesson Closing

Task #5: Internet ActivityWrite what you learned from doing the two

activities on the internet pageHow many trials did it take for you to get

results?What did you have to do to get results?What was the UCR, UCS, CR, and CS of

one of your activities

Bell Work: OC

Task #6http://www.seaworld.org/animal-info/info-

books/training/animal-behavior-&-learning.htmWrite a summary of what you learned from

reading those sections

Key Terms (Op.Cond)

Operant ConditioningB.F. SkinnerPositive ReinforcementNegative ReinforcementPunishmentOmission Training

Bell Work

Log on to computersGo to sharepointClick on assignments; go to todays and

click on the linkTask #7: Then go to this site and read

thru slides: Completion Grade!! Write 3 Things you learnedhttp://bcs.worthpublishers.com/gray/content/psychsim5/launcher.html


Shaping Fixed Ratio Reinforcement Schedule Fixed Interval Reinforcement Schedule Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I_ctJqjlrHA Example

How is dodgeball (the game) a classic example of Operant conditioning?

Positive Reinforcement Hit someone w/ball; stay in longer, less people

Punishment Hit by ball = out of game

Neg. Reinforcement Avoid ball to not be kicked out of game

Classical Conditioning Applications

Behavior Therapies Systematic Desensitization Implosion TherapyAversion Therapy

Operant Conditioning Applications

Behavior Modifications SchoolsToken EconomyProgrammed Learning

B.F. Skinner

Developed idea of reinforcement and helped establish Behaviorist approach, as well as operant conditioning

Omission Training

Procedure that involves withholding reward following a particular response or action.

Example:Come home late and lose car privilegesSpeed and lose personal money

Punishment

practice of imposing something unpleasant or aversive on a person or animal, usually in response to disobedient or morally wrong behavior to discourage its repetition Cussing = soap in the mouthDetention for talking back in class

Positive Reinforcement

Use of a reward in learning, encouraging repetition of that behaviorExample

Candy for good/correct answers


Learning behavior, and is influenced by reward or unpleasant consequence after that behavior.

Negative Reinforcement

Use of unpleasant consequence in learning processExample

Study to avoid failing testObey law to avoid jailEat to avoid starvation

Shaping

Reinforcement of different steps towards the desired behavior

ShapingOp. #2

FR

Reward is given after a fixed number of positive responses; not just one.

Fixed Ratio reinforcement schedule

Op. #2

FI

Reward is given if a desired behavior happens w/in a particular period of time

Fixed Interval Reinforcement

Op. #2

Implosion Therapy

Behavior therapy where someone with a phobia is directly exposed to the feared stimulus until it disappears

Implosion Therapy

Systematic Desensitization

Type of behaviour therapy, where for example a the person's phobia is broken down into the discreet S-R units that make it up. These are ranked from least stressful aspect, to most stressful aspect. The therapist works though each S-R unit helping the person to replace each dysfunctional response of being afraid, with a more functional response of feeling relaxed.

Behavior Therapies

A category of therapies based upon Pavlov's theory of classical conditioning. Includes Systematic Desensitization, Implosion Therapy, and Aversion Therapy

Aversion Therapy

Purpose is to replace a pleasant stimulus-response association with an unpleasant association

Aversion Therapy

Behavior Modification

Therapies based on Operant Conditioning. Includes the Token Economy, and Programmed Learning. Behavior modification concerns the use of reward in the learning process.

Token Economy

Involves the use of a reward in areas like prisons, psych wards, group homes, which is exchanged by the recipient for goods, services etc. The reward or token is only given for desired behaviors.

Programmed Learning

Programmed learning applies the principles of operant conditioning to the learning experience. Used in flexi-learning; distance learning; computer-based learning etc, what is to be learned is divided up into small chunks, or units. Your reward is passing a unit, which allows you to then progress onto the next one. Each unit is a wee bit more difficult than the one that came before.

Behaviorist Perspective Key Terms Section. Bell Work: Day 1 Behaviorism Get Folders, and labtop 1 st...

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