Beamer Example
-
Upload
mariano-mantovani -
Category
Documents
-
view
84 -
download
2
Transcript of Beamer Example
IntroductionIndustry and Data
Results and conclusions
Strategic Analysis Through Patent Data
Mariano A. Mantovani
Politecnico di Torino
October, 2014
Supervisor: Dr. Giuseppe Scellato
Mariano A. Mantovani Strategic Analysis Through Patent Data
IntroductionIndustry and Data
Results and conclusions
Outline
1 IntroductionObjectivesTheoretical FrameworkIndicators
2 Industry and DataThe Aircraft Manufacturing IndustryTimelineDataset Construction
3 Results and conclusionsResultsSelected Profitability IndicatorsAirbus in 2006
Mariano A. Mantovani Strategic Analysis Through Patent Data
IntroductionIndustry and Data
Results and conclusions
ObjectivesTheoretical FrameworkIndicators
Objectives
This thesis has the following objectives
Analyze the technological portfolios of the companies.
Test methods for computing distance, coherence andconcentration of their knowledge base.
Analyze the evolution of the innovative strategies and financeperformance of companies in the aeronautic sector, inparticular: Airbus and Boeing.
Mariano A. Mantovani Strategic Analysis Through Patent Data
IntroductionIndustry and Data
Results and conclusions
ObjectivesTheoretical FrameworkIndicators
Main Elements
Knowledge-Based View of the firm: Similar to RBV (Penrose),Knowledge is the main resource for acquiring competitiveadvantage (Grantt, Aino) and factor of production.
Indicators
Concentration (Leten-Firms and markets concentration).Coherence (Nesta Innovative performance of farmaceuticalfirms,Quatraro-Knowledge transferences and its effects inproduction, Bart Leten-Diversification and performance offirms)Distance (Jaffe-Technological opportunities and Spillovers,Bar-Technological distance between firms)
Mariano A. Mantovani Strategic Analysis Through Patent Data
IntroductionIndustry and Data
Results and conclusions
ObjectivesTheoretical FrameworkIndicators
Herfindahl Index
Used to measure the degree of concentration of patents amongdierent classes. The index takes a value of 1 when patents tend tobe concentrated between few classes and of 0 when they arespread.
HI =∑i
(Ni
N)2 (1)
Mariano A. Mantovani Strategic Analysis Through Patent Data
IntroductionIndustry and Data
Results and conclusions
ObjectivesTheoretical FrameworkIndicators
Coherence of the Knowledge Base
Coherence is based on the degree of technological relatednessaccording to a randomness test. Weighted average relatedness oftechnology is dened as:
WARi =
∑i 6=j τijpj∑i 6=j pj
(2)
The coherence of the firm’s knowledge base estimates the averagerelatedness of any technology randomly chosen within the rm withrespect to any other technology.
COH =n∑
i=1
(pi∑i pi
WARi ) (3)
Mariano A. Mantovani Strategic Analysis Through Patent Data
IntroductionIndustry and Data
Results and conclusions
ObjectivesTheoretical FrameworkIndicators
Distance Indicators
Min-Complement Distance
The complement of the share of overlap.
M(Pi ,Pj) = 1 −n∑k
MIN(pik , pjk) (4)
Cosine Index
Measures the cosine of the angle of the vectors.
C (A,B) = 1 −∑n
i=1(tfai logNpi
ni)(tfbi log
Npi
ni)√∑n
i=1(tfai logNpi
ni)2√∑n
i=1(tfbi logNpi
ni)2
(5)
Logarithms are adjustments for information content weighting.
Mariano A. Mantovani Strategic Analysis Through Patent Data
IntroductionIndustry and Data
Results and conclusions
The Aircraft Manufacturing IndustryTimelineDataset Construction
Main Aspects of the Industry
Duopolistic structure.
Huge overhead and R&D expenditures.
Backlog.
High barriers to entry and exit.
Airbus Group
Formed as EADS in 2000.Project to unify the industry inEurope. 80% of revenues comefrom CA, competitive on thissector, but lately also in spaceand helicopters.
Boeing Company
Strongly tied to American historyand government, founded in1916, boosted by wars and spacecampaigns. Competitive in CivilAircraft but also in defense andspace.
