American History Content Statement 7 Mr. Leasure 2014 - 2015 Harrison Career Center.
Becoming a World Power Mr. Leasure December 2013 Harrison Career Center.
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Transcript of Becoming a World Power Mr. Leasure December 2013 Harrison Career Center.
![Page 1: Becoming a World Power Mr. Leasure December 2013 Harrison Career Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e2a5503460f94b17fee/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Becoming a World Power
Mr. Leasure
December 2013
Harrison Career Center
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Becoming a World Power Student Objective
• The student will understand the growing expansionism that shaped United States foreign policy and led to the acquisition of new territories during the late 1800s and 1900s.
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The United States Continues to ExpandThe United States expanded its interest in world affairs and acquired new territories. During this period, the United States acquired Alaska and Hawaii.
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The United States Continues to Expand
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The United States Continues to Expand
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The United States Continues to Expand
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Reasons for U.S. Expansion
• Americans had always sought to expand the size of their nation. Throughout the 19th century, they extended their control toward the Pacific Ocean.
• By the 1880’s, many leaders became convinced the U.S. should join the imperialist powers of Europe and establish colonies overseas.
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Reasons for U.S. Expansion
• Imperialism – the policy by which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or militarily control over weaker territories – was a trend around the world.
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Reasons for U.S. Expansion
• European nations had been establishing colonies throughout Africa since the 1800’s and it was the major area of European colonization.
• By the start of the 1900s, only two African nations remained independent – Ethiopia and Liberia.
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Reasons for U.S. Expansion
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Reasons for U.S. Expansion
• Imperialist countries also competed for territory in Asia, especially in China.
• European nations had to compete with Japan, which had also become a world power by the end of the 1800s.
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Reasons for U.S. Expansion
• Most Americans gradually came to approve the idea of expansion overseas.
• Three factors helped to fuel the development of American Imperialism.
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Reasons for U.S. Expansion
• ECONOMIC INTEREST – Leaders argued the expansion would increase the U.S. economy.
• New colonies could mean cheaper raw materials for American industries and new markets for American companies.
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Reasons for U.S. Expansion
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Reasons for U.S. Expansion
• MILITARY INTEREST – Leaders argued economic interest and military interest went hand in hand.
• U.S. leaders argued the U.S. should follow the European example and establish a large military presence overseas.
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Reasons for U.S. Expansion
• BELIEF IN CULTURAL SUPERIORITY – Many Americans believed that their government, religion, and even race were superior to those of other societies.
• Some people hoped to spread democratic ideals and Christianity overseas.
• Racist ideas about the inferiority of the nonwhite populations in many foreign countries were also used to justify American Imperialism.
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Reasons for U.S. Expansion
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Reasons for U.S. Expansion
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Reasons for U.S. Expansion
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Reasons for U.S. Expansion
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Reasons for U.S. Expansion
• Each of these developments – economic interests, military interest, and a belief in cultural superiority led the United States to a larger role on the world stage.
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Seward and Alaska
• A strong backer of expansion was William Seward, Secretary of State under both Presidents Lincoln (16th) and Andrew Johnson (17th).
• Seward made his biggest move in 1867 when he purchased Alaska from Russia for 7.2 million dollars.
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Seward and Alaska
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Seward and Alaska
• At the time, not everyone was pleased by Seward’s purchase.
• Even so, the purchase of the resource-rich territory turned out to be a great bargain for the United States.
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Seward and Alaska
• Throughout is career, Seward continued to pursue the acquisition of new territory.
• Before he retired in 1869, Seward considered acquired the Hawaiian Islands, a group of islands in the central Pacific Ocean.
• This would NOT happen for almost 30 more years.
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Seward and Alaska
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The Annexation of Hawaii
• In the early 1800s, Christian missionaries from the U.S had moved to the Kingdom of Hawaii to cover the local population.
• Some of the missionaries descendants started sugar plantations and by the late 1800s, the wealthy planters dominated Hawaii’s economy.
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The Annexation of Hawaii
• In 1891, Queen Liliuokalani became the leader of Hawaii. Believing that planters had too much influence, she wanted to limit their power.
• Around the same time, U.S. trade laws changed to favor sugar grown exclusively in American states.
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The Annexation of Hawaii
• American planters in Hawaii were upset by these threats to their political and economic interests.
• In January of 1893, they staged a revolt...
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The Annexation of Hawaii
• With the help of the U.S. Marines, they overthrew the queen and set up their own government. Then they asked to be annexed by the United States.
• In 1887, the U.S. already pressured Hawaii to allow a U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, the kingdom’s best port.
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The Annexation of Hawaii
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The Annexation of Hawaii
• The base became an important refueling station for the U.S. and their ships bound for Asia.
• Thus, when President Benjamin Harrison (23rd) received the planters request for annexation and in 1893 he gave his approval and sent the treaty to the Senate for approval.
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The Annexation of Hawaii
• Before the Senate could act, Grover Cleveland was elected POTUS and did not approve of the planters actions.
