Beak-Shaped Monopole-Like Slot UWB Antenna for Modern...

Beak-Shaped Monopole-Like Slot UWB Antenna for

Modern Wireless Communication Systems

R. Sambasiva Nayak,*

Research Scholar, Department of ECE,

Dr.R.P. Singh,*

Vice-Chancellor,

Dr.M. Satya Sai Ram, #

HOD, Department of ECE,

Dr. G.R. Selokar,*

Registrar,

Dr. Pushpendra Sharma,*

Deputy Registrar,

Dr.Sonal Bharti,*

Dean, School of Engineering,

Prof Alka Thakur,*

HOD, Department of ECE,

*Sri Satya Sai University of Technology and Medical Science, Sehore, Bhopal, Madhya

Pradesh, India.

#Chalapathi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chalapathi Nagar, Guntur, Andhra

Pradesh, India

E-mail:[email protected], [email protected],[email protected].

ABSTRACT

In this paper, a completely unique microstrip-line fed beak-shaped monopole-like slot

UWB antenna is planned for increased UltraWideband, Bluetooth, GPS, and GSM

applications. In which, a beak-shaped divergent patch is fed by a microstrip-line and a

sq. the ground plane is defected by etching a hexangular slot. 2 triangular slots at

intervals the beak-shaped radiator and hexagonal-shaped defect at intervals the bottom

plane unit of measurement used to acquire GPS, GSM, and Bluetooth. Moreover, the

information measure of Associate in the nursing antenna is magnified by etching a

triangular slot at the junction of patch and feeding line. The antenna is fictitious on 1.6

mm thick industrial accessible FR4 material. The antenna offers Associate in Nursing

increased information measure with the voltage stationary wave magnitude relation

International Journal of Research

Volume 6, Issue XII, December/2017

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ss

Textbox

E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

INDEX TERMS

Monopole Antenna, Bluetooth, UWB, Microstrip Antenna, Beak-Shaped.

INTRODUCTION

UWB communication technology has been developed widely and rapidly in the last

decade. In UWB communication systems, one of the foremost issues is a design of a

simple, compact, and multifunctional antenna integrated with the portable devices. This

antenna can reduce the complexity of the receiver and transmitter section of the system.

Recently, microstrip antennas have attracted much attention due to their abundant

advantages such as simple structure, low profile, high data rate, easy integration with

monolithic microwave integrated circuits, and ease of fabrication. In the literature, many

techniques have been reported to design a wideband antenna such as by loading of

inverted L-strip over the conventional radiator patch antenna. The bandwidth of the

square monopole is improved by adding a crossed plate at the middle portion of the

square plate. The simple printed hexagonal-shaped, fork-shaped monopole and a circle-

like slot with trident-shaped feed line and two nested C-shaped stubs can also be used for

wider bandwidth. A planar arc-shaped monopole antenna with a rectangular parasitic

patch and printed wide-slot antennas with E-shaped patches and slots are used to fulfill

the FCCs expectation. The tapered slot antenna can also be used for bandwidth

enhancement. The antennas discussed so far mainly cover UWB bandwidth up to 12 GHz

and very limited papers are reported on the enhanced bandwidth. The semi-elliptically

fractal complementary slot into the antennas symmetrical ground plane and semi-

elliptical slot are used to obtain bandwidth up to 20 GHz. In this section, a novel

microstrip-line fed beak-shaped monopole-like slot UWB antenna is proposed for

enhanced UWB band, blue tooth, GSM, and GPS applications. In which a beak-shaped

radiating patch is fed by a microstrip-line and a square ground plane is defected by

etching a hexagonal slot. Two triangular slot in the beak-shaped radiator and the

hexagonal-shaped defect in the ground plane are used to obtain GPS (1520-1590 MHz),

GSM (1770-1840 MHz), and blue tooth (2385-2490 MHz). Furthermore, the bandwidth

of an antenna is enhanced by etching a triangular slot at the junction of patch and feeding



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line. The antenna with a compact size of 24 mm × 24 mm is fabricated on 1.6 mm thick

commercial available FR4 material; the layout photograph of the antenna is shown in the

Figure 1. The key parameters which affect the performance of the antenna are used for

parametric variation and will be discussed in next section.

Figure 1: Layout Photograph of the Proposed Antenna.

ANTENNA DESIGN

The geometry of the proposed UWB antenna, as shown in Figure 2, consists of a patch

printed on the top layer of a commercially FR4 epoxy substrate with dielectric relative

permittivity (r) of 4.4 with a thickness of 1.6 mm and a hexagonal-shaped slot etched

from a square conducting ground plane on the other side. The side of the square ground

plane is 24 mm and placed in the x-y plane.



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Figure 2: Schematic Configuration and Photograph of the Proposed Antenna.

