Bed Bugs in Sensitive Environments...books, diaper bags) " Could be in lockers, coat racks, under...
Transcript of Bed Bugs in Sensitive Environments...books, diaper bags) " Could be in lockers, coat racks, under...
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Bed Bugs in Sensitive Environments
Nebraska Extension
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Since 2000, bed bugs have become a problem in the U.S. and other countries
v Today’s bed bugs are resistant to insecticides
v People travel more and move bed bugs from place to place
v Infestations are not identified early when easiest to control
v Established infestations are hard to treat and are expensive
Why?
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Low income families and individuals most at risk
v High density housing Ø Apartment dwellers Ø Refugees/immigrants Ø Subsidized housing
v Homeless shelters and halfway houses
v Elderly Photo: University of
Nebraska–Lincoln
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Problem in high density housing is related to the cost of control
v Landlords and property managers may not be willing to pay for eradication Ø Monthly sprays will not control bed bugs or
prevent them from getting into units v OTC products are pyrethroids and do not
work very well v Some families are living with bed bugs and
cannot afford treatments
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Good housekeeping/cleanliness will not prevent bed bugs
v But, clutter provides bed bug harborage Ø More hiding places means
more bed bugs v Clutter may also prevent
treatments from being effective
Photo: University of Nebraska–Lincoln
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Bed bugs are blood feeders
v Adults are ¼-inch long v Scab colored v Flat, unless they have
recently fed v Prefer human blood,
but will also feed on pets
Photo: Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County
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Hungry bugs most active at night
v Activity period usually begins after people go to bed Ø Exhaled CO2 triggers activity Ø Bed bugs sense and track body heat Ø Detect human smell
ü Bed bugs may hang out in dirty clothes/hampers
v Early morning, bed bugs return to hiding places
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How fast populations grow depends on food and temperature
v Females lay tiny eggs Ø Hatch in ~ 1 week
v Each stage must feed on blood to develop Ø Even after feeding, first
stage bed bug is small v After feeding, each stage
rests for about a week between feedings: Ø Digest blood and molt Egg → nymph → adult → egg = ~ 5-6 weeks
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Bed bug signs: look for black fecal spots near sleeping areas
Edge of mattress
Inside box springs
Photo: Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County
Photo: Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County
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Ticking of box springs
Signs of a bad infestation on a mattress
Photo: Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County
Photo: University of Nebraska–Lincoln
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Most Bed Bugs Will be Found Near Where People Sleep or Rest
v Other hiding places may include: Ø Curtains Ø Door hinges Ø Behind picture frames Ø Baseboard cracks and
crevices Ø Upholstered furniture
Photo: Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County
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Bed Bug Bites
v Age 12-65: ~25% do not react to bite Ø They aren’t bothered by bites
v Elderly (65 + yrs): ~42% don’t react v Bed bugs feed only on exposed skin
Ø Bed bugs don’t crawl under or bite through clothing
v Bites may lined up in a row, singly or more random Ø Any part of the body, except the scalp
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Inflamed, itchy bites
Bite reactions are variable and specific to individuals
v Red spots that don’t itch
v Inflamed itchy bites v Rash v Blisters v Hives P
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Good news: bed bugs don’t transmit diseases
v Secondary infections v Asthma (unlikely, but
reported) v Psychological issues Ø Insomnia Ø Anxiety Ø Stress Ø Emotional distress
Photo: Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County
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Infestation vs. Introduction
v “Infestation”--where people sleep nearly every night or regularly Ø Box springs, mattress,
and other places near where people sleep
Ø Sofas and upholstered furniture
With unlimited food → bed bug populations increase
Photo: Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County
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What’s an Introduction? v A bed bug “dropped” by a person who spends
time in an infested place Ø Locations:
ü Schools, childcare facilities, workplaces, doctor’s offices.
Ø Kids coming to school or childcare center Ø Adults going to work or other locations Ø People don’t sleep at night in schools and childcare
facilities. If the bugs can’t feed, they can’t multiply. Ø Single bed bugs are scattered in different locations
Insecticides are rarely helpful in these locations and should be avoided
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How do bed bugs get in schools, childcare centers and other places?
v From people carrying bugs on their clothing or in other items (backpacks, books, diaper bags) Ø Could be in lockers, coat racks, under desks Ø Individual bugs, not breeding populations
v Employees (with infestations at home) bring them to work
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Possible actions….
v Bag or put students’ personal belongings, clothing, purses, backpacks in sealed plastic tote until they leave for home
v Isolate outerwear from that of others v There is a social stigma with bed bugs so
confidentiality is important
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Hot and cold temps kill bed bugs v Heat: 120◦ F (short time) v Cold: 0◦ for 4 days
v Wash with detergent in hot water (140◦F) AND/OR
v Dry in a medium-hot dryer for 30 minutes
So...laundering washable items can be helpful
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Canine detection
v Dogs can be specially trained to detect bed bugs
v Locate single bugs or infestations
v “Hits” should always be verified by handler or a pest control technician
Photo: Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County
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Preventing Bed Bugs
v Be careful where you sleep Ø Inspect beds when you travel Ø Behind headboard
ü Remove from wall Ø Remove bedding, look for
fecal spots Ø Don’t put luggage/computer
cases or purses on the floor
Photo: Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County
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Preventing Bed Bugs at Home v After traveling:
Ø Inspect clothing, toiletries or luggage before coming inside
Ø Or, seal clothing in plastic bags and later launder or run through hot dryer
Ø Use duffel bags (can be placed in a dryer)
Photo: University of Nebraska–Lincoln
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Avoid used furniture, even if it looks good
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Be aware of overnight visitors staying in your home v Recent travelers v Apartment
dwellers or those who live in group homes Ø College kids
Photo: Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County
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Treatments v Bed bugs are resistant to over-the-counter
liquid treatments Ø Foggers do not work! Ø Most insecticides do not kill bed bugs after they dry
v Best to hire an experienced professional to evaluate the situation and recommend action Ø Professional-use insecticides more effective than
OTC Ø Professionals have proper application equipment Ø Professionals licensed to apply them safely
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In Conclusion: v Fear of bed bugs may result in
unnecessary treatments in locations like schools and childcare facilities
v Experts have rarely, if ever, found a bed bug infestation in a school, daytime daycare facility or other places where no one sleeps at night
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Credits v Content Specialist
Ø Barbara Ogg, Nebraska Extension Educator Emeritus v Content Editor
Ø Erin Bauer, Nebraska Extension v Photos
Ø Barbara Ogg, Nebraska Extension Educator Emeritus Ø Wayne Ohnesorg, Nebraska Extension Ø Vicki Jedlicka, Nebraska Extension in Lancaster
County Ø Erin Bauer, Nebraska Extension
Note: Photos not credited are public domain/clipart