Mariano A. Mantovani Strategic Analysis Through Patent Data
IntroductionIndustry and Data
Results and conclusions
The Aircraft Manufacturing IndustryTimelineDataset Construction
Some Events of the Past Decade
Mariano A. Mantovani Strategic Analysis Through Patent Data
IntroductionIndustry and Data
Results and conclusions
The Aircraft Manufacturing IndustryTimelineDataset Construction
Dataset Construction
The analysis is performed using the Thomson patent database.
Patents are grouped by families and inventive activity by thepriority date.
Countings are done according to the IPC classification at classand group levels.
The time framework is from 2000 to 2011.
Financial information and other corporate information is obtainedfrom the Annual Reports, disclosed to the public every year.
Mariano A. Mantovani Strategic Analysis Through Patent Data
IntroductionIndustry and Data
Results and conclusions
The Aircraft Manufacturing IndustryTimelineDataset Construction
Dataset Construction
Using the data:
Compute of concentration at the class level for each portfolio.
Compute of the distance using both indicators at class andgroup level for the most relevant class.
Construction of a matrix of relatedness of the classes andcomputation of the coherence of the knowledge base of eachcompany.
Mariano A. Mantovani Strategic Analysis Through Patent Data
IntroductionIndustry and Data
Results and conclusions
ResultsSelected Profitability IndicatorsAirbus in 2006
Concentrations
The concentration measureshows that Airbus inventions areclassified with moreconcentration, while Boeingremains relatively constant.Please note the increase forAirbus from 2005 to 2006. Highfrequency classes:
B64: Aircraft, aviation,cosmonautics.
G01: Measuring, testing.
Mariano A. Mantovani Strategic Analysis Through Patent Data
IntroductionIndustry and Data
Results and conclusions
ResultsSelected Profitability IndicatorsAirbus in 2006
Distance - Class Level
Bothdistancemeasuresshow thesamepattern.Since year2007 starts adiversifica-tionprocess.
Mariano A. Mantovani Strategic Analysis Through Patent Data
IntroductionIndustry and Data
Results and conclusions
ResultsSelected Profitability IndicatorsAirbus in 2006
Selected Evidence of the Distance
The graph showsthe percentage ofinventions of eachportfolio thatclassifies into G01.Notice increasingand decreasingrates from year2007.
Mariano A. Mantovani Strategic Analysis Through Patent Data
IntroductionIndustry and Data
Results and conclusions
ResultsSelected Profitability IndicatorsAirbus in 2006
Coherence
Coherence may increasefor two reasons:
Investments classifyconstantly to thesame class.
Investments areclassified in classeswith positiverelatedness.
The companies underanalysis follow mostly thesame path.
Mariano A. Mantovani Strategic Analysis Through Patent Data
IntroductionIndustry and Data
Results and conclusions
ResultsSelected Profitability IndicatorsAirbus in 2006
Returns on Assets
2002 and 2009 falls inworld passenger trafficcaused by the terroristattacks and theinternational financialcrisis. Airbus ratios in2006 and 2007 havedifferent causes.
Mariano A. Mantovani Strategic Analysis Through Patent Data
IntroductionIndustry and Data
Results and conclusions
ResultsSelected Profitability IndicatorsAirbus in 2006
Some Events of the Past Decade
Mariano A. Mantovani Strategic Analysis Through Patent Data
IntroductionIndustry and Data
Results and conclusions
ResultsSelected Profitability IndicatorsAirbus in 2006
Airbus in 2006 and the Power8 Program
Airbus suffered falls in profitability in 2006 due to technologicalproblems -Result of unsuccessful R&D- with the A380 and otherprojects like the A400M and the A350.
Two points of thePower8 Program:
Develop Faster
Focus on CoreBusinessActivities
Mariano A. Mantovani Strategic Analysis Through Patent Data
IntroductionIndustry and Data
Results and conclusions
ResultsSelected Profitability IndicatorsAirbus in 2006
Conclusions, advantages and drawbacks
A couple of drawbacks
Related to patent procedure and database
Other ways of protecting knowledge
Coclusion and Advantages
Results show a dependence between the firms performance andinventive activity. Measuring patent portfolios with indicatorsallows to:
Find periods and fields of diversification and hence
locate and describe trends on the inventive strategy ofincumbents
Mariano A. Mantovani Strategic Analysis Through Patent Data
IntroductionIndustry and Data
Results and conclusions
ResultsSelected Profitability IndicatorsAirbus in 2006
Thank for your attention
Mariano A. Mantovani Strategic Analysis Through Patent Data