BDS Syllabus 2011

of 125

KeralaUniversityofHealthSciences

Faculty of Dentistry

B.D.SCOURSEREGULATIONS/SYLLABUS

2010

Based on BDS course regulations 2007 framed by the Dental Council of India and approved by the Government of India under the Dentist

Act,1948- vide Government of India, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (Dept. of Health) (Gazette notification, Government of India

No:182,dt Sept. 10th ,2007)

of 125

CONTENTS

SectionI AimsandObjectivesofBDSCourse 3SectionII GeneralOutlineofBDSDegreeCourse 5SectionIII BDSDegree‐courseofstudy 7SectionIV GoalsofBDSCurriculum 10SectionV CompetenciesExpected‐Specialitywise 12

SectionVI

Regulationsfor AdmissiontotheDegreeofBachelorofDentalSurgery1 Eligibility 162 AgeRequirements 163 DurationofCourse 164 AttendanceRequirement,Progress&Conduct 165 SubjectsofStudy 176 Readmission 18

7

Examinations 18a) Scope 18b) Preface 18c) MethodsofEvaluation 19d) InternalAssessmentExamination 19e) SchemeofExamination 19f) DistributionofSubjectsforUniversityExamination 20g) WrittenExamination 20h) Practical/ClinicalExamination 22i) DistributionofMarks 23j) CriteriaforPass 25k) Ranking 25l) AllowedtoKeepTerms.ATKT 25m) Revaluation 26n) GraceMarks 26o) Qualification&ExperiencetobeeligibleforexaminershipforBDSExaminations 26

p) Numberandsubjectofexaminersforpractical/ClinicalandVivavoceexamination 268 MinimumWorkingHoursforeachSubjectofStudy 27

SectionVII RecommendedBooks 31

SectionVIII

SyllabusofStudy1 GeneralAnatomyincludingEmbryologyandHistology 372 GeneralHumanPhysiology 433 Biochemistry 484 DentalAnatomy,EmbryologyandOralhistology 525 GeneralPathology 566 GeneralMicrobiology 607 DentalMaterials 658 GeneralandDentalPharmacology&Therapeutics 719 PreclinicalConservativeDentistry 7410 Preclinicalorthodontics 7511 PreclinicalProsthodonticsandCrown&Bridge 7612 GeneralMedicine 7713 GeneralSurgery 7914 OralPathology&OralMicrobiology 8115 Periodontology 8716 Paediatric&PreventiveDentistry 9017 OralMedicine&Radiology 9418 Orthodontics&DentofacialOrthopaedics 9919 Oral&MaxillofacialSurgery 10420 ConservativeDentistry&Endodontics 11121 ProsthodonticsandCrown&Bridge 11722 PublicHealthDentistry 120

SectionIX CompulsoryRotatingResident InternshipProgramme(CRRI) 124

of 125

SECTIONI

AimsandObjectivesofBDSCourse

Aims:

Thedentalgraduatesduringtrainingintheinstitutionsshouldacquireadequateknowledge,necessaryskillsandsuchattitudeswhicharerequiredforcarryingoutalltheactivitiesappropriatetogeneraldentalpracticeinvolvingtheprevention,diagnosisandtreatment of anomalies and diseases of the teeth, mouth, jaws and associatedtissues. The graduate should also understand the concept of community oral healtheducation and be able to participate in the rural health care delivery programmesexistinginthecountry.Objectives

The objectives are dealt under three headings namely (a) knowledge andunderstanding(b)skillsand(c)attitudes.(a) KnowledgeandunderstandingThegraduateshouldacquirethefollowingduringtheperiodoftraining.1. Adequateknowledgeofthescientificfoundationsonwhichdentistryisbased

and good understanding of various relevant scientific methods, principles ofbiological functions and should be able to evaluate and analyse scientificallyvariousestablishedfactsanddata.

2. Adequate knowledge of the development, structure and function of the teeth,

mouth and jaws and associated tissues both in health and disease and theirrelationshipandeffectongeneral‐stateofhealthandalsothebearingonphysicalandsocialwell‐beingofthepatient.

3. Adequate knowledge of clinical disciplines and methods, which provide a

coherentpictureofanomalies,lesionsanddiseasesoftheteeth,mouthandjawsandpreventive,diagnosticandtherapeuticaspectsofdentistry.

4. Adequateclinicalexperiencerequiredforgeneraldentalpractice.5. Adequate knowledge of biological function and behaviour of persons in

health and sickness as well as the influence of the natural and socialenvironmentonthestateofhealthsofarasitaffectsdentistry.

of 125

(b) Skills

Agraduateshouldbeabletodemonstratethefollowingskillsnecessaryforpracticeofdentistry:

1. Able todiagnoseandmanagevarious commondentalproblemsencountered in

general dental practice, keeping in mind the expectationsandtherightofthesocietytoreceivethebestpossibletreatmentavailablewhereverpossible.

2. Acquire skill to prevent and manage complications if encountered whilecarryingoutvariousdentalsurgicalandotherprocedures.

