BEHAVIORISMA.J. Covell, Stephanie Jobe, Laura Lumb, Shannon Monteiro, Jonathan White

WHAT IS IT?Laura

BEHAVIORISM IS… The belief that

“people’s behaviors are largely the result of their experiences with environmental stimuli (Ormrod, 2011, p. 286)

Special definition of learning Visible Stimulus/Response

association

KEY TERMS!!

STIMULUS/RESPONSE

CONDITIONING

CONTIGUITY

CLASSIC CONDITIONING

INSTRUMENTAL CONDITIONING

GENERALIZATION

EXTINCTION

REINFORCER (POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE)

PUNISHMENT (PRESENTATION AND REMOVAL)

ENCOURAGING POSITIVE BEHAVIORJonathan

ENCOURAGING PRODUCTIVE BEHAVIORS

B.F. Skinner

Terminal Behavior- Form and frequency of a desired response that a teacher hope to foster through reinforcement

USING REINFORCEMENT EFFECTIVELY

•Specify desired behaviors at the beginning.

•Make sure that all students regularly receive reinforcement for desired behaviors.

•Use extrinsic reinforces only when desired behaviors will not otherwise occur.

•Determine whether particular “reinforcers” are truly reinforcing for students.

USING REINFORCEMENT EFFECTIVELY (CONT.)•Make response-consequence contingencies explicit.

•When you want to encourage the same behavior in a group of students, consider using a group contingency.

•Administer reinforcement consistently until a desired behavior occurs at a desired rate.

•Once a behavior is well established, wean students from extrinsic reinforcement, but do so very gradually.

SHAPING NEW BEHAVIORSShaping- Process of reinforcing successively closer and closer

approximations to a desired terminal behavior

1) Reinforce any response that in some way resembles the terminal behavior.

2) Reinforce a response that more closely approximates the terminal behavior (while no longer reinforcing the previously reinforced response).

3) Reinforce a response that resembles the terminal behavior even more closely.

4) Continue reinforcing closer and closer approximations to the terminal behavior.

5) Reinforce only the terminal behavior.

DISCOURAGING NEGATIVE BEHAVIORStephanie

DISCOURAGING NEGATIVE BEHAVIOR Encourage Extinction

Cues for Inappropriate Behavior

Reinforce Alternative/Incompatible Behavior

Use Punishment when Necessary

STRATEGIES FOR PARTICULARLY DIFFICULT BEHAVIOR Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)

Functional Analysis

Positive Behavioral Support (PBS)

SCENARIOS, PROS & CONSA.J. & Shannon

SMALL GROUP DISCUSSION OF SCENARIOS What would a behaviorist do in this situation?

What do you think of the pros and cons of behaviorism in regards to your scenario?

WHAT DO WE THINK? How does your scenario compare to others?

What are the overall pros and cons of behaviorism?

How should it be used and when should it be avoided?

IMAGES OBTAINED FROM: http://www.jsu.edu/depart/psychology/sebac/Lab-People/jpeg/chamber1.jpg http://trtrifilo.com/SoftChalk%20Lessons/Learning_styles/behaviorism.jpg http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/images/stimresp.jpg http://artfiles.art.com/5/p/LRG/26/2629/KK6MD00Z/tim-laman-pair-of-mandarinfish-swim-close-together-prior-to-spawning-malapascua-island-philippines.jpg http://img.webmd.com/dtmcms/live/webmd/consumer_assets/site_images/articles/health_tools/is_my_dog_normal_slideshow/jiu_rf_photo_of_drooling_chocolate_lab.jpg http://lindseyreadenobles.files.wordpress.com/2009/02/

istock_000002580646small.jpg http://www.deaddino.org/storage/DeadDinosaurLOGO2.jpg http://hayjax.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/shiningtwins.jpg http://www.goprintgo.co.uk/images/sticke.jpg http://www.shermgrafik.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/

2009/02/8baeded0.gif http://cientifica.eu/blog/wp-content/uploads/2007/03/dunce.png http://media.photobucket.com/image/lollipop/manderz-rox_09/lollipop-

1.png

WORKS CITED Steele, M.M. (2005, April 30). Teaching

Students With Learning Disabilities: Constructivism Or Behaviorism? Current Issues in Education [On-line], 8(10). Available: http://cie.ed.asu.edu/volume8/number10/

http://www.scumdoctor.com/psychology/behaviorism/How-Education-Uses-Behaviorism.html