Becta Vms
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Using standards to makevocabularies available.
The Becta VMS(Vocabulary Management Service)
Mike Taylor<[email protected]>
Giraffatitan brancai reconstruction from Paul (1988)
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Contents
Vocabularies
Becta
The Becta Vocabulary Management Service
The Zthes XML format
The Zthes web service
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Contents
Vocabularies
Becta
The Becta Vocabulary Management Service
The Zthes XML format
The Zthes web service
So what?
What now?
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Vocabularies
Vocabularies are sets of terms used to tag documents.
Their use increases both recall and precision of searching.
At the simplest level, all Flickr tags form a vocabulary.
Richer vocabularies have semantics and structure.
Thesauri, taxonomies, ontologies, authority lists andcontrol lists are all more or less the same thing asvocabularies. (Purists will hate me for saying that.)
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Semantics and structure
Terms may carry scope notes.
Terms may be listed with synonyms.
Links may exist between terms:BT (broader term) e.g. cat BT vehicleNT (narrower term) e.g. animal NT dogUF (use for, preferred term) e.g. dog UF houndUSE (non-preferred term) e.g. hound USE dogRT (related term) e.g. vehicle RT travel
Mappings to other languages are possible.
(Some semantics and structure can be induced byusage patterns in unstructured vocabularies.)
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Sample terms from a vocabulary
dog:UF hound, canineBT animalNT dachsund, dalmatian, poodleScope note: includes domestic dogs only;
wolves and African hunting dogs arelisted separately.
animal:UF creature, beast, bruteBT organismNT dog, cat, Brachiosaurus altithorax, slugRT life
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Searching with a vocabulary
Two main ways to use a vocabulary:
1. Visible to the user. Can be browsed to findsuitable search terms.
2. Behind the scenes: non-preferred terms mappedto preferred terms or synonyms expanded.
Expansion of query terms can include expansionto broader and narrower terms, or translated terms.
Relevance ranking can take term-closeness into account.
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Becta
British Educational Communications and Technology Agency.
An agency of the Department of Education and Skills.
Oversees procurement of IT equipment for schools.
In charge of e-learning strategy.
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Becta VMS
Creating vocabularies is a pain.
Tools are expensive.
Becta needed to facilitate vocabulary creationfor Curriculum Online.
Created the Vocabulary Management System (VMS)-- Studio (not available without training)-- Bank: http://bank.vocman.com/-- Spine
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Vocabulary bank
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Vocabulary bank
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Downloaded XML<Zthes xmlns:dc='http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1'> <thes> <dc:title>Early Years Foundation Stage</dc:title> <dc:description>Curriculum guidance for the Foundation Stage in England</dc:description> <dc:date>22/10/2007</dc:date> <dc:identifier>eyfs</dc:identifier> <dc:language>En-GB</dc:language> <thesNote label='version'>1.0</thesNote> <thesNote label='globallyUniqueId'>1001-eyfs</thesNote> <thesNote label='authority' vocab='0001-Authority'>QCA</thesNote> </thes> <term> <termId>000639</termId> <termName>Early Support</termName> <termType>PT</termType> <termLanguage>En-GB</termLanguage> <termSortKey>3</termSortKey> <termNote label='globallyUniqueId'>1001-000639</termNote> <termNote label='authority' vocab='0001-Authority'>QCA</termNote> <termNote label='source'>1001-eyfs</termNote> <termNote label='curriculumType' vocab='0001-CurriculumType'>category2</termNote> <relation> <relationType>BT</relationType> <termId>000635</termId> <termName>Inclusive Practice</termName> <termType>PT</termType> <termLanguage>En-GB</termLanguage> </relation> [...] </term> [...]
