Bearer Network Solutions and Development Trend

Outline

Discussion about Bearer Network Evolution Demand

LTE-Oriented Solutions Bearer Network Development Trend

Main business PSTN is upgraded to NGN

globally to achieve VoIP. Traditional 2G BSs start to be

converted to IP-based BSs in some high-end carriers.

The proportion of VIP IP-based dedicated line service has become larger and larger. The layer-2 VPN service is booming.

Main business PSTN is upgraded to NGN

globally to achieve VoIP. Traditional 2G BSs start to be

converted to IP-based BSs in some high-end carriers.

The proportion of VIP IP-based dedicated line service has become larger and larger. The layer-2 VPN service is booming.

Main service has switched to IP and new service

development has accelerated.

IP

New business The 3G network, such as mobile

core network, and Backhaul, has entirely achieved IP-based services in version R5. The LTE deployment has started ahead of schedule.

The video services are booming. The cloud-computing application

and the IP-based storage services have grown rapidly.

New business The 3G network, such as mobile

core network, and Backhaul, has entirely achieved IP-based services in version R5. The LTE deployment has started ahead of schedule.

The video services are booming. The cloud-computing application

and the IP-based storage services have grown rapidly.

VoIP & Internet

VIP dedicated line

Broadband access

IPTV

LTE

IP SAN

2G/3G

Drive for Bearer Network Development

Simplify network hierarchy and reduce TCO. Make it easy to provisioning various types of new

services to achieve an integrated service operation.

What Demands Should a Bearer Network Meet?

BSC/RNC

SGSN

MGW

aGW

MSCBTS

NodeB

E1

E1/FE

GE

FE/GE ？？

Large-bandwidth/high-efficiency transmissionPS-based switchingSupport for multi-service interfaceAdaptation to variation of bandwidth traffic and service flow.

Sound expandability meets the wireless network requirements at each phase and smooth evolution to protect the previous investment.

E2E service QoS, OAM and network managementClock and time synchronization

Carrier-class protection ability less than 50msProtect the service and network reliabilityHigh network security

SR

VIP dedicated line

e-NB

Advantage inheritanceStrategic demandsLTE-orientedFMC trendIntelligent characteristics

Core-layer Demand 1: Massive Bandwidth

Demand: The enormous bandwidth required by the wireless access services (IP RAN, and Wimax), data service, IP-based 2G core network, and 3G networks stimulates the massive bandwidth demands.

The interfaces that link RNC with MGW and SGSN are mostly GE interfaces; moreover, RNC and MGW generally adopts dual-homing or Flex structure.

In future, with the growth of data services, the interface from RNC to SGSN will be upgraded to 10GE and RNC will also adopt a great number of Flex structures.

The port rate between the core router and the convergence router (switch) will be evolved to 10GE/10Gbit/s POS or even higher rate from GE/2.5Gbit/s POS.

－ MSTP/ASON is not capable of bearing the 3G core network services with the transmission capacity of only 10G.

－ OTN can provision the bandwidth of 3.84T, which can meet the bearing requirement of a core network in a short or long term.

Demand: The enormous bandwidth required by the wireless access services (IP RAN, and Wimax), data service, IP-based 2G core network, and 3G networks stimulates the massive bandwidth demands.

The interfaces that link RNC with MGW and SGSN are mostly GE interfaces; moreover, RNC and MGW generally adopts dual-homing or Flex structure.

In future, with the growth of data services, the interface from RNC to SGSN will be upgraded to 10GE and RNC will also adopt a great number of Flex structures.

The port rate between the core router and the convergence router (switch) will be evolved to 10GE/10Gbit/s POS or even higher rate from GE/2.5Gbit/s POS.

－ MSTP/ASON is not capable of bearing the 3G core network services with the transmission capacity of only 10G.

－ OTN can provision the bandwidth of 3.84T, which can meet the bearing requirement of a core network in a short or long term.

MSTP/ASON

10G

OTN

3.84T

N×GE/2.5G POSMGW

RNC RNC

MSCS

SGSN

MGW

RNC RNC

SGSN

RNC

MGW

RNCRNC

SGSN

RNC

MGW

RNC RNC

SGSN

RNC

BSC

BSC

BSC

Core-layer Demand 2: Simplifying Core Network Hierarchy

MSTP/ASON

Demand: With the growth of bandwidth needed by the core network, the per-bit cost must be reduced. To simplify the network hierarchy is the first problem to be solved.

－ Router over MSTP over WDM: This model adds the network hierarchy, which not only increases the network device investment and maintenance costs, but also makes the service scheduling more difficult.

－ Router over OTN ： The network hierarchy in this model is clearer and simpler; moreover, the ONT network is most suitable for the large-granularity service bearing and scheduling. To add a new node or change the original node less affects the network.

Demand: With the growth of bandwidth needed by the core network, the per-bit cost must be reduced. To simplify the network hierarchy is the first problem to be solved.

－ Router over MSTP over WDM: This model adds the network hierarchy, which not only increases the network device investment and maintenance costs, but also makes the service scheduling more difficult.

－ Router over OTN ： The network hierarchy in this model is clearer and simpler; moreover, the ONT network is most suitable for the large-granularity service bearing and scheduling. To add a new node or change the original node less affects the network.