• He withdrew the treaty and Hawaii would not be annexed until 1898, during the Spanish – American War.
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The Spanish American WarIndependence movements in Spanish colonies led to the Spanish-American War in 1898. U.S. involvement in Latin America and Asia expanded greatly after the Spanish-American War.
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Rebellion Against Spain
• The Spanish Empire was crumbling at the end of the 19th century. By the 1890’s, it only had a few colonies.
• Among them were the Philippine Islands in the Pacific and the Caribbean islands of Cuba and Puerto Rico.
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Rebellion Against Spain
• Many of the inhabitants of these colonies had started to demand independence.
• Cubans had revolted against Spain several times in the second half of the 19th century. Each time, Spanish soldiers defeated the rebels.
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Rebellion Against Spain
• In 1895, another Cuban revolt started and the Spanish retaliated by forcing many Cubans from their homes and placing them in camps guarded by Spanish Troops.
• Thousands died of starvation and disease in the camps.
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Rebellion Against Spain
• The revolt in Cuba caused alarm in the United States.
• Business leaders were concerned because the fighting disrupted U.S. trade with Cuba.
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Rebellion Against Spain
• Most Americans became outraged when the press started to describe the brutality of Spanish officials.
• The two New York newspapers ere able to attract readers by bringing stories that described – and often exaggerated – news about Spanish cruelty.
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Rebellion Against Spain
• The two New York Newspapers were the New York Journal and The World.
• This sensation style of writing is known as yellow journalism.
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The United States Goes to War
• President McKinley, the POTUS in 1898, did not want war.
• Even so, public opinion – stirred by sensational newspaper reports – forced McKinley to take action.
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The United States Goes to War
• In January 1898, McKinley sent the U.S.S. Maine to Cuba. Riots had broken out in the capital and the battleship was dispatched to protect U.S. citizens.
• The following month, the U.S.S. Maine exploded and sank in Havana's harbor killing 260 sailors.
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The United States Goes to War
• No one knows what caused the explosion. Most historians today argue it was an accident.
• Even so, the U.S. blamed Spain.
• “To hell with Spain, Remember the Maine!” became a call to arms.
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The United States Goes to War
• On April 20, 1898, McKinley signed a resolution that called for Cuban independence and demanded the withdraw of Spanish forces from the island within three days.
• Spain refused and the Spanish-American War started.
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The War in the Philippines
• The U.S. went to war to fight for Cuban independence but the first major battle of the war took place on the other side of the world – the Philippine Islands.
• Many Filipinos, as the inhabitants of the island were called, had also revolted against Spanish rule in 1890.
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The War in the Philippines
• The Battle in Manila Bay began early on the morning of May 1, 1898.
• By a little past noon, the American naval forces had destroyed the Spanish fleet.
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The War in the Philippines
• About 380 Spanish sailors were dead or wounded.
• No American sailors had died.
• Aided by Filipino rebels, the U.S. took control of Manila in August.
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The War in the Caribbean
• When the war started, the U.S. Army had only 28,000 soldiers.
• Within four months of the start of the war, the U.S. Army had more than 200,000 soldiers.
• Among the new recruits was future POTUS, Teddy Roosevelt.
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The War in the Caribbean
• Roosevelt helped to organize the First U.S. Volunteer Cavalry nicknamed the Rough Riders.
• It’s recruits included miners, college students, New York policemen, athletes, and Native Americans.
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The War in the Caribbean
• The Rough Riders set out for Santiago, a Spanish stronghold in southern Cuba.
• In order to gain control of Santiago's port, the American troops had to capture San Juan Hill.
• They attacked the Spanish on July 1 and captured the hill.
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The War in the Caribbean
• Two days later, American ships destroyed Spain’s naval fleet as it tried to escape Santiago harbor.
• A week later, U.S. forces captured Puerto Rico.
• On August 12, 1898, Spain signed a truce. For Spain, four centuries of glory had come to an end.
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Results of the War
• Although the war had been fought over Cuba, U.S. leaders demanded that Spain gave up other colonies after the war – including Puerto Rico, the island of Guam, and the Philippines.
• Spain had no choice but to agree. The final peace treaty was signed on August 12, 1898.
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Results of the War
• The Philippines became an American colony and the Filipinos were angry because they believed they would achieve independence after the war.
• The U.S. was reluctant to grant full independence to Cuba.
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Results of the War
• First, Cuba had to add the Platt Amendment to its constitution. This gave the U.S. the right to intervene in Cuban affairs any time there was a threat to “life, property, and individual liberty”.
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Results of the War
• Cuba also had to allow a U.S. naval base at Guantanamo Bay.
• Puerto Rico became an American territory. The U.S. set up a government and appointed the top officials. Puerto Ricans had little to say in their on affairs until 1917.
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U.S. Involvement Overseas
In the early 1900s, the U.S. sexpanded its involvement in Asia and Latin America. The U.S. still trades extensively with Asian and Latin American countries.