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Downloaded XML: the vocabulary<Zthes xmlns:dc='http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1'> <thes> <dc:title>Early Years Foundation Stage</dc:title> <dc:description>Curriculum guidance for the Foundation Stage in England</dc:description> <dc:date>22/10/2007</dc:date> <dc:identifier>eyfs</dc:identifier> <dc:language>En-GB</dc:language> <thesNote label='version'>1.0</thesNote> <thesNote label='globallyUniqueId'>1001-eyfs</thesNote> <thesNote label='authority' vocab='0001-Authority'>QCA</thesNote> </thes> <term> <termId>000639</termId> <termName>Early Support</termName> <termType>PT</termType> <termLanguage>En-GB</termLanguage> <termSortKey>3</termSortKey> <termNote label='globallyUniqueId'>1001-000639</termNote> <termNote label='authority' vocab='0001-Authority'>QCA</termNote> <termNote label='source'>1001-eyfs</termNote> <termNote label='curriculumType' vocab='0001-CurriculumType'>category2</termNote> <relation> <relationType>BT</relationType> <termId>000635</termId> <termName>Inclusive Practice</termName> <termType>PT</termType> <termLanguage>En-GB</termLanguage> </relation> [...] </term> [...]
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Downloaded XML: a term<Zthes xmlns:dc='http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1'> <thes> <dc:title>Early Years Foundation Stage</dc:title> <dc:description>Curriculum guidance for the Foundation Stage in England</dc:description> <dc:date>22/10/2007</dc:date> <dc:identifier>eyfs</dc:identifier> <dc:language>En-GB</dc:language> <thesNote label='version'>1.0</thesNote> <thesNote label='globallyUniqueId'>1001-eyfs</thesNote> <thesNote label='authority' vocab='0001-Authority'>QCA</thesNote> </thes> <term> <termId>000639</termId> <termName>Early Support</termName> <termType>PT</termType> <termLanguage>En-GB</termLanguage> <termSortKey>3</termSortKey> <termNote label='globallyUniqueId'>1001-000639</termNote> <termNote label='authority' vocab='0001-Authority'>QCA</termNote> <termNote label='source'>1001-eyfs</termNote> <termNote label='curriculumType' vocab='0001-CurriculumType'>category2</termNote> <relation> <relationType>BT</relationType> <termId>000635</termId> <termName>Inclusive Practice</termName> <termType>PT</termType> <termLanguage>En-GB</termLanguage> </relation> [...] </term> [...]
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Downloaded XML: a relation<Zthes xmlns:dc='http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1'> <thes> <dc:title>Early Years Foundation Stage</dc:title> <dc:description>Curriculum guidance for the Foundation Stage in England</dc:description> <dc:date>22/10/2007</dc:date> <dc:identifier>eyfs</dc:identifier> <dc:language>En-GB</dc:language> <thesNote label='version'>1.0</thesNote> <thesNote label='globallyUniqueId'>1001-eyfs</thesNote> <thesNote label='authority' vocab='0001-Authority'>QCA</thesNote> </thes> <term> <termId>000639</termId> <termName>Early Support</termName> <termType>PT</termType> <termLanguage>En-GB</termLanguage> <termSortKey>3</termSortKey> <termNote label='globallyUniqueId'>1001-000639</termNote> <termNote label='authority' vocab='0001-Authority'>QCA</termNote> <termNote label='source'>1001-eyfs</termNote> <termNote label='curriculumType' vocab='0001-CurriculumType'>category2</termNote> <relation> <relationType>BT</relationType> <termId>000635</termId> <termName>Inclusive Practice</termName> <termType>PT</termType> <termLanguage>En-GB</termLanguage> </relation> [...] </term> [...]
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The Zthes formatAn open, freely available, specification:
http://zthes.z3950.org/
Very simple – no attempt to generalise.
In use by various organisations in different domains:Becta (education)Synapse/Factiva (business intelligence)ELVIS/Decomate II/Elise II (European projects)Natural History Museum (biological taxonomy)OCLC (libraries)
Was considered (along with SKOS and MARC authorities)by the BS 8723-5:2007 part 5 committee.
Defeated by NIH syndrome.
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The Z in Zthes ... some history
Zthes started life as a Z39.50 profile in 1999.(ANSI/NISO Z39.50 is a venerable search/retrieve standard.)
Zthes was quickly expanded by the addition of an XML format.
An SRU profile for Zthes followed in 2003.(SRU is Search/Retrieve via URL.)
XML format and SRU profile are currently at v1.0 (2006).
Some small additions on the way to support OCLC's use.
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Zthes SRU in the Becta VMS
Requests are REST-like URLs:
http://bank.vocman.com/bank-webapp/sru/CurrentTermsoperation=SearchRetrievemaximumRecords=10recordSchema=zthesquery=zthes.relType="BT" and
zthes.termGuid="1000-KSWO-0005"
Search for records related by “BT” (broader term) to the termwith identified “1000-KSWO-0005”, and return the first ten.
query contains a CQL query: simple but powerful.
