BECKERBI...BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc. Swirling Flask Dispersant Effectiveness Test using (1-10)...

ACCELERATING BIOREMEDIATIONUSING A PARTICULAR SURFACTANT

BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.

By R.F. (Bob) Becker P.Eng. QEP

President, Becker Environmental 7 252 Windermere Rd. SW

Calgary, Alberta, Canada T3C 3L1 Email [email protected]

Phone 403-242-8144 For

RemTECH Conference Banff, Alberta Canada October 16 � 18, 2002

DISPOSITIONOF NAPL�SIN THE SOIL

MATRIX



SurfactantsSurfactants

*MonomersMonomers

*MicroemulsionsMicroemulsions

*MicellesMicelles

USING A SURFACTANT



Swirling Flask Dispersant Effectiveness Test using(1-10) South Louisiana Crude

40 CFR Part 300requires 45%minimum oildispersion to lower30 mls.

% Oil in the lower30 mls. of currentlisted dispersants asof 3/97

BioSolveBioSolve (1-5) does not sink oils like dispersants (1-10) are designed to (1-5) does not sink oils like dispersants (1-10) are designed todo. Even at twice the concentration.do. Even at twice the concentration. BioSolve BioSolve is designed to allow the is designed to allow thehydrocarbons to remain buoyant for recovery or biodegradationhydrocarbons to remain buoyant for recovery or biodegradation..

CO2 CONVERSION WITH & WITHOUT SURFACTANT


0

20

40

60

0 18 28 47 68Bacteria Only

.5%BioSolve

Bacteria Only

.5%BioSolve

Time (Hours)

%Conversion to CO2


MICROBIOLOGICAL ENUMERATION ofHYDROCARBON DEGRADERS

0

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

2500000

3000000

3500000

4000000

4500000

Day 0 Day 7 Day 28

Co

ntr

ol

Nu

trie

nt

Bio

Sol

ve

Control

Nutrient

BioSolve

Organisms/ml


SURFACTANT EFFECT onALKANE DEGRADATION

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Day 0 Day 7 Day 28

Bio

Sol

ve

Nut

rien

t

Con

trol

BioSolveNutrientControl

Total Alkanes (PPM)

• MIX SOIL & DIVIDED INTO TWO = PARTS


PROTOCOL for CO2 PRODUCTIONTESTS USING SURFACTANT

•ADD = PARTS RADIOACTIVE CARBON MARKEDCONTAMINANT

•ADD = PARTS WATER, ONE PART WATER ONLY ANDPART WATER + SURFACTANT

•ENCLOSE AND MEASURE CO2 CONVERSION

•5 TESTS W/ DIFFERENT CONTAMINATES AND/ORDIFFERENT LEVELS OF CONTAMINATION


TEST #1. LIGHT REFINED HYDROCARBONNAPTHALENE DEGRADIATION

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

TIME IN DAYS

%LA

BEL

CONV

ERSI

ON

TO C

O2

surfactant

control

control max


TEST #2 CRUDE OIL CONTAMINATION

C16 HC DEGRADIATION

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

TIME IN HOURS

% L

ABEL

CON

VERS

ION

TO C

O2

surfactant

control

control max

TEST #3 HEAVY CRUDE OIL ON WET SOIL


DISSOLVED C18 HC (10,000ppm)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

TIME IN HOURS

% L

ABEL

CON

VERS

ION

TO C

O2

surfactant

control

control max

TEST #4 HEAVY CRUDE OIL ON DRY SOIL


NONDISSOLVED C18 HC (10,000ppm)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140

TIME IN HOURS

% L

ABEL

CON

VESI

ON T

O C0

2

surfactant

control

control max

TEST #5 HEAVY CRUDE OIL ON BEACH SAND


C16 HC SOIL PRECONDITIONED with MARINE ORGANISMS

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TIME IN DAYS

% L

ABEL

CO

NVER

SIO

N TO

CO

2

surfactant

control

control max

COMPARISON of % DEGRAGIATION of TWOSURFACTANTS & CONCENTRATION


DEGRADATION OF MAYAN CRUDE

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1 2 3 4 5

21DAY%OILREMOVAL@20C

# 1 contaminated soil

#2 microorganisms,nutrients & aeration;

#3 microorganisms,nutrients , aeration and0.5% BioSolve

#4 microorganisms,nutrients and aerationand 5.0% BioSolve.

#5 microorganisms,nutrients, aeration andanother surfactant

CASE STUDY OF IN-SITU BIOREMEDIATIONwith a SURFACTANT


CASE STUDY OF IN-SITUBIOREMEDIATION with a SURFACTANT

BECKER ENVIRNOMENTAL 7 Inc.BECKER ENVIRNOMENTAL 7 Inc.