3. Possess skill to carry out required investigative procedures and ability tointerpretlaboratoryfindings.

4. Promoteoralhealthandhelptopreventoraldiseaseswhereverpossible.

5. Competentincontrolofpainandanxietyduringdentaltreatment.(c) Attitudes

Agraduateshoulddevelopduringthetrainingperiodthefollowingattitudes.1. Willing to apply current knowledge of dentistry in the best interest of the

patientsandthecommunity.2. Maintainahighstandardofprofessionalethicsandconductandapplytheseinall

aspectsofprofessionallife.3. Seek to improve awareness and provide possible solutions for oral health

problemsandneedsthroughoutthecommunity.4. Willingness to participate in the continuing education programmes to update

knowledgeandprofessionalskillsfromtimetotime.5. To help and to participate in the implementation of national health

programmes.

of 125

SECTIONIIGeneralOutlineofBDSDegreeCourse

1) Theundergraduatecourseinvolvesorganisationofteachingprogramsyear‐

wise.However,thiscourse,asawhole,shoulddemonstrateintegrationofthebasic sciences, clinical dentistry and practical or the laboratory skills. Thecourseshouldbedesignedandintegratedinsuchawayastopermitsmoothprogression from pre‐clinical to clinical phase. Collaboration should beencouragedbetween teachersofbasic sciences, dental sciences and clinicalsubjects.

2) The undergraduate dental course consists of three main components. Thefirst component consists subjects common to medicine and dentistry likeanatomy, physiology, biochemistry and behavioral science, leading topharmacology,pathology,microbiologyandthenontogeneralmedicineandgeneralsurgery.Thesecondcomponentrunsconcurrentlywiththefirstanddeals with special aspects of oral and dental tissues, oral biology and oralpathology.Finally,thethirdcomponentbasedonthefoundationsofthefirsttwo,dealswith theclinicaland technicalaspectsofdentistryas is requiredforgeneraldentalpractice.

3) The first component of the course is intended to provide initially, an

appreciation of normal human structure, development, function andbehavior, leading to understanding of the diseases, its prevention andtreatment.Themainobjectiveistoprovidethestudentabroadknowledgeofthenormal structuresand functionsof thebody, thealterationswhich takeplace in disease with particular reference to those conditions in whichmedicalanddentalco‐operationisessentialforpropermanagement.Atthisstage,thestudentshouldalsobemadeawareofthesocialandpsychologicalaspects of patient care with special reference to the relationship betweendentist and patient. The behavioral sciences including both sociology andpsychologyshouldbeintroducedattheinitialstagesofthetrainingprogram,muchbeforethestudentsactuallydealwiththepatients.

4) The second component of dental undergraduate program includes

instruction in the subjectsdealingwithdental andoral aspects to ensureadetailed knowledge of the structure and function of the dental and oraltissues. This enables the student to diagnose, prevent and treat the dentaland oral diseases and disorders, which were not included in the firstcomponent. The subject of oral biology is to be introduced at this level toprovide the students a comprehensive knowledge and application of oralphysiology, microbiology, biochemistry and oral immunology. StudentsshouldbeexposedtothebasicaspectsofforensicOdontologyatthisstageofthecoursealongwithoralbiology/oralpathology.

of 125

5) The third component of the course comprising the clinical and technicalaspectsofdentistryactuallypreparesthestudenttoundertaketotaloralanddental health care of the patients of all ages. The emphasis at this stageshould be on the prevention of the various dental diseases and how topreserve natural teethwith their supporting structures. The importance ofthe various preventive methods needs to be stressed. The significance ofdiagnosisofvariousdentalandoralproblemsneedstobeemphasizedalongwithtreatmentplanningbeforeactualtreatmentproceduresareundertaken.Inaddition toacquiring theknowledge, thestudentsneed togainadequateclinical hands‐on‐experience in extractions and other minor oral surgicalprocedures, all aspects of Conservative Dentistry, Endodontics, Crown andBridge, provision of partial and complete dentures, various periodontaltherapeutic procedures and use of removable orthodontic appliances.Familiarity with various radiological techniques, particularly intra‐oralmethodsandproperinterpretationoftheradiographs,isanessentialpartofthiscomponentoftrainingandhasapplicationinclinicaldiagnosis,forensicidentification and age estimation. Towards the final stage of the clinicaltraining,eachstudentshouldbeinvolvedincomprehensiveoralhealthcareor holistic approach to enable him or her to plan and treat patients as awhole,insteadofpiece‐mealtreatmentprovidedineachspecialty.Theaimofthe undergraduate program should undoubtedly be to produce a graduate,competentingeneraldentalpractice.

6) Thecommitmenttowardsthesocietyasawholeneedstobestressedalong

withtheknowledgeandtreatmentskillsgained.Instructioninpublichealthdentistry should emphasise the sociological aspects of health careparticularly;oralhealthcare, including the reasons for thevariation inoralanddentalneedsofdifferentsectionsofthesociety.Itisimportanttoknowthe influence of the social, behavioral, environmental and economic factorsonoralanddentalhealth.StudentsshouldbemadeawareoftheNationaloralhealthPolicyandtheimportanceofbeingamemberoftheHealthcareteamdeliveringmedicalandoralhealthcareparticularlyamongruralpopulation.Studentsshouldalsobeencouragedtoparticipateinsimpleresearchprojectwork

7) Theundergraduatecurriculumstressesthesignificanceofinfectionandcross

infection control in dental practice. Aspects like sources of infection,measurestobeadoptedbothgeneralandspecificforcontrol,particularlytheHIVandhepatitisisincorporatedinthecurriculumsothatthegraduatesareawareofitssignificanceandfollowitintheirpractice.