(This URL omits SRU's version parameter – naughty!)
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Zthes SRU response
<srw:searchRetrieveResponse xmlns:srw='http://www.loc.gov/zing/srw/'> <srw:version>1.1</srw:version> <srw:numberOfRecords>1</srw:numberOfRecords> <srw:records> <srw:record> <term xmlns:k-int='http://www.k-int.com/' xmlns:dc='http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/'> <termId>KSWO-0005</termId> <termName>Working in groups</termName> <termType>PT</termType> <termNote label='source'>1000-QCA Metadata Standard: XTags</termNote> <termNote label='authority' vocab='0001-Authority'>QCA</termNote> <termNote label='globallyUniqueId'>1000-KSWO-0005</termNote> <k-int:termRevisionNumber>0</k-int:termRevisionNumber> <k-int:termInstanceId>8931</k-int:termInstanceId> <relation> <relationType>BT</relationType> <termId>KSWO</termId> <termName>Key Skills: working with others</termName> </relation> </term> </srw:record> </srw:records></srw:searchRetrieveResponse>
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Zthes SRU response: vehicle
<srw:searchRetrieveResponse xmlns:srw='http://www.loc.gov/zing/srw/'> <srw:version>1.1</srw:version> <srw:numberOfRecords>1</srw:numberOfRecords> <srw:records> <srw:record> <term xmlns:k-int='http://www.k-int.com/' xmlns:dc='http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/'> <termId>KSWO-0005</termId> <termName>Working in groups</termName> <termType>PT</termType> <termNote label='source'>1000-QCA Metadata Standard: XTags</termNote> <termNote label='authority' vocab='0001-Authority'>QCA</termNote> <termNote label='globallyUniqueId'>1000-KSWO-0005</termNote> <k-int:termRevisionNumber>0</k-int:termRevisionNumber> <k-int:termInstanceId>8931</k-int:termInstanceId> <relation> <relationType>BT</relationType> <termId>KSWO</termId> <termName>Key Skills: working with others</termName> </relation> </term> </srw:record> </srw:records></srw:searchRetrieveResponse>
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Zthes SRU response: payload
<srw:searchRetrieveResponse xmlns:srw='http://www.loc.gov/zing/srw/'> <srw:version>1.1</srw:version> <srw:numberOfRecords>1</srw:numberOfRecords> <srw:records> <srw:record> <term xmlns:k-int='http://www.k-int.com/' xmlns:dc='http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/'> <termId>KSWO-0005</termId> <termName>Working in groups</termName> <termType>PT</termType> <termNote label='source'>1000-QCA Metadata Standard: XTags</termNote> <termNote label='authority' vocab='0001-Authority'>QCA</termNote> <termNote label='globallyUniqueId'>1000-KSWO-0005</termNote> <k-int:termRevisionNumber>0</k-int:termRevisionNumber> <k-int:termInstanceId>8931</k-int:termInstanceId> <relation> <relationType>BT</relationType> <termId>KSWO</termId> <termName>Key Skills: working with others</termName> </relation> </term> </srw:record> </srw:records></srw:searchRetrieveResponse>
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So what?
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So what?
The advantage that all web services bring:loose coupling.
As useful as the Becta VMS Bank is, it is not theonly useful application of the vocabularies.
Using the Zthes/SRU web service, anyone can makeapplications that search and navigate vocabularies.
(And they should work with other Zthes/SRU vocabularies.)
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So what?
The advantage that all web services bring:loose coupling.
As useful as the Becta VMS Bank is, it is not theonly useful application of the vocabularies.
Using the Zthes/SRU web service, anyone can makeapplications that search and navigate vocabularies.
(And they should work with other Zthes/SRU vocabularies.)
I will not insult your intelligence by using the word “mashup”.
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What now?
Becta has to demonstrate that its facilities are useful ...
... which means it has to make them useful.
– Do these facilities help you?– If so, how might you use them?– If not, could they be made useful?– How?
Feedback, please!– Talk to me.– Email me on <[email protected]>– http://www.surveymonkey.com/s.aspx
?sm=YJt7RtxHmJQEgQFvXHZSTQ%3d%3d