EVENTDATE

DESCRIPTIONof ACTIVITY

VOCLOW

_in_AVE

ppmHIGH

8/6/93 Wells installed and intial reading 210 4100 96008/7/93 Initial nutrient and water addition on new wells 200 3835 87508/9/93 Second nutrient treatment. Vapor recovery installed 200 2925 85008/17/93 2% BioSolvetm to all but one well OVA/PID VOC readings 9 1230 100008/18/93 Inoculation of microorganisms, nutrients and BioSolve8/20/93 OVA/PID readings for VOC�s 10 119 10009/10/93 Inoculation of nutrients and BioSolve9/22/93 Inoculation of nutrients and BioSolve OVA/PID readings 18 177 150010/1/93 Inoculation of nutrients and BioSolve10/6/93 Inoculation of nutrients and BioSolve OVA/PID readings 10 45 350

10/13/93 OVA/PID readings for VOC�s 15 54 10410/21/93 OVA/PID readings for VOC�s 14 49 20010/28/93 OVA/PID readings Inoculation of nutrients and BioSolve 12 31 11011/15/93 OVA/PID readings for VOC�s 10 36 12011/30/93 OVA/PID readings for VOC�s 10 31 8612/07/93 OVA/PID readings Inoculation of nutrients and BioSolve 10 38 10012/22/93 OVA/PID readings for VOC�s and soil sample 10 26 1051/10/94 Inoculation of nutrients and BioSolve1/20/94 OVA/PID readings Inoculation of nutrients and BioSolve 5 22 802/10/94 OVA/PID readings for VOC�s 8 16 502/25/94 OVA/PID readings for VOC�s 5 12 283/01/94 SOIL TESTS WERE BELOW DETECTABLE LIMIT .005 .005 .0055/15/94 SITE CLOSED


CASE STUDY OF IN-SITUBIOREMEDIATION SURFACTANT

BIOSOLVE ADDED ON THESE DATES

NUTRIENTS & WATER ADDED ON THESE DATES


SERVICE STATION CASE STUDYSERVICE STATION CASE STUDY

5/29/93-4/16/97- LNAPL under former pump island

Manually bailed no change

No receptors, urban area and no cost effective permanentremedial system

3 monitoring wells & soil borings 11SFx0.03F = 170gals.

7/23/97 Inject 250 gals. of 2% BioSolve® and and surgeblocked

7/24/97 2 wells manifolded to vacuum truck

35.74# of HC vapor +255 gals of emulsion recovered

8/11/97 No LPH detected

9/2/97 No LPH detected

SOIL FLUSHING UNDER RAILROAD TRACKS



The End

DISPOSITION OF NAPL�SIN THE SOIL MATRIX

→Evaporate and stay in the vapor phase,


→ Dissolved into the soil moisture

→ Adsorb onto solid surfaces

2 SURFACTANTS AQUEOUSDISPERSION of OCTADACANE


0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5

Surfactant Concentration (% v/v)

Oct

adec

ane

Dis

per

sio

n (

mg

/J)

Biosolve

Biovesal

ACCELERATING BIOREMEDIATIONUSING A PARTICULAR SURFACTANT


CO2 PRODUCTION in 28 days

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

1 2 3 4TEST#

mg

CO2-

C kg

-1

TESTS

#1 STERILE SOIL + H2

#2 STERILE SOIL + H2O +BIOSOLVE

#3 STERILE SOIL + H2O + OIL

#4 STERILE SOIL + H2O +0IL +BIOSOLVE


HowHow BioSolve BioSolve ®® Works Works

! BioSolve�sBioSolve�s ®®

surfactants formsurfactants formspherical micelles whichspherical micelles whichsurroundsurround the hydrocarbon the hydrocarbonmolecules formingmolecules formingmicroemulsionsmicroemulsions

*Hard surfaceHard surfacedegreasers candegreasers canform a variety ofform a variety ofmicelles types.micelles types.

*Foams �line upFoams �line uplike soldiers� tolike soldiers� tocreate a film oncreate a film ontop of the fueltop of the fuel

BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.❖BioSolve�sBioSolve�s ®® patented blend of patented blend ofsurfactants creates ansurfactants creates anemulsification and anemulsification and anencapsulationencapsulation

❖One surfactantOne surfactant solublizes solublizes oil, but is oil, but isnon-water solublenon-water soluble

❖The other surfactantThe other surfactant solublizes solublizes the theemulsion into the wateremulsion into the water

Patented TechnologyPatented Technology


**Dispersants create dropletsDispersants create droplets

**Droplets are large particlesDroplets are large particles

**BioSolveBioSolve ®® creates creates microemulsions microemulsions

**University testing measuringUniversity testing measuring solublized solublized oil oilconcluded thatconcluded that BioSolve�s BioSolve�s ®® microemulsion microemulsion size sizeparticles were similar to a naturally occurringparticles were similar to a naturally occurringbacterium�sbacterium�s biosurfactant microemulsions biosurfactant microemulsions

**University of AlabamaUniversity of Alabama

TheThe BioSolve BioSolve ®® Difference Difference

BECKERBI...BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc. Swirling Flask Dispersant Effectiveness Test using (1-10)...

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