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Transcript of Beef Cattle Production An Introduction cow_calf_pair.gif.
Beef Cattle ProductionBeef Cattle ProductionBeef Cattle ProductionBeef Cattle ProductionAn IntroductionAn IntroductionAn IntroductionAn Introduction
cow_calf_pair.gif
Segments of Segments of the industrythe industrySegments of Segments of the industrythe industry
Cow-calfCow-calf
Stocker/Stocker/
BackgroundingBackgrounding
FeedlotFeedlot
Cow-calfCow-calf
Stocker/Stocker/
BackgroundingBackgrounding
FeedlotFeedlot
Types of Beef Cattle Operations
Beef cattle producers may specialize in one type of cattle operation or combine various types.
1. Cow-Calf Producers- a herd of cows are bred each year to produce calves. These calves are often sold sometime after weaning (6 months to 1 year old animals).
2. Seedstock- also known as purebred breeders. Keeps herds of purebred breeding animals and provide replacement bulls for cow-calf operations. These operations focus more specifically on genetic improvements within a given breed.
Types of Beef Cattle OperationsBeef cattle producers may specialize in one type of cattle operation or
combine various types.
3. Cattle Feeders
i. Stocker Operations- purchase calves from a cow-calf producer and care for them for approximately 5 months (12 months to 17 months of age).
ii. Feedlot- raises large numbers of animals in a more confined area.
a) Animals are fed to a “finished” market weight and then sent to be processed between 18-22 months of age.
b) Feedlot animals are purchased from stockers or cow-calf producers through one of the various types of livestock markets.
Cow/Calf OperationCow/Calf Operation
Breed cows ............... CalvingBreed cows ............... Calving10 mos.10 mos.
““Feeder Calf”Feeder Calf”weaned calfweaned calf~500 lbs.~500 lbs.
Stocker CattleStocker Cattle==
“ “Backgrounding”Backgrounding”
Heavy FeedersHeavy Feeders700 -1000 lbs700 -1000 lbs
FeedlotFeedlotmax intake = max gainmax intake = max gain
Fed or “Fat” CattleFed or “Fat” Cattle(Slaughter Cattle)(Slaughter Cattle)
optimal 1100 - 1300 lbs.optimal 1100 - 1300 lbs.truth 900 -1400 lbs.truth 900 -1400 lbs.
Some other beef Some other beef termsterms
Some other beef Some other beef termsterms
Dry = non-Dry = non-lactatinglactating
Wet = lactatingWet = lactating
open = not open = not pregnantpregnant
cow&calf2.jpg
Beef LifecycleBeef LifecycleBeef LifecycleBeef Lifecycle
Replacement FemalesReplacement Females
283 days283 days
conceptionconception birthbirth
283 days283 days10-14 mos.10-14 mos.
pubertypuberty breedbreed calvecalve22-24 months of age22-24 months of age
Terminal Male or FemaleTerminal Male or Female
283 days283 days
conceptionconception birthbirth
10-14 mos.10-14 mos.
pubertypuberty 12 -14 mos. slaughter12 -14 mos. slaughter900 - 1400 lbs.900 - 1400 lbs.
Beef LifecycleBeef Lifecycle
Processing Beef Products• Feedlots sell animals to packing plants (slaughter houses).
• Most packing facilities process animals into primal cuts and subprimal cuts. These products are sold to retailers and foodservice companies.
• Some packing facilities sell subprimals to meat processors who create value added products such as pre-cooked items, sandwich meat, etc.
• The amount of time involved in producing beef cattle is significantly longer compared to swine and poultry.
• Most beef cattle are grown independently, not on contracts.
Breeds of CattleBreeds of CattleBreeds of CattleBreeds of Cattle
English = come English = come from Englandfrom England
Usually moderate Usually moderate in framein frame
Examples Angus Examples Angus and Herefordand Hereford
Champion Hereford Steer 2007 Scarlet & Gray.jpg
IMG_6997.JPGIMG_6997.JPG
Breeds of CattleBreeds of CattleBreeds of CattleBreeds of CattleContinental = from Continental = from EuropeEurope
Often dual purposeOften dual purpose
Large framedLarge framed
heavier milkersheavier milkers
Examples: Examples: Gelbvieh, Gelbvieh, Limousin, Limousin, Simmental, Simmental, CharolaisCharolais
lightning.jpglightning.jpg
granddaughter.jpggranddaughter.jpg
Breeds of CattleBreeds of CattleBreeds of CattleBreeds of Cattle
English and English and Continental = Bos Continental = Bos taurustaurus
Bos indicus = heat Bos indicus = heat tolerant and tolerant and parasite resistantparasite resistant
From IndiaFrom India
BrahmanBrahman
2009-2nd-Place-Middleweight.jpg2009-2nd-Place-Middleweight.jpg
EPDsEPDsEPDsEPDs
Expected Progeny DifferencesExpected Progeny Differences
Comparison of measurable traits Comparison of measurable traits within breedswithin breeds
Phoenix_epds_1-28-10.jpgPhoenix_epds_1-28-10.jpg
Expected progeny differences
Expected progeny differences
• (EPDs) provide estimates of the genetic value of an animal as a parent. Specifically, differences in EPDs between two individuals of the same breed predict differences in performance between their future offspring when each is mated to animals of the same average genetic merit. EPDs are calculated for birth, growth, maternal, and carcass traits and are reported in the same units of measurement as the trait (normally pounds). EPD values may be directly compared only between animals of the same breed. In other words, a birth weight EPD for a Charolais bull may not be directly compared to a birth weight EPD of a Hereford bull (unless an adjustment is made to account for breed differences).
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