8) The information technology has touched every aspect of an individual's

personal and professional life. The University hence recommends that allundergraduates acquire minimum computer proficiency, which will enablethemtoenhancetheirprofessionalknowledgeandskills.

of 125

SECTIONIIIBDSDegree‐courseofstudy

1) TheundergraduatedentaltrainingprogramleadingtoB.D.S.degreeshallbea

minimum of five years duration in addition to the six months compulsoryrotating internship. During this period, the students shall be required toengage in full timestudyataDentalcollegerecognizedorapprovedby theDentalCouncilof India.During the first fiveyearsofundergraduatecourse,theinstructioninclinicalsubjectsshouldbeatleastforthreeyears.

2) BasicMedical&DentalSubjects:The basic medical and dental sciences comprise Anatomy Gross andMicroscopic, Physiology, Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Oral biology andscienceofDentalMaterials.Subjectslikebehavioralsciences,whichwouldbeusefultodevelopcommunicationskills,shouldalsobeintroducedinthefirstyear itself and spread over the undergraduate course. An introduction toPublic Health Dentistry also will be useful to develop the concept ofcommitment to community. The laboratory skills like pre‐clinicalProsthodontics,CrownandBridge,ConservativedentistryandOrthodonticsistobedevelopedbythestudents.Studyingdentalmorphologyalsoisapartofinitialtraining.Attheendofthisperiodthestudentshouldbeinapositionto understand and comprehend in general the development, structure andfunctionofthehumanbodyinbothhealthanddisease.

3) The instruction in basic dental sciences should include theoretical andpractical aspects of oral anatomy and physiology, to provide a detailedknowledgeoftheformandstructureofteethassociatedtissuesandocclusalrelationships. The study should also aim at development of a conceptregardingphysiologicalandbiochemicalprocessesrelevanttooralcavityforbetterunderstandingof thechanges thatoccurwith theonsetofdisease inthe oral cavity. The student should be made aware of the importance ofvariousdentaltissuesinforensicinvestigation.

4) Clinical,MedicalandDentalsubjects: Thestudentsshouldbeintroducedtoclinicsintheinitialstage,preferablyin

thefirstyear,asanobservertofamiliarizewithclinicalset‐upandworking.Theperiodof instruction intheclinicalsubjectsshallbenot lessthanthreeyearsfulltime.Duringthis,thestudentshallattendadentalhospital,generalhospital,communitycampsandsatelliteclinics,inordertoobtaininstructionandexperienceinthepracticeofdentistry.Themainobjectiveoftraininginclinical dental subjects is to produce a graduate able and competent torecognizeordiagnosevariousdentalandoraldiseases,toundertakegeneraldental treatment,adviceon theprovisionof specialized treatmentavailableand finally advise the patient on prevention. The student should alsounderstandtherelationshipbetweenoralandsystemicdiseases.

of 125

5) The general medicine and surgery training should provide sufficientknowledge on human disease to enable the student to understand itsmanifestationsasrelevanttothepracticeofdentistry.Thisrequiresclinicalteaching on patients and shall be carried out in in‐patient and outpatientmedical departments and specialist clinics. This clinical instruction shouldenable the student to understand and perhaps diagnose common systemicdiseases,whichhave relevance todentalpractice, by adoptinga systematicapproachofhistorytakingandclinicalexamination.Thestudentshouldalsorealize the significance of various general and special investigations in thediagnosis of diseases. The ability to recognize physical and mental illness,dealing with emergencies, effective communication with patients, andinteraction with professional colleagues also become important aspects ofthistraining.

6) All dental students should receive instruction in first‐aid and principles ofcardio‐pulmonary resuscitation. The students should also spend time in anaccidentandemergencydepartmentofaMedicalhospital.

7) Thepurposeoftheclinicaltrainingistoprovidesufficientpracticalskillinallaspects of clinical dentistry. The instruction should also include patientmanagementskills,treatmentofpatientsofallageswithspecialreferencetochildren (pediatric), very elderly (geriatric), medically compromised anddisabledpatients.

8) During the three years of clinical course, the students should receivethoroughinstructionwhichinvolveshistorytaking,diagnosisandtreatmentplanninginallaspectsofdentistryandshouldbecompetentongraduationtocarry out all routine general procedures. In Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery,instruction should include the knowledgeof variousmaxillofacial problemslikeinjuries,infectionsanddeformitiesofthejawsandassociatedstructures.The clinical experience should include those procedures commonlyundertaken in general practice like extraction of teeth, minor oral surgicalprocedure etc. In Conservative dentistry and Endodontics, Prosthodonticsand Crown& Bridge and Periodontology students should be competent ongraduationtocarryoutroutinetreatmentslikerestorationsofvariouskinds,endodonticprocedures,removableProsthodontics,andfinallyvariouskindsofperiodontaltherapy.InOrthodontics&DentofacialOrthopaedics,studentsshouldcarryoutsimpleappliancetherapyincludingmyofacialappliancesforpatients. Students should also be able to appreciate the role of Dentofacialgrowth in the development and treatment of malocclusion. In addition,students should be aware of their limitations on graduation, need to referpatients for consultant opinion and/or treatment and also the need forpostgraduateandcontinuouseducationprogrammes