Table 1: Parameters of the Proposed Antenna

The top layer of the antenna consists of the radiator; microstrip feed line, and wideband

matching. The basis of the radiator is a rhombus-shaped patch, which has the diagonals of

length (Lp1+Lp2) and width (Wp1+ Wp2), and finally the structure is optimized into a

beak-shaped structure to achieve enhanced ultra wide bandwidth. Furthermore, two back

to back triangular-shaped slots are etched into the beak-shaped radiator to achieve better

Parameters S Lp1 Lp2 Lp3 Lp4 Lf

Unit(mm) 24 4.5 6.0 2.25 2.24 8.25

Parameters Wp1 Wp2 Wp3 Ws Wf Wg1

Unit (mm) 3.4 8.5 3.5 0.77 2.6 23

Parameters Lg1 Lg2 Lg3 Lg4 Wg2 Wg3

Unit (mm) 10 10.75 3.25 8.25 22 4.0



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impedance matching at the lower bands. This radiating structure will act as an open load

to the feeding line. The width of the microstrip-line feed is fixed at 2.6 mm to achieve

50 characteristic impedance and a triangular slot at the junction of radiator and the feed

line provide a wider matching. Thus the size of this section is very important in achieving

wide bandwidth and it can increase the upper frequency and decrease reflection in higher

band. The square ground plane is modified by etching a hexagonal-shaped slot in it to get

better impedance matching over an entire frequency band. Thus, the ground plane will

behave like a defected structure and will act as a radiator which radiates the energy

perpendicular to the plane of the antenna. This slot will provide a significant capacitive

effect. Its capacitive behavior along with the inductive behavior of the patch will agitate

the different harmonics due to a generation of travelling waves. As the radiator is on the

other side of the defected ground plane over the hexagonal slot, the location of the patch

over slot is a major factor to cause over-strong capacitive coupling.

PARAMETRIC STUDY

The proposed antenna is optimized and numerically investigated using the

electromagnetic solver, Ansoft HFSS. All major parameters are studied to find their

influence on the impedance matching of the proposed antenna. The optimized dimensions

of the antenna are listed in Table .1.

VARIATION OF RADIATOR PARAMETERS



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Figure 3: Influence of L p2 on the VSWR of the Proposed Antenna

Figure 3 shows the simulated VSWR curves for different values of the upper length Lp2

of the beak-shaped radiator. As seen from the figure, the L p2 mainly influence the lower

frequency band as it varies from 3 to 7 mm. As Lp2 varies furthermore it affect middle

band of the antenna. Therefore, the optimized value of Lp2 is chosen as 6 mm. The

influence of the width W p2 of the beak-shaped radiator on the simulated VSWR of an

antenna is shown in Figure 4. It is observed that impedance mismatch for the entire band

improves significantly; therefore the optimized value of Wp2 is chosen as 8.5 mm. Figure

5 shows the simulated VSWR curves for different values of the triangular slot Ws at the

junction of radiator and feed line.



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Figure 4: Influence of Wp2 on the VSWR of the Proposed Antenna

Figure 5: Influence of Wp2 on the VSWR of the Proposed Antenna



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As seen from the figure, the W s mainly improves the matching at higher frequency band.

Therefore, the optimized value of Ws is chosen as 0.77 mm.

VARIATION ON GROUND PARAMETERS

The influence of the width W g2 of hexagon-shaped slot in the ground plane on the

simulated VSWR of antenna is shown in Figure 6. It is observed that impedance

mismatch for the entire band improves significantly; therefore the optimize d value of

Wg2 is chosen as 22 mm.

Figure 6: Influence of W g2 on the VSWR of the Proposed Antenna

Figure 7 shows the influence of the simulated VSWR with length Lg2 of a hexagonal slot

in the ground plane as it varies from 08.75 to 12.75 mm. It is seen from the figure that L

g2 mainly influence the middle band of the entire frequency band. The impedance

mismatch of the middle band significantly improves as the length L g2 increases from

08.75 to 10.75 mm and again degraded with furthermore increase. Thus, the optimized

value of Lg2 is chosen as 10.75 mm. Further, the length Lg3 of a hexagonal slot in the

ground plane also affects the antenna performance. Figure 8 shows the variation of

simulated VSWR with the length Lg3 of a hexagonal slot in the ground plane varies from



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3.25 to 7.25 mm. It is found that the length Lg3 mainly influences the lower band and it

has a little effect on the higher band of the entire band of the antenna. The optimized

value of the Lg3 is chosen as 3.25 mm.