WDM

MGW MGW SGSN

RNC RNC BSC BSC

MSCS

OTN

MGW MGW SGSN

RNC RNC BSC BSC

MSCS

Core-layer Demand 3: High Efficiency, Flexibility, and Large Granularity

Demand ： The bearing efficiency of TDM and IP services on the SDH/MSTP network is much low. A fully new network is needed to highly efficiently bear this type of service to solve this problem.

After the IP-based 2G core network and 3G deployment, the core-layer scheduling will be shifted from STM-N to GE-above granularity.

The large-granularity service needs to be scheduled uniformly. In a full-service operation, the bandwidth demands of various types of services are greatly different. The service traffic and the stream direction are indeterminate, meanwhile they take on an obvious mesh-like service flow.

－ For MSTP/ASON and the cross-grain of VC4, when the GE-above large-granularity packet service is scheduled, the cross resource will be greatly wasted and the scheduling efficiency is very low.

－ OTN devices are possessed with wavelength-class optical crossing and sub-wavelength-class electrical-laer crossing, which can increase the layers and grains of the service scheduling.

－ The Mesh network can be deployed based on ROADM and WSON, which ensures that the network expansion is more flexible and convenient, and provisions more flexible scheduling and bandwidth managemetn.

GE/2.5G POS10GE/POS

Core-layer Demand 4: High Reliability and High QoS

Demand: When the optical cable is faulty, it may arouse the logic links at several places of the data network to get faulty simultaneously. Then entire network is protected only depending on the IP network protection technology, which is difficult to meet the carrier-class protection demands of IP services. The optical-layer protection is the prerequisite to provide a less-than-50ms carrier-class protection.

－ A router can provide E2E service protection; the optical layer can provide protection for massive services at the physical layer.

－ Meanwhile, the router should be properly reloaded to increase the port bandwidth usage, thus to reduce the entire network investment.

－ OTN devices provide more abundant overheads than SDH, fully ensuring the E2E QoS service.

－ When the core network adopts the WSON technology and the Mesh structure, the service security will be enhanced, and meanwhile, the protection resources are saved greatly.

Demand: When the optical cable is faulty, it may arouse the logic links at several places of the data network to get faulty simultaneously. Then entire network is protected only depending on the IP network protection technology, which is difficult to meet the carrier-class protection demands of IP services. The optical-layer protection is the prerequisite to provide a less-than-50ms carrier-class protection.

－ A router can provide E2E service protection; the optical layer can provide protection for massive services at the physical layer.

－ Meanwhile, the router should be properly reloaded to increase the port bandwidth usage, thus to reduce the entire network investment.

－ OTN devices provide more abundant overheads than SDH, fully ensuring the E2E QoS service.

－ When the core network adopts the WSON technology and the Mesh structure, the service security will be enhanced, and meanwhile, the protection resources are saved greatly.

MGW

RNCRNC

MSCS

SGSN

Router protection time is normally greater than 50ms

…

MGW

RNC RNC

SGSN

RNC BSC

MGW

RNC RNC

SGSN

RNC BSC

MGW

RNC RNC

SGSN

RNC BSC

IP Bearer Network Evolution Trend

Backbone networkCR

PE

MGW

SGSN/PDSN

Switch

DSLAM

Splitter OLT

RNC/BSC

SR/BRAS

Backhaul

On the IP MAN core layer and the IP backbone network plane, the FMC trend is to bear the fixed network and the mobile network on one IP network, and to tends to merge and flatten networks.

The use of cluster routers simplifies the IP network hierarchy, and make the IP core and the backbone network oriented to the development of full interconnection and large capacity.

1. FMC merging

2. Clustering

routers

The future

transmission network

must be adapted to IP

network merging-

orientation, flattening,

and large capacity.

IP MAN and Backbone

network

Convergence/Access Layer Demand 1: IP-based Mobile Service

IP/MPLS Core BTV

VODRNCBSC

PacketM

W

BTS

nodeB

SRBRAS

MSTP/PTN/OTN

MSTP/PTN MSTP/PTN

CE/PTN

CE/PTN

E1

E1

nodeB

FE

VLAN

E1/IMA

STM-1/ATM

VLAN1. Perfect OAM 2. Service emulation3. Clock synchronization4. High-reliability

assurance5. Multi-service support6. QoS assurance7. Reducing per-bit costs

E1/TDM

clock & phase

Synchronized Ethernet

IEEE 1588v2

Convergence/Access Layer Demand 2 ：Clock Synchronization

TDM line + GPS

Mobile FormatFrequency Sync Requirements

Phase Sync Requirements

GSM ± 50ppb NA

WCDMA-FDD ± 50ppb NA

WCDMA-TDD ± 50ppb ±1.25us or ± 1250 ns

CDMA2000 ± 50ppb ± 3us or ± 3000 ns

TD-SCDMA ± 50ppb ± 1.5us or ± 1500 ns

WiMax FDD ± 20ppb NA

WiMax TDD ± 20ppb ± 1us

LTE FDD without MBMS ± 50ppb NA

LTE TDD ± 50ppb ±1.25us or ± 1250 ns

The existing transport network can only transmit frequency but cannot synchronize time.