9) In Paediatric & Preventive Dentistry, the students should concentrate oneffectivemanagementofthebehaviourofthechildpatienttoinstillapositivedentalattitude,onefficacyofpreventivemeasuresandclinicalmanagement,efficacy of preventive measures, treatment needs particularly for children

of 125

withdisabilities.InoralmedicineandRadiology, thestudentshouldreceiveinstruction in various lesions, occurring in the oral cavity with particularreference to oral cancer. All students should receive instructions and gainpracticalexperienceintaking,processingandinterpretationofvarioustypesof intraandextraoralradiographs.Theyshouldbeawareof thehazardsofradiation and proper protective measures from radiation for the patient,operatorandotherstaff.

10) Thesuccessfulcontrolandmanagementofpain isanintegralpartofdental

practice.Upongraduationthestudentsshouldbecompetenttoadministerallforms of local anesthesia. The value of behavioral methods of anxietymanagement should be emphasized. The students should also have thepracticalexperienceintheadministrationofintra‐muscularandintra‐venousinjections. Knowledge of pain mechanisms and strategies to control post‐operativepainisessentialforpracticeofdentistry.

11) Instruction should be given in dental jurisprudence, legal and ethicalobligations of dental practitioners and the constitution and functions ofDentalCouncilofIndia.

12) Infectionand cross infection control assume significance indental practice.

Thestudentsshouldbemadeawareof thepotential riskof transmission inthedentalsurgery,variousinfectiousdiseasesparticularlyHIVandhepatitis.The students should be aware of their professional responsibility for theprotectionofthepatients,themselvesandtheirstaffandtherequirementsofthehealthandsafetyregulations.

13) The subjects of Aesthetic dentistry, Oral Implantology, Behavioral sciencesandForensicOdontologyhaveassumedgreatsignificance.Hence,thesefourspecialties are incorporated into the undergraduate curriculum. Theinstructionandclinicaltraininginaestheticdentistryshallbecarriedoutbythe departments of Prosthodontics and Crown & Bridge and ConservativeDentistry & Endodontics. Similarly, the instruction and clinical training inOral Implantology shallbedoneby thedepartmentsofOral&MaxillofacialSurgery, Prosthodontics and Crown & Bridge and Periodontology. Theinstruction in behavioral sciences should ideally commence before thestudents come in contactwith the patients and shall be carried out by thedepartments of Public Health Dentistry and Paediatric and PreventiveDentistry. Forensic Odontology will be a part of Oral Pathology & OralMicrobiologyandOralMedicineandRadiology.

14) ThemediumofInstructionandexaminationsofBDScoursewillbeinEnglish

language.

of 125

SECTIONIV

GoalsofBDSCurriculum

Atthecompletionoftheundergraduatetrainingprogramthegraduatesshallbecompetentinthefollowing.–

A. GeneralSkills

Applyknowledge&skillsindaytodaypractice Applyprinciplesofethics Analyzetheoutcomeoftreatment Evaluate the scientific literature and information to decide the

treatment Participateandinvolveinprofessionalbodies Selfassessment&willingness toupdate theknowledge&skills from

timetotime Involvementinsimpleresearchprojects Minimumcomputerproficiencytoenhanceknowledgeandskills Referpatientsforconsultationandspecializedtreatment BasicstudyofForensicOdontologyandGeriatricdentalproblems PracticeManagement Evaluate practice location, population dynamics & reimbursement

mechanism Co‐ordinate&supervisetheactivitiesofallieddentalhealthpersonnel Maintenanceofrecords Implement & monitor infection control and environmental safety

programs Practice within the scope of one's competence Communication &

CommunityResources Assess patient’s goals, values and concerns to establish rapport and

guidepatientcare. Abletocommunicatefreely,orallyandinwritingwithallconcerned. Participate in improving the oral health of the individuals through

communityactivities.

B. PatientCare–Diagnosis

Obtainingpatient'shistoryinamethodicalway. Performingthoroughclinicalexamination. Selection and interpretation of clinical, radiological and other

diagnosticinformation. Obtainingappropriateconsultation. Arrivingatprovisional,differentialandfinaldiagnosis.

of 125

C. PatientCare‐TreatmentPlanning

Integrate multiple disciplines into an individual comprehensivesequence treatment plan using diagnostic and prognosticinformation.

1Abletoorderappropriateinvestigations.

D. PatientCare–Treatment

RecognitionandinitialmanagementofmedicalemergenciesthatmayoccurduringDentaltreatment.