Figure 7: Influence of Lg2 on the VSWR of the Proposed Antenna

Figure 8: Influence of L g3 on the VSWR of the Proposed Antenna



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CURRENT DISTRIBUTION

To verify UWB operation, the simulated surface current distribution at different

frequencies, 3.87, 7.37, 9.5, 12.87, 18.12, and 22.25 GHz are shown in Figure 9. It is

observed from the Figures 9 (a)-9 (f), the strong surface current flows along the junction

at feeding line, triangular slot in the patch and hexagonal-shaped slot. This clearly

indicates that triangular slot at the junction of the radiating patch and feeding line

provides a wide impedance matching for the entire band.

Figure 4.9: Current Distribution at Various Sampling Frequency of the Antenna



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TIME DOMAIN ANALYSIS

Time domain analysis of the proposed UWB antenna is also carried out to measure the

pulse handling capability and fidelity factors. These studies are carried out by placing two

antennas (transmitter and receiver) in the far-field region (side-by-side y-direction, and

side-by-side x-direction). The transmitter is excited by a Gaussian signal that complies

with the FCC indoor and outdoor power spectrum mask. Fig. 4.10 shows the input and

received signals in the far-field region (side-by-side y-direction and side-by-side x-

direction). The low-distortion time domain performance of the miniaturized antenna is

also confirmed by calculating the fidelity factor.

Figure 4.10: Input and Received Pulse in Different Orientations of Proposed Antenna

Fidelity factor is used to measure the degree of similarity or correlation between the

transmitted and received pulses. The fidelity factors in the case of side-by-side y-

direction and side-by-side x-direction are obtained as 50 and 74.4% respectively.



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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The performance of the proposed antenna such as VSWR and radiation patterns is

measured using Agilent N5230A vector network analyzer. The measured and simulated

VSWR curves of the proposed UWB antenna is shown in Figure 11. It is observed from

the Fig. 11 that the simulated and measured results are in good agreement. The small

difference between the measured and simulated results is due to the effect of SMA

connector soldering and fabrication tolerance. The designed antenna offers a bandwidth

of 24.26 GHz from 0.24 to 24.5 GHz which meets the bandwidth requirements of

WLAN/WiMAX bands. Figure 12(a)-12(f) shows the 2-D far-field radiation patterns in

the E-planes at sampling frequencies of 3.87, 7.37, 9.5, 12.87, 18.12 and 22.25 GHz,

respectively. It is found that the antenna has nearly good omnidirectional radiation

patterns at all frequencies in the E-plane (xy-plane). These patterns are suitable for

application in most of the wireless communication equipment, as expected.

11: Simulated and Measured VSWR Curves of the Antenna



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Figure 12: RP at Various Sampling Frequency of the Proposed Antenna.



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CONCLUSION

In this section, a novel microstrip-line fed beak-shaped monopole-like UWB antenna is

successfully presented and designed. The antenna shows good impedance matching

characteristic, constant gain and omnidirectional radiation patterns over the entire

operating bandwidth from 0.24 to 24.5 GHz (24.26 GHz). This antenna can be used for

UWB, bluetooth, GSM and GPS applications and systems. In many applications of the

UWB antenna, the antenna size is of major concern such as the UWB antenna for oil

pipeline imaging. The antenna size must be small enough to fit into a pipeline without

obstructing the flow of the liquids. Therefore, in the next chapter, an annular ring radiator

with slotted ground plane will be explored for pipeline imaging applications.

REFERENCES

1. S. Ghosh, Design of planar crossed monopole antenna for ultrawideband

communication, IEEE Antenna Wireless Propag Lett 10 (2011), 548–551.

2. J. Y. Siddiqui, M. Antar, A. P. Freundorfer, E. C. Smith, G. A. Morin, and T.

Thaya-paran, “Design of an ultrawideband antipodal tapered slot a ntenna using

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2010.

4. T.Syamkumar, R.Samba Siva Nayak “A Security Solution for wireless local area

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5. A.K. Gautam, R. Chandel, and B.Kr Kanaujia, A CPW-fed hexagonal-shape

monopole-like UWB antenna, Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55 (2013), 2582–

2587.



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6. Praveen Kumar Pachala, R.Samba Siva Nayak, “GPS Based Vehicle Tracking

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Engg., Guntur, from 25-26th February 2010,pp:59.

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sciences (IJ -ETA-ETS), ISSN: 0974-3588 | July ’12 – December ’12 | Volume 5 :

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Propagation in Birefringent Fibers”, Published in the International Journal of

Management, IT and Engineering, (IJMRA), ISSN: 2249-0558 Volume‐2, Issue‐1,

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exagonal-shape monopole-like UWB antenna,” Microwave and Optical

Technology Letters, pp. 2624– 2628, November 2013.



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13. M. K. Shrivastava, A. K. Gautam, and B. K. Kanaujia, “An M-shaped monopole

like slot UWB antenna,” Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 56, pp.

127–131, Jan 2014.