In the existing time synchronization, a GPS receiving device is installed, which depends on the US GPS system, and thus the security problem may exist.

Home/indoor BS adopts network to transport sync information.

Convergence/Access Layer Demand 3: Full-Service Access Bearing

　 PSTNVIP

Dedicated line

3G initial stage

PONEnterpris

e VPN3Glater stage

M- Play

Support for multiple types of protocol interfaces

○ ● ☉ ☉ ☉ ☉ 　 ☉

Connection-oriented carrier-class service transmission

● ● ● ● ☉ ● ●

Sound OAM function ● ● ● ● ☉ ● ●

Carrier-class 50ms protection ● ● ● ● ☉ ● ●

Support for high-precision clock transmission

● ○ 　 ● ● ○ 　 ● ○ 　

Support for service sensing ○ ○ ○ ● ☉ ● ●

Service distinguishment ○ ○ ○ ● ● ● ●

Bandwidth statistics multiplexing function ○ ○ ☉ ● ● ● ●

Support for multicast service ○ 　 ○ ☉ ● ○ 　 ● ●

Outline

Discussion about Bearer Network Evolution Demand

LTE-Oriented Solutions Bearer Network Development Trend

Tunnel Protection

BSCMSTP access ring

IP 3GIP 3G

3G(non-IP)3G(non-IP)

2G2G

Service flow has changed obviously Opener structure Diverse protection needs Dramatic growth of bandwidth occupancy

Service flow has changed obviously Opener structure Diverse protection needs Dramatic growth of bandwidth occupancy

NodeB

NodeB

NodeB

BTS

BTS

RNC

SDHProtection

SGSN

MGW

MSC

6300/6200/61006300/6200/6100

90089008

MSTP convergence ring

MSTPMSTP

LAG

Bearing Demand Changes from 3G to LTE

RNC

MME

aGW

eNB

CTN 6200

CTN 6300

CTN 9000

CTN 9000

CTN 6000

CTN 6200

CTN 6000

CTN 9000

FE

GE

GE

GE

NodeB

LTE phase is the mobile super-broadband phase, which emphasizes that a network is flattened, the X2 service can be scheduled on the convergence-layer device, and the round trip should be reduced as much as possible. At the convergence layer and access layer, VRRP is stared to protect nodes and share loads.

eNB BS is connected to eNB and aGW in multiple directions, adopting Tunnel 1+1/1:1 ， ring or FRRp protection. PW and Tunnel support dynamic configuration.

For X2 MP2MP services, L2 VPN adopts VPLS mode, or IP/MPLS+L3 VPN.

LTE phase is the mobile super-broadband phase, which emphasizes that a network is flattened, the X2 service can be scheduled on the convergence-layer device, and the round trip should be reduced as much as possible. At the convergence layer and access layer, VRRP is stared to protect nodes and share loads.

eNB BS is connected to eNB and aGW in multiple directions, adopting Tunnel 1+1/1:1 ， ring or FRRp protection. PW and Tunnel support dynamic configuration.

For X2 MP2MP services, L2 VPN adopts VPLS mode, or IP/MPLS+L3 VPN.

Tunnel Protection ，FRR, ring protection

VRRP

eNB

IP 3GIP 3G

LTE X2LTE X2

LTE S1LTE S1

GE

eNB

eNB

VRRP

VRRP

aGW

Facing Future LTE Bearing Demands, Achieving Smooth Evolution

ZXCTN 6100 ZXCTN 6200 ZXCTN 6300 ZXCTN 9008ZXCTN 9004

BSC

RNC

SR

BRAS

Access layer Convergence layer

GE

GE

10GE

Abis

STM-1/GE

GE/10GE

Iub

STM-1/GE

GE/10GE

MAN core layer

S-GW

MME

MGW

Residential

Business

Mobile

Based on high-value services, such as Backhaul, and VIP service, achieves E2E entire network deployment. Adapted to PTN standards development and new demands for future service network evolution by supporting software

upgrade.

Based on high-value services, such as Backhaul, and VIP service, achieves E2E entire network deployment. Adapted to PTN standards development and new demands for future service network evolution by supporting software

upgrade.

ZTE PTN Series Products

Exert Efforts to Push PTN Industry Development

In the Geneva ITU-T standards conference of Sep, 2009, the proposal of PTN Time Synchronization jointly raised by ZTE and China Mobile aroused great attention in industry.

In the forum of 2009 Optical Communication and Bearer Network Construction, ZTE was awarded with “Promotion Prize of Optical Communication Industry Development in 2009 – PTN Industry Promotion Prize”, and the “Prize for Most Integratedly Competitive PS Transport Network Scheme Provider”, which complimented ZTE for its outstanding contribution in the field of PTN industry, and fully recognized ZTE PTN product and scheme.