Performbasiccardiaclifesupport. Managementofpainincludingpostoperative. Administrationofallformsoflocalanesthesia. Administrationofintramuscularandvenousinjections. Prescription of drugs, pre operative, prophylactic and therapeutic

requirements. Uncomplicatedextractionofteeth. Transalveolarextractionsandremovalofsimpleimpactedteeth. Minororalsurgicalprocedures. ManagementofOro‐facialinfections. Simpleorthodonticappliancetherapy. Taking, processing and interpretation of various types of intra oral

radiographs. Various kinds of restorative procedures using different materials

available. Simpleendodonticprocedures. RemovableandfixedProsthodontics. Variouskindsofperiodontaltherapy.

of 125

SECTIONVCompetenciesexpected‐Specialitywise

ORALMEDICINE&RADIOLOGY

At the completion of the undergraduate training programme the graduateshould:

Beabletoidentifyprecancerousandcancerouslesionsoftheoralcavityandrefertotheconcernedspecialtyfortheirmanagement.

Have an adequate knowledge about common laboratory investigations andinterpretationoftheirresults.

Haveadequateknowledgeaboutmedicalcomplicationsthatcanarisewhiletreating systemically compromised patients and take prior precautions/consentfromtheconcernedmedicalspecialist.

Have adequate knowledge about radiation health hazards, radiation safetyandprotection.

Be competent to take intra‐oral radiographsand interpret the radiographicfindings

Gainadequateknowledgeofvariousextra‐oralradiographicprocedures,TMJradiographyandsialography.

Beawareof the importanceof intra‐andextra‐oral radiographs in forensicidentificationandageestimation.

Be familiar with jurisprudence, ethics and understand the significance ofdentalrecordswithrespecttolaw.

ORAL&MAXILLOFACIALSURGERY


Be able to apply the knowledge gained in the basic medical and clinicalsubjectsinthemanagementofpatientswithsurgicalproblems.

Beabletodiagnose,manageandtreatpatientswithbasicoralsurgicalproblem

Haveabroadknowledgeofmaxillofacialsurgeryandoralimplantology. Befamiliarwithlegal,ethicalandmoralissuespertainingtothepatientcare

andcommunicationskills. Haveacquiredtheskilltoexamineanypatientwithanoralsurgicalproblem

inanorderlymanner. Understandandpracticethebasicprinciplesofasepsisandsterilization. Be competent in the extraction of the teeth under both local and general

anesthesia. Be Competent to carry out certain minor oral surgical procedures under

Local Anesthesia like trans‐alveolar extraction, frenectomy, Dentoalveolarprocedures,simpleimpaction,biopsy,etc.

of 125

Be Competent to assess, prevent and manage common complications thatariseduringandafterminororalsurgery.

Abletoprovideprimarycareandmanagemedicalemergenciesinthedentaloffice.

Be familiar with the management of major oral surgical problems andprinciplesinvolvedinthein‐patientmanagement.

PERIODONTOLOGY


Be able to diagnose the patient’s periodontal problem, plan and performappropriateperiodontaltreatment.

BeCompetenttoeducateandmotivatethepatient. BeCompetenttoperformthoroughoralprophylaxis,subgingivalscaling,root

planningandminorperiodontalsurgicalprocedures. Give proper post treatment instructions and do periodic recall and

evaluation. BeFamiliarwith concepts of osseointegration andbasic surgical aspects of

implantology.CONSERVATIVEDENTISTRYANDENDODONTICS


BeCompetenttodiagnoseallcariouslesions. BeCompetent toperformClass I andClass II cavities and their restoration

withamalgam. BeabletorestoreclassVandClassIIIcavitieswithglassionomercement. Be able to diagnose and appropriately treat pulpally involved teeth (pulp

cappingprocedures). BeabletoperformRCTforanteriorteeth Becompetenttocarryoutsmallcompositerestorations Understandtheprinciplesofaestheticdentalprocedures

ORTHODONTICSANDDENTOFACIALORTHOPAEDICS


Understand about normal growth and development of facial skeleton anddentition.

Be able to pinpoint aberrations in growth process both dental and skeletalandplannecessarytreatment

of 125

Beabletodiagnosethevariousmalocclusioncategories Beableto motivateandexplaintothepatientandparent/guardianabout

thenecessityoftreatment Be able to plan and execute preventive orthodontics (spacemaintainers or

spaceregainers) Be able to plan and execute interceptive orthodontics (habit breaking

appliances) Beabletomanagetreatmentofsimplemalocclusionsuchasanteriorspacing

usingremovableappliances Be able to handle delivery and activation of removable orthodontic /

myofacialappliances. Be able to diagnose and appropriately refer patients with complex

malocclusiontothespecialistPUBLICHEALTHDENTISTRY


Applytheprinciplesofhealthpromotionanddiseaseprevention. Have knowledge of the organization and provision of health care in

communityandinthehospitalservice HaveknowledgeoftheprevalenceofcommondentalconditionsinIndia Haveknowledgeofcommunitybasedpreventivemeasures Have knowledge of the social, cultural and environmental factors, which

contributetohealthorillness. Be able to administer hygiene instructions, topical fluoride therapy and

fissuresealing. Be able to educate patients concerning the etiology and prevention of oral

diseaseandencouragethemtoassureresponsibilityfortheiroralhealth.PROSTHODONTICSANDCROWN&BRIDGE


Beabletounderstandandusevariousdentalmaterials. Be competent to carry out treatment of conventional complete and partial

removabledenturesandfullveneercrowns. BeabletocarryouttreatmentofroutineProsthodonticprocedures. Be familiarwith the conceptsofosseointegrationand thevalueof implant‐

supportedProsthodonticprocedures. Be able to diagnose and appropriately refer patients requiring complex

treatmentprocedurestothespecialist

of 125

PAEDIATRICANDPREVENTIVEDENTISTRY


Beable to instill apositiveattitudeandbehaviour in children towardsoralhealthandunderstandtheprinciplesofpreventionandpreventivedentistryrightfrombirthtoadolescence.