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using Frame work ”, proceedings of National Conference on Signal Processing

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Engg., Guntur, from 25-26th February 2010, pp:3.

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Architecture ” Proceedings of International Conference on Embedded Electronics

and Computing Systems (EECS), organized by S K R Engineering College,

Chennai, from 29-30th July, 2011.

16. S.R. Emadian, C. Ghobadi, J. Nourinia, M. Mirmozafari, and J. Pourahmadazar,

Bandwidth enhancement of CPW-fed circle-like slot antenna with dualband-

notched characteristic, IEEE Antenna Wireless Propag Lett 11 (2012), 543–546.

17. S.K. Mishra, R.K. Gupta, A. Vaidya, and J. Mukherjee, A compact dual-band

fork-shaped monopole antenna for bluetooth and UWB applications, IEEE

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18. R. Sambasiva Nayak, Dr.R.P. Singh, Dr.M. Satya Sai Ram, Dr. G.R. Selokar,Dr.

Pushpendra Sharma, Dr.Sonal Bharti, Alka Thakur “RSS UWB Antenna for

Contemporary Wireless Communication Systems” JASC: Journal of Applied

Science and Computations, ISSN NO: 0076-5131,Volume 4, Issue 6, November

/2017, ,pp:189.

19. R Samba Siva Nayak, Dr. R.P. Singh “Performance and Improvement of Various

Antennas in Modern Wireless Communication System” International Journal of

Advance Research in Science and Engineering, December 2017. ISSN: 2319-

8354, Vol 6, Issue 4, Pages: 1164-1170.

20. R. Sambasiva Nayak, R.P. Singh” Performance and Improvement of Antenna

Designs in Modern Wireless Communication System” Journal of Microwave

Engineering & Technologies, ISSN: 2349-9001 (Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, 2017,

and PP: 5-10. JoMET (2017) 5-10 © STM Journals 2017.



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21. R Samba Siva Nayak, Dr. R.P. Singh “Performance and Improvement of Various

Antennas in Modern Wireless Communication System” International Conference

on Advance Studies in Engineering and Sciences (ICASES-17), Sri Satya Sai

University of Technology & Medical Sciences, Sehore, and Madhya Pradesh,

India, 2nd December 2017, ISBN: 978-93-86171-83-2, PP:1346-1352.

Authors-

R.Samba Siva Nayak is a Research Scholar in the Department of ECE at Sri Satya Sai

University of Technology and Medical Sciences, Sehore, Madhya

Pradesh. He has completed Graduated (B.Tech) in ECE from ANU,

India and Post Graduated (M.Tech) in DECS from JNTUH, India. He

has 15 years of teaching, research, and administrative experience. He

has been active in research for more than 10 years and published 30

journals, 16 National & 28 International Conferences in the field of Communications. He

is a Member in ISTE, IAENG, IACSIT, and UA ECE & Editorial Board Member etc. His

research interests Antennas, Mobile/Cellular Systems, and Digital Image Processing.

.Dr. Singh has 39 years of teaching, research, and administrative experience as

Professor. He has worked as Professor In-charge Academic and

Chairman Admission Committee Dean (Academic) & Dean (R/D) at

MACT /MANIT, Bhopal. He has published 125 papers in National /

International reputed and indexed Journals including SCI. He has

worked as Secretary, Chairman, IETE, M.P. and C.G. and Council

Member, IETE. He was first Counselor of IEEE student’s chapter at MACT, Bhopal. He

has been member of Executive Committee, Institution of Engineers (I) M.P. Circle. He

was Chairman of Computer Society of India. Bhopal. He was member of Board of

Studies, and Research Degree committee of many UniversitiesHe has been Consulting

Editor of Journal of Institution of Engineers and reviewer in many International/National

Journals. Dr. Singh visited about 70 Institutions as an expert of NBA and about 35

Institutes as AICT/U G.C. expert team for approval. Twenty candidates have completed



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their Ph.D. under his supervision and another six are registered in the area of

Electronics/Communication system and related disciplines.

Dr.M. Satya Sai Ram has 15 years of teaching, research, and administrative experience

as Professor. Obtained B.Tech degree and M.Tech degree from

Nagarjuna University, Guntur. PhD from JNTUH, 2011. He has

worked as Professor and HOD at Chalapathi Institute of Engineering

and Technology, Chalapathi Nagar, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.

He actively involved in research and guiding for UG, PG AND PhD

students in the area of ECE. He has taught a wide variety of courses for UG students and

guided several projects. He has published 50 papers in National/International

Conferences, Journals, and Scopus and indexed Journals including SCI. He is a Life

Member in Indian Society for Technical Education, International Association of

Engineers & Editorial Board Member Also. His research interests Antennas,

Mobile/Cellular Systems, and Signal Processing and VLSI etc.



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