Deep cooperation with global well-known carriers to push the PTN product into a wide commercial use

Intelligent

High-Integratedi WDMIP

All IP orientation

Intelligent

High integration

i i WDMWDM

OTN

WSON

PXC

L2

Compliant with all-IP service, compatible with traditional TDM service; a uniform transport platform of new and old services

All OTN Meets the needs of scheduling IP

service intelligently Loads control planes

More compact device, less space occupancy

Environment friendly, low consumption, low radiation, and recycled material

i WDM integrates the OTN technology, PXC optical-layer scheduling, L2 switching, and WSON control plane to the same transport platform.

i WDM － All-IP Service Transport Platform of a New Generation

Reliable protection

Channel1+1

MESH protection+ recovery

Line1+1

MESH recovery

Multiplexing-segment sharing protection

Channel-sharing protection

Reliable protection

Subwavelength1+1

MESH protection + recovery

Wavelength1+1

MESH recovery

Wavelength channel sharing protection

Subwavelength channel sharing protection

OLAOTM OTMTraditional WDM—80 wave ：

iWDM—80 wave ：

Much less space occupancy

WSON

BoDOVPN

GE/FEFC

L3 3D scheduling system

Load WSON control plane

Perfect optical-layer and electrical-layer carrier-class protection

Pollution reduction function

Drop Unit ADD Unit

OCH Switch

Access Unit

Line Unit

ODUk Switch

L2 Switch

OT

U an

d Mux

pond

er

WSON/NMS

ZTE i WDM Functions

ZTE i WDM Family

ADMADM

ADMADM

ADMADMADMADM

ADMADM

ADMADM

MAN edge

ZXMP M720

High integration, dense wave in one

ZXMP M820

Multiplex flexible networking

Intelligent scheduling

ZXWM M920

Super distance, large capacity

MAN convergence core

Tandem

ZXONE 8000

Large-capacity, cross intelligent scheduling

E2E QoS, unified NM and performance detection

NE-layer NM EMSNetwork-layer NM NMS

Planning softwareZXTOP

ZTE i WDM Family

ADMADM

ADMADM

ADMADMADMADM

ADMADM

ADMADM

Outline

Discussion about Bearer Network Evolution Demand

LTE-Oriented Solutions Bearer Network Development Trend

TDM(OTN) (electric circuit switching)

WDM (ULH/Large capacity) ROADM (optical switching) PXC

1998-2007 2008 2009 2010-2019

IP

ATM

ETH MPLS-TP/PBT (packet transport)

MPLS

Packet delivery

Service differentiat

Multiplexing

Optical transmission

Sub-wavelength switching & protection

4 layers 3 layers Convergence ...Evolution

Arc

hit

ectu

re

SDH NG-SDH(MSTP)

GMPLScontrol

OPS

Traffic engineering

WDM

Development Trend of Bearer Network

2009: IP/MPLS + NGSDH + PTN

2010-2013: IP/MPLS + ROADM + PTN + GMPLS + OTN

All optical network uniform control plane

Next-Generation PS Transport Technology ——PTN

PTN (Packet Transport Network) refers to an integrated transport technology which, taking a packet as a transmission unit, primarily bears carrier-class Ethernet services, and is compatible with the services like TDM, ATM, and FC.

Based on PS structure, the PTN technology inherits the MSTP concept, and merges the advantages of Ethernet and MSTP. It is a technology that suits the carrier-class PS bearing.

PTN

MSTP

MPLSEthernet

QoSMulticast

ACLPS switch

PW

OAM

Protection switchover

NMClock

Hierarchical network structure

Two Connection-Oriented PTN Technologies

Ethernet

SDH like OAM/PS

MPLS

T-MPLS

PBT

PTN T-MPLS ： Transport MPLS T-MPLS is a PS transport technology developed on the basis of the MPLS

technology and in combination with the transport network characteristics.

PBT ： Provider Backbone Bridge Traffic Engineer PBT is a PS transport technology developed on the basis of the Ethernet

technology, and in combination with the transport network characteristics.

T-MPLS = MPLS- Most L3 Complexity +OAM+PST-MPLS = MPLS- Most L3 Complexity +OAM+PS

PBT = MacInMac -Connenctionless+OAM+PSPBT = MacInMac -Connenctionless+OAM+PS

Technological Comparison for IP-based Bearer Network Evolution

PTN Scheme ——TMPLS/MPLS-TPPTN Scheme ——TMPLS/MPLS-TP

MSTP+ Scheme ——MSTP upgrades to PTN, dual-planeMSTP+ Scheme ——MSTP upgrades to PTN, dual-plane

PTN Introduction Purpose: To Establish E2E PTN Network

With the move-on of the IP-based BS and the growth of service bandwidth, perform PTN E2E networking in the hot areas (CBD centralized area, dense high-end communities).

Bear the new 3G service on the new PTN network and cut the 3G service borne on the MSTP network to the PTN network.

With the IP-orientation of the 3G service and the bandwidth growth, the PTN network has developed from the hot areas to the normal outlying areas.

3G

BSC RN

C

BTS

MSTP

2.5G

MSTP

622M

PTN

10GE

PTN

GE

BTS

Access layer

Convergence layer

BTS3G

3G3G 3G

GPS replacement for existing

network verification

UNMS

PTN Network Establishment Perspective (Evolution)

The TDM services are reduced. The MSTP expansion is reduced. PTN is deployed widely to bear mobile, VIP and some data broadband services.

A small number of interconnection scenarios exist in PTN and the local MSTP access layer. The interconnection service channel can be protected through LAG protection or MSP protection.

The MSTP network and the PTN UNM are monitored in real time.