Be able to guide and counsel the parents/guardian in regards to varioustreatmentmodalitiesincludingdifferentfacetsofpreventivedentistry.

Beabletotreatdentaldiseasesoccurringinchildpatient. Beabletomanagethephysicallyandmentallychallenged/disabledchildren

effectivelyandefficiently,tailoredtotheneedsofindividualrequirementandconditions.

of 125

SECTIONVI

REGULATIONSFORADMISSIONTOTHEDEGREEOFBACHELOROFDENTALSURGERY

1. EligibilityforAdmission:Acandidatemustbeanandshallhavepassed10+2examinationafteraperiodof12yearsofstudyconductedbyBoards/Councils/Intermediateexaminationestablished by State Governments/ Central Government and recognised asequivalenttotwoyearPreUniversityexaminationbytheAssociationofIndianUniversities with English as one of the subjects and Physics, Chemistry andBiology as optional subjects. The candidate shall have passed subjects ofEnglish,Physics,ChemistryandBiologyindividuallyalso.Thecandidateshallhaveobtainednotlessthan50%oftheaggregatemarksinPhysics, Chemistry andBiology taken together at thequalifying examination.Scheduledcastandscheduledtribestudentsshallbegivenrelaxationof10%inthe aggregate marks required for eligibility. Candidate should have securedminimumof 50%marks inPhysics, Chemistry andBiology taken together atthe competitive entrance examinationwhere such examinations are held forselection.

2. Agerequirement:The candidate shall have completed the age of 17 years at the time ofadmissionorwillcompletetheageonorbefore31stDecemberoftheyearinwhichhe/sheseeksadmission.

3. DurationoftheCourse:TheundergraduatedentaltrainingprogrammeleadingtoBDSdegreeshallbeaminimum of 5 years in addition to the six months compulsory Rotatinginternship programme. During this period, the student shall be required tohaveengagedinfulltimestudyataDentalcollegerecognizedorapprovedbythe Dental Council of India. A candidatewho pass the entire subjects of thecourseandundergointernshipsatisfactorilyforsixmonthswillbeeligiblefortheawardofdegreeduringtheensuingconvocation.

4. Attendancerequirement,ProgressandConductAttendancerequirementshallbeasfollows:

a) 80% in theory and 80% in Practical/ clinical, in each subjectseparately in each year. (Candidates should satisfy this attendancerequirementbyphysicalpresenceinallthesubjectsforwhichuniversityexaminationisheldfortheyearofstudy.Leaveevenonmedicalgroundsincludingmaternityleavewillnotbecountedforattendance)

b) In case of subjects in which the instructional programme extendthroughmorethanoneacademicyearandwhenthereisnoUniversityexamination in the subject for aparticular year (i.e. non‐examgoingsubjects), the attendance requirement shall not be less than 70% inLecturesandPractical/Clinicalinthenonexamyear.However,atthetimeofappearingfortheprofessionalexamination inthesubjectthecandidateshouldsatisfytheconditionspecifiedin(a).

c) Failed candidates shall put in aminimum of 75% attendance in thesubjects of failure to be eligible to appear for the subsequentexamination.

of 125

d) In case of unaccounted illness or other contingencies if a candidatecannotsatisfytheconditionspecifiedin(a)andiftheattendance%isnot lessthan70,thenhe/shecanapplyforcondonation,onceduringtheentirecourseofstudy(i.e.5years).ThePrincipalsoftheaffiliatedcolleges inconsultationwith thecollegegoverningcouncil if anyareauthorised to give condonation after verifying the genuinity of therequestandthelistofsuchstudentsstatingthereasonsforthesameshouldbeintimatedtotheuniversity.

e) The percentage of attendance & cumulative attendance should bereported to the University trimonthly. ( i.e. attendance up to themonthsofDecember,March&JunetobereportedbythefirstweekofJanuary,April&Julyrespectively)

5. SubjectsofStudy:FirstYear

a) GeneralHumanAnatomyincludingEmbryologyandHistologyb) General Human Physiology and Biochemistry, Nutrition andDieteticsc) DentalAnatomy,EmbryologyandOralHistologyd) DentalMaterialse) PreclinicalConservativeDentistryf) PreclinicalProsthodonticsandCrown&Bridge

SecondYeara) GeneralPathologyandMicrobiologyb) GeneralandDentalPharmacologyandTherapeuticsc) DentalMaterials d) PreclinicalConservativeDentistrye) PreclinicalProsthodonticsandCrown&Bridgef) PreclinicalOrthodonticsg) OralPathology&OralMicrobiology

ThirdYeara) GeneralMedicineb) GeneralSurgeryc) OralPathologyandOralMicrobiologyd) ConservativeDentistryandEndodonticse) Oral&MaxillofacialSurgeryf) OralMedicineandRadiologyg) Orthodontics&DentofacialOrthopaedicsh) Paediatric&PreventiveDentistryi) Periodontologyj) ProsthodonticsandCrown&Bridge

FourthYeara) Orthodontics&DentofacialOrthopaedicsb) OralMedicine&Radiologyc) Paediatric&PreventiveDentistry d) PublicHealthDentistrye) Prosthodontics&CrownandBridgef) ConservativeDentistryandEndodonticsg) Oral&MaxillofacialSurgeryh) Periodontology

of 125

FifthYeara) Oral&MaxillofacialSurgeryb) ProsthodonticsandCrown&Bridgec) ConservativeDentistryandEndodonticsd) PublicHealthDentistry

EmphasisonComprehensiveDentalCare/Electives/Research

6. READMISSION

ACandidatewhodiscontinuesthecourseiseligibleforreadmissionsubjecttothefollowingconditions:a) Provisionofreadmissionisonlyonceduringtheentirecourseperiod.b) He/she should seek readmissionwithin three years from the date of

discontinuationofthecourse.c) He/she should obtain no objection for readmission both from the

universityandconcernedcollegePrincipal.d) He/she shouldpay theprescribed fees for the year forwhichhe/she

seeksadmissionandcannotclaimreadmissionon thestrengthof thefeespaidearlier.

e) If the candidate discontinues after university examination, he/sheshouldreappearforthesubjectsinwhichhe/shefailedbeforeseekingadmissiontothenexthigherclassbypayingexaminationfeeetc.

f) He/she should satisfy the attendance percentage requirements asprescribed earlier in section IV above before appearing for theuniversityexamination.

7. EXAMINATIONSa) SCOPE:

TheseregulationsshallbeapplicablefortheB.D.S.Degreeexaminations

b) PREFACE:i. Evaluation is a continuous process, which is based upon criteria

developed by the concerned authorities with certain objectives toassesstheperformanceofthelearner.Thisalsoindirectlyhelpsinthemeasurement of effectiveness and quality of the concerned B.D.S.programme.

ii. Evaluationisachievedbytwoprocesses1) Formativeorinternalassessment2) Summativeoruniversityexaminations.

Formative evaluation is done through a series of tests andexaminationsconductedperiodicallybytheinstitution.Summative evaluation is doneby theuniversity through examinationconductedattheendofthespecifiedcourse.

of 125

c) METHODSOFEVALUATION:Evaluationmaybeachievedbythefollowingtestedmethods:i. Writtentestii. Practicalexaminationiii. Clinicalexaminationiv. Vivavoce

d) INTERNALASSESSMENTEXAMINATION:Thecontinuing internalassessmentexaminations in theoryandpractical/clinicalmaybeheldatleasttwiceinaparticularyearfollowedbyamodelexaminationinthepatternofuniversityexaminationtobeheldattheendoftheyearofstudy.Internalassessmentmarksforacandidateinasubjectwill be calculated as the average of, the marks obtained in the modelexaminationandthehighestamongallother internalexaminations, inthesubject.ThisaveragemarkwillbereportedtotheUniversity.TheHeadsoftheDepartmentandCollegePrincipalshouldensurethattheclassaverageof internal assessment marks reported to the University in eachsubject/paper is notmore than75% inboth theoryandpractical/clinicalseparately. For a student to be eligible to appear for the Universityexamination he/she should have secured at least 40% of the maximummarks in internal assessment for both theory and practical/clinical in allsubjects/papers, separately (i.e. minimum 10/25 in theory and 8/20 inpractical/clinical). (For calculating internal assessmentmark in paperswheresubjects are combined viz. General Human Physiology & Biochemistry, GeneralPathology&MicrobiologyandDentalMaterials,marksobtainedinthetwosubjectswill be counted together for reporting to University and for applying all otherstipulationsmentionedabove)When a candidate appears for university examination the first time in aparticularyearhe/sheshouldhaveminimum80%attendanceand40%ofthe maximum marks in internal assessment for both theory andpractical/clinical inall thesubjects inwhichexamination isbeingheld fortheyear,tobeeligibletoappearfortheUniversityExamination.

e) SCHEMEOFEXAMINATION:TheschemeofexaminationforB.D.S.Courseshallbedividedinto1stB.D.S.examination at the end of the first, 2nd B.D.S. examination at the end ofsecond, 3rd B.D.S. examination at the end of third, 4th BDS at the end offourthandfinalB.D.Sattheendoffifthacademicyears.

The examination shall be open to a candidate who satisfies therequirements of attendance, progress and other rules governing theinstitution/University.AttendanceandapplicationformforexaminationofonlyeligiblestudentsshouldbesenttoUniversityfromthecollege.