Reduced number of TDM services, Widely applied PTN, Partly Heterogeneous Networking of MSTP and PTN

3G

BSC RNC

BTS

MSTP

622M

PTN ＋ OTN

PTN

GE

BTS

Access layer

Convergence layer

BTS 3G BTS3G

BTS3G

3G

FE/GE

STM-16/4/1

Synchronous replacement of PTN-based GPS

time

UNMS

Important group client FE

Smooth MSTP Evolution to PTN — Dual-Plane Analysis

Application layerApplication layer

EthernetEthernet

TDM TransportTDM Transport

TDMTDM

Circuit switching

ATMATM

PS switchingPTN PTN

MSTP MSTP

This is a transitional scheme. Its functions are limited and the lifecycle is short. The so-called “smooth evolution” scheme is actually to upgrade the device to have the bearing capability with PTN

features under the condition that the existing services remain unchanged. However, this upgrade is not thorough. The upgraded device is not a PTN device, but a heterogeneous device of MSTP and PTN.

MSTP and PTN networks are separately established. The services between two domains on the same device are transported through jumper fiber, which is equal to overlapping a PTN device on the previous MSTP node.

Currently , PTN independent device is at the verification stage. It takes more risks to the MSTP device that can be upgraded to PTN in the network recently.

Packet TransportPacket Transport

Smooth MSTP Evolution to PTN——Device Function Analysis

To allocate a part of resources to the PTN plane to use, the original MSTP functions and performance will naturally be impacted. For example, after a PTN line card is added on the device, the uneven bandwidth distribution on the device backplane will greatly affect the original MSTP functions; while after a part of slots are inserted by PTN line cards, the MSTP function based on the even slots will not be performed.

。 The dual-bus deployment of TDM and Packet, in addtion to the PS coding mode, encapsulation, overheads, and acceleration ratio, cause the real access and switching capacity of PS in the dual-plane device to be far less than theoretical capacity. For example, for a 320G MSTP/PTN device, the PS switching capacity is less than 80G in real application.

Because the services between MSTP and PTN domains are transmitted through jumper fiber mode, it increases the data processing delay and the fault points, which is not compliance with the E2E concept. The alarms between the MSTP plane and the PTN plane are terminated before the service interconnection, and cannot be transmitted mutually. Even if the alarm transmission problem was solved by some special internal technical measure, the interconnecion with other manufactures’ network cannot be implemented due to the lack of corresponding standards support.

TDM

TDMVCAT

Packet

Packet

TDM

TDM

Packet

Packet

vc switch

POS

E1,E3 C.STM-16

C.STM-64FE, GE

P.STM-64

10GE

FE, GE

FE, GE

Tributary Line

SDH VCCross-connection

Packet based Switch Fabric

pkt switch

MS

TP

line cardM

ST

P line card

Packet line card

Packet line card

Packet line card

Packet line card

MS

TP

line cardM

ST

P line card

MS

TP

line cardM

ST

P line card

Mix cross board

Mix cross board

Mix cross board

Mix cross board

Main control

boardM

ain control board

Main control

boardM

ain control board

Integrated with TDM and packet chips; TDM and packet services are processed separately.

Integrated with TDM and packet chips; TDM and packet services are processed separately.

The interconnection between two planes are achieved by a jumper fiber.The interconnection between two planes are achieved by a jumper fiber.

Packet processing partsPacket processing parts

MSTP processing partsMSTP processing parts

FanFan FanFan

Smooth MSTP Evolution to PTN—Analysis on Device Upgrade Acts

Application layerApplication layer

EthernetEthernet

TDM TransportTDM Transport

TDMTDM

Circuit

switchin

g

ATMATM

Application layerApplication layer

EthernetEthernetTDMTDM ATMATM

Circuit switchin

g

Packet TransportPacket Transport

TDM TransportTDM Transport

Circuit switching

Upgrade

平滑升级 Upgrade process unsmooth

CrossCross （（ circuit switching kernelcircuit switching kernel ））CrossCross （（ circuit switching kernelcircuit switching kernel ））

Line cardLine card (packet processing: QOS/OAM…)

Backplane (care for backplane bus design requirements of packet & circuit)

Line cardLine card （（ TDMTDM processing: overhead/encapsulationprocessing: overhead/encapsulation

Backplane （ suitable for bus design of TDM backplane ）

Replace

Limited function

Power modulePower module （（ support for low power consumptionsupport for low power consumption ））

Software logic （ TDM service and device control)

Power modulePower module （（ support for higher power consumptionsupport for higher power consumption ））

Software logic （ packet & TDM service and device control)

Replace

Replace

Replace

Procedure of Upgrading MSTP to PTN

TDM

TDMVCAT

Packet

Packet

TDM

TDM

Packet

Packet

vc switch

POS

E1,E3 C.STM-16

C.STM-64FE, GE

P.STM-64

10GE

FE, GE

FE, GE

Tributary Line

SDH VCCross-connection

Packet based Switch Fabric

pkt switch

TDM

TDMVCAT

TDM

TDM

vc switchE1,E3 C.STM-16

C.STM-64FE, GE

Tributary Line

SDH VCCross-connection

MSTP+Pure MSTP

(1) Replace crossboard, and add packet processing board

Packet

Packet

Packet

Packet

vc switch

POS

-64

P.STM-64

10GE

FE, GE

FE, GE

SDH VCCross-connection

Packet based Switch Fabric

pkt switch

(2) ALL IP-orientation. TDM gradually recedesTDM service board decreases.

E1,E3CES

MSTP+

Fake PTNPacket

Packet

Packet

Packet

POSP.STM-64

10GE

FE, GE

FE, GE

Packet based Switch Fabric

pkt switch

E1,E3CES

Pure PTN

(3) TDM bus is no longer used. Replace the crossboard again?

MSTP+ Upgraded to PTN VS. New PTN Establishment

Type MSTP+ Upgraded to PTN New PTN Establishment

Expandability The upgraded PTN device is not the target PTN expected by carriers as its application is limited.

The solution is limited by the technical structure, adopting dual-plane technology. The dual-bus of TDM and Packet makes the access capacity of SDH and PTN greatly limited, which is hard to meet the full-service development demands. If the upgrade scheme of PTN card is adopted, the PTN function is restricted by cards. The connection capacity between cards are smaller, and the networking ability and expandability is poor.

High expandability

Universal full-PS kernel, in compliance with the needs of future packet bearing

Network Migration

The network upgrade is smooth, however, the device upgrade is not smooth. During upgrade process, the service needs to be suspended. With the network evolution, the device needs to be replaced, cut over, and upgraded continually station by station, node by node, and card by card, which takes too much time. And its O&M load is very heavy, moreover, it has great effect on the existing network services. Frequent cutover and upgrade may cause greater and more risks of broken service operations.

No impact on the existing network services; clear network evolution and migration

Equipment Cost Low cost-performance rate and OPEX is increased.

It is necessary to replace the cross boards, clock boards, line boards, and power boards, which costs close to purchasing a new PTN device. The cross board is integrated with functions of TDM crossing and packet switching. In the scenario of full packet and full TDM, the resources of cross boards and buses are seriously wasted.

High cost-performance rate

New PTN establishment is more economical than upgrading MSTP+ to PTN. Its time is shorter, and the man power is lower.

Application Scenario

The purpose of MSTP+ upgrade is to make the device possessed with a certain bearing capability of PTN characteristics by upgrade while keeping the existing service untouched. This kind of upgrade is not thorough, because the upgraded device is not the PTN device, but the combination of MSTP and PTN. Due t the limits of slot and capacity, the end device used for accessing the BS is hard to upgrade. Finally, replacement and overlapping network establishment can only be adopted, which is against the expectation and increases the time and costs of the network establishment.

Universal PS kernel

New PTN establishment is applicable to various types of application scenarios of future ALL IP evolution.

40G DWDM Key Technology——Modulation Mode

NRZ

ODB

DPSK

DQPSK

PM QPSK

40G Modulation Technology Comparison

50GHz OSNR B2B(dB) CD Capacity Limit (ps/nm)

PMD Capacity Limit (ps)

Remark

ODB/PSBT √ 17.5 +/- 160 2.5

RZ AMI 16 +/- 40 3 *100GHz spacing data

DPSK √ 14 +/- 55 3

RZ DQPSK √ 14.5 +/- 125 6

PM QPSK √ 14 +50000 25

The currently primary commercial modulation technologies are ODB/PSBT and DPSK.

To achieve RZ DQPSK PM QPSK, its technology is complicated and costly.

100G Modulation Technology DP-QPSK Dual-polarization quadriphase shift keying CSRZ-DQPSK can only realize the spacing of 100GHZ, and cannot

realize the spacing of 80 waves*50GHZ same as that of the heterogeneous deployment of the existing network, 10G, and 40G.

OPFDM-DQPSK Polarization OFDM-DQPSK oPDM-DQPSK Optical pulse breadth modulation- DQPSK ePDM-QPSK Electrical pulse breadth modulation- QPSK DPSK-3ASK (Differentiate phase shift keying – 3-phase shift keying)

modulation mode to achieve the serial transmission of 100Gbps of the single-wave channel

…

40G/100G technology mainly focuses on which modulation technology to select

The selection of technology depends on PMD tolerance, transmission distance, and signal channel spacing (50G/100GHz).

Backbone/MAN Core - OTN The entire optical layer of OTN is classified into:

Optical channel (OCh), optical multiplex section (OMS), and optical transmission section (OTS)

OCh is also classified into three sub-layers: Optical channel data unit (ODUk), optical channel transmission unit

(OTUk), and optical channel sub-layer

Optical Channel layer network（ OCh ）

Optical Multiplex Sectionlayer network

（ OMS ）Optical Transmission Section

layer network（ OTS ）

Client layer

Optical layer

Optical channel payload unit （ OPU ）Optical channel data unit （ ODU ）Optical channel transmission unit （ OTU ） Optical channel OCh

Optical domain

3 electrical-domain sub-layers

IP 、 ETHERNET 、ATM 、 SDH/SONET

Backbone/MAN Core -ROADM

O M U

OPA

O D U

OT

U1

OT

U2

OT

U3

OT

U4

0

OT

U1

OT

U2

OT

U3

OT

U40 ::: :

OBA

WBCoupler Coupler

WBU

OPA

1 : 8

TL8

TL3

TL2

TL1

TF

1

TF

2

TF

3

TF

8 ::

OBA

WB

Coupler180:20

Coupler350:50

OT

U1

OT

U2

OT

U3

OT

U8

:

Upgrade Port

1 : 3 2

TF

9

TF

10

TF

11

TF

40:

OT

U9

OT

U10

OT

U11

OT

U40:

TL4

0

TL1

1

TL1

0

TL9 :

Upgrade Port

8 : 1 3 2 : 1

Coupler250:50

Coupler480:20

WBU

Multi-degree ROADMMulti-degree ROADM

WSSWSS

The MEMS-based WSS is an inevitable choice for high-dimensionality ROADM technology.

MAN: T-MPLS/MPLS-TP

T-MPLS network structure

T-MPLS technology standard

T-MPLS = MPLS- Most L3 Complexity +OAM+PS

•Client equipment

•Carrier equipment (IP DSLAM, Ethernet Switch, IP/MPLS router)

•Other carrier equipment

•Client equipment

•Carrier equipment (IP DSLAM, Ethernet Switch, IP/MPLS router)

•Other carrier equipment

Any client-side service

•Ethernet

•IP/MPLS

•T-MPLS (Carrier – carrier service)

•ATM, frame relay, L1,-

Any client-side service

•Ethernet

•IP/MPLS

•T-MPLS (Carrier – carrier service)

•ATM, frame relay, L1,-

QoS management at each layerQoS management at each layer

MAN-PBT

Metro Ethernet Network

PBT Engineered

trunks

Pseudowire

RFC 2547

ELAN, ELINEPBBMetro Ethernet Network

PBT Engineered

trunks

Pseudowire

RFC 2547

ELAN, ELINEPBB

PBBPBB Encapsulation modeEncapsulation modePBTPBT network structurenetwork structure

PB

TP

BT

Te

ch

nic

al S

tan

da

rds

Te

ch

nic

al S

tan

da

rds PBT = Mac In Mac –

Connenctionless + OAM + PS

IEEE 802.1ag Connectivity Fault Management-complete 2007 802.1ah Provider Backbone Bridge-complete 2008 802.1aq Shortest Path Bridging-complete 2009 802.1Qay Provider Backbone Bridging-Traffic Engineering-complete 2008 802.3ah Ethernet Link OAMTMF (TeleManagement Forum) MTOSI work effort is PBT for OSS (Multi-Technology Operations Systems interface)ITU-T G.pbt in SG15/Q12 living list Y.1731 OAM incorporates PBB-TE features G.8031 PS coordinationIETF GMPLS for PBT

MAN-EoMPLS

PE PE

MPLS Network

PE PE

Enterprise LAN

ISP 1

Enterprise LAN

PE PE

ISP 2

ISP A

ISP 3

ISP B

ISP C

Point to Point, Metro Ethernet Service

EoMPLS = MPLS–Partial L3 Complexity +OAM+PS

MAN- Other Technologies

Pure data RPR Simple topology, difficult

ring-spanning service No connection-orientation,

Unable to achieve E2E

Enhanced Ethernet No connection Enhanced protection

ESR/ESS OAM that is hard to

achieve traffic engineer and specific services

Control Plane

Symbol of an intelligent dynamic network — Control Plane SDH+ control plane =ASON (RSVP-TE, OSPF-TE) WDM+ control plane =WSON (RSVP-TE, OSPF-TE) The IP/MPLS data network is born with control plane

(RSVP,LDP,BGP,MP-BGP, supporting TE mode)

The future NG bearer network needs a uniform control plane. Control plane GMPLS

Technical Summary

T-MPLS/MPLS-TP PBB-TE EoMPLS Enhanced Ethernet

Networking Capability

Limitless; adapted to complex networking

• Limitless; • adapted to

complex networking

• Limitless; • adapted to

complex networking

• Ring network,• no connection,• networking limited

Service Support

To adopt PWE3 to support multiple services

To adopt PWE3 to support multiple services

To adopt PWE3 to support multiple services

• Poor multi- service support;

• support Ethernet

Reliability protection <50ms protection <50ms protection <50ms Protection ranging 50ms-100ms

OAM Hierarchical OAM Ethernet OAM • Weak, • single-layer OAM, • no performance

detection

• Weak, • single-layer OAM, • no performance

detection

Current Status •Mature standard•Immature technology

Both standard and technology immature

Mature standard • No standard• Self-defined by each

manufacture• Mature technology

Evolution Route for Bearer Network Technology and ZTE Product Series 1

ETHETH

MPLSMPLS

ATMATM

RPRRPR

PDHPDH

SDHSDH

FiberFiber WDMWDM

OTHOTH

MSTPMSTP

MPLS-TPMPLS-TP

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

PBTPBT

ROADMROADM PXCPXC

ULH WDMULH WDM

WDMWDM

ZXMP S150/200ZXMP S320ZXMP S325/330ZXMP S380/S390ZXMP S385

ZXR10 M6000ZXR10 T8000… ZXCTN 6X00

ZXCTN 9004/8

P-OTNP-OTN

ZXONE 5xxx

Evolution Route for Bearer Network Technology and ZTE Product Series 2

ETHETH

MPLSMPLS

ATMATM

RPRRPR

PDHPDH

SDHSDH

FiberFiber WDMWDM

OTHOTH

MSTPMSTP

MPLS-TPMPLS-TP

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

PBTPBT

ROADMROADM PXCPXC

ULH WDMULH WDM

WDMWDM

P-OTNP-OTN

ZXWM M900ZXMP M800ZXMP M600

ZXMP M800ZXMP M820

ZXMP M900ZXMP M920

ZXONE 5X00

iWDMZXWM M920ZXMP M820ZXMP M720

MSCSMGW/GGSN

RNCBSC

Core network access control

General Perspective of Full-Service Bearer Network Operation

Public client

CRCR

SR

PTN

NodeB

VPN lineBTS

Radio access network control

IP dedicated network/MDCN

CMNet+

Public client plane Important client plane

Switch xDsl

MAN convergence/access layer

MAN Backbone Network

Backbone Network

SRBAS

Core layer

Service access control layer

Metro_E

Bear high- bandwidth-

need service PON

WDM/OTN

Bear high-value service

VIPeNB

PTN

PTN

PTN

Under a circumstance of small entire business, PTN achieves the uniform bearing of the fixed network broadband and the

mobile services at the convergence layer.

Scenario ： In the areas where OTN is not covered, or hard to extend, it is the best solution to access PON and VIP with

PTN.

AggregationIn counties

AccessIn towns

Unified PTN Bearing Scheme (Small-Scale Network)

OTN

NodeB

NodeB

Broadband access

VIP line

OLTPON

DSL

SGSN

MGW

RNCBSC

BRASSR

Pico/Femtocell

Femtocell

GE optical interface

10GE PTNConvergence

ring

GE PTNAccess ring

Core node

Backbone node

iWDMiWDM

Core equipment room

Convergence node

PTN

Router

iWDM

Core router

SR/BRAS

Convergence layer (iWDM sinks OLT nodes to solve the

fixed network service operation

bearing.)

Important group client FE

FE

RNC RNC RNC RNC

Full-service convergence area

OLT

ODUONU

CMNetCMNet

iWDMiWDM

Full-service convergence area

OLT

ODUONU

PTN bears high-value services.

3G 3G

• iWDM sinks to the convergence node to achieve the PON upstream bearing, which conforms to the future evolution trend of the PON technology.

• The core-layer iWDM and PTN jointly achieves the TD bearing scheduling to increase the network flexibility.

OTN,WSONOTN,WSON

Overall Structure of Full-Service Operation by Joint PTN/iWDM Networking

Optical Fiber

SDH/SONET

GFP

PacketSwitch

Optical Fiber

GE / 10 GE,SDH/SONET

Packet Switch

PacketTraffic

TDMTraffic

PacketTraffic

TDMTraffic

CE

Optical Fiber

GE / 10 GE,SDH/SONET,

ODU 1/2/3

Packet TDM switch switch

PacketTraffic

TDMTraffic

Hybrid switch

L0

L1

L2

Optical Fiber

SDH/SONET

GFP

PacketSwitch

Optical Fiber

GE / 10 GE,SDH/SONET

Packet Switch

PacketTraffic

TDMTraffic

PacketTraffic

TDMTraffic

CE

Optical Fiber

GE / 10 GE,SDH/SONET,

ODU 1/2/3

Packet TDM switch switch

PacketTraffic

TDMTraffic

Hybrid switch

L0

L1

L2

MSTP PTN P-OTN

Evolution form 2G to 3G

IP RAN FMC

P-OTN is a solution in the process of network IP orientation. Its drive comes the merger of multiple layers networks and network flattening.

The service packet evolution brings the revolution of the bearer network technology.

The time window of the transitional network evolution from TDM to packet evolution.The time window is shortThe carriers are in great need of TDM and packet services simultaneously.The time window of PTN at the edge is longer.

SDH/SDH/SONET&PTSONET&PT

NN

VerizonVerizon

China Mobile

FTFT

VFVF

EtisalatEtisalat

Ca

rrier

Ca

rrier

OTN&PTNOTN&PTN

P-OTN

The longer time window not only meets the evolution needs from TDM to packet, but also optimizes the packet service bearing by merging the OTN optical network technology, which is the technological evolution trend.There is much room for P-OTN to achieve the uniform bearing scheme at the convergence layer.

TLFTLF

Different Patterns of P-OTN

AggregationCoreVOD Local ServerVOD Local ServerSHESHE

GE/10GEGE/10GE

TV STB

PC

PC

GPONGPONOLTOLT

GPONGPONONUONU

TV STBTV STBGPONGPONONUONU

DSLADSLAMM

GEGE

10GbE10GbE

MME/S-GWMME/S-GW

RoutersRouters

Long Haul

Legacy

NG-SDH Ring

Access

TV STBTV STB

National TVBroadcast (OTN)

Aggregation(PTN)

VOD/Multicast(PTN)

PTN

Voice (PTN or SDH)

FE/GEFE/GE

BOD/VPNBOD/VPN

P-OTN Product Application

BOD(OTN/PTN)

P-OTN

CWDMCWDM

OTN/P-OTN

Backbone

RoutersRouters

PTN