TheUniversityexaminationforasubjectshallbeconductedtwiceinayearatan intervalofnot less than four tosixmonthsasnotifiedby theuniversity fromtime to time.Anycandidatewhodoesnotclear the IBDSexaminationcompletely infiveattemptswillnotbepermittedtocontinue

of 125

the course and shall be discharged from the institution. The entire BDScourseshouldbecompletedwithinaperiodofmaximum10academicyearsfromthedateofjoining.

f) DistributionofSubjectsforUniversityExamination:IB.D.S.Examination:

i. GeneralAnatomyincludingEmbryologyandHistologyii. GeneralHumanPhysiologyandBiochemistryiii. DentalAnatomy,EmbryologyandOralHistology

IIB.D.S.Examination:Onlyacandidatewhohassuccessfullycompletedandpassedthe1stB.D.S.examinationcanappear.

i. GeneralPathologyandMicrobiologyii. GeneralandDentalPharmacologyandTherapeuticsiii. DentalMaterialsiv. PreClinicalConservativeDentistry(OnlyPracticalandViva)v. Pre Clinical Prosthodontics and Crown & Bridge (Only Practical

andViva)vi. PreClinicalOrthodontics(OnlyPracticalandViva)

IIIB.D.S.Examination:Onlyacandidatewhohassuccessfullycompletedandpassedthe2ndB.D.S.examinationcanappear.

i. GeneralMedicineii. GeneralSurgeryiii. OralPathology&OralMicrobiology

IVB.D.S.Examination:Onlyacandidatewhohassuccessfullycompletedandpassedthe3rdBDSexaminationcanappear.

i. OralMedicineandRadiologyii. Paediatric&PreventiveDentistryiii. Orthodontics&DentofacialOrthopaedicsiv. Periodontology

VBDSExamination:Onlyacandidatewhohassuccessfullycompletedandpassedthe4thBDSexaminationcanappear.

i. Prosthodontics&CrownandBridgeii. ConservativeDentistryandEndodonticsiii. Oral&MaxillofacialSurgeryiv. PublicHealthDentistry

g) WrittenExamination:

i. Thewrittenexaminationineachsubjectshallconsistofonepaperof

threehoursdurationandshallhavemaximummarksof100.TypeofQuestionsandDistributionofmarks forwrittenexaminationshouldbeasgivenintableIgivenbelow.

ii. In the subject of Physiology & Biochemistry each paper will bedividedintotwoSections,SectionA(Gen.Physiology)andSectionB

of 125

(Biochemistry)ofequalmarks.TypeofQuestionsandDistributionofmarksforwrittenexaminationshouldbeasgivenintableIIbelow.

iii. InthesubjectofPathology&Microbiologyeachpaperwillbedividedinto two Sections, Section A (Gen. Pathology) and Section B(Microbiology)ofequalmarks.TypeofQuestionsandDistributionofmarksforwrittenexaminationshouldbeasgivenintableIIIbelow.

iv. InthesubjectofDentalMaterialseachpaperwillbedividedintotwoSections, Section A (Prosthodontics) and Section B (ConservativeDentistry) of equal marks. Type of Questions and Distribution ofmarksforwrittenexaminationshouldbeasgivenintableIVbelow.

v. The question paper should contain different types of questions likeessay,shortessayandshortanswer.

vi. The nature of questions should be aimed to evaluate students ofdifferentstandardsrangingfromaveragetoexcellent.

vii. The questions should cover as broad an area of the content of thecourse. The essay & short essay questions should be properlystructuredandthemarksspecificallyallotted.

TableI.TypeofQuestions

No.ofQuestions

MarksofQuestions TotalMarks

LongEssayType 2 10 20ShortEssayType 10 5 50ShortAnswerType 10 3 30

GrandTotal 100

TableII.

PhysiologyandBiochemistry

Subject TypeofQuestions

No.ofQuestions

MarksofQuestions

TotalMarks

SectionAPhysiology


GrandTotal 50

SubjectTypeofQuestions

No.ofQuestions

MarksofQuestions

TotalMarks

SectionBBiochemistry


GrandTotal 50

of 125

TableIII.PathologyandMicrobiology

SubjectTypeofQuestions

No.ofQuestions

MarksofQuestions

TotalMarks

SectionAPathology


GrandTotal 50


No.ofQuestions

MarksofQuestions

TotalMarks

SectionBMicrobiology


GrandTotal 50

TableIV.

DentalMaterials


No.ofQuestions

MarksofQuestions

TotalMarks

SectionAProsthodontics


GrandTotal 50


No.ofQuestions

MarksofQuestions

TotalMarks

SectionBConservativeDentistry


GrandTotal 50

h) Practical/ClinicalExamination:i. ObjectiveStructuredClinicalEvaluation:

The clinical /practical examination should include different proceduresforthecandidatetoexpressone'sskills.Anumberofexaminationstationswith specific instructions to be carried out may be provided. This caninclude clinical procedures, laboratory experiments, spotters etc.Evaluation must be made objective and structured. The method ofobjective structured clinical examinations should be followed. This willavoid examinerbias becauseboth the examiner and the examinee aregivenspecificinstructionsonwhatistobeobservedateachstation.

of 125

ii. Records/LogBooks:Thecandidateshouldbegivencreditforhisrecordsbasedonthescoresobtained in the record. The marks obtained for the record in the firstappearance can be carried over to the subsequent appearances ifnecessary.

iii. Schemeofclinicalandpracticalexaminations: Thespecificschemeofclinical/practicalexaminations,thetypeofclinical

procedures/experimentstobeperformedandmarksallottedforeacharetobediscussedandfinalizedbytheChairmanandmembersoftheboardof examiners and it is to be published prior to the conduct of theexaminationsalongwiththepublicationofthetimetableforthepracticalexamination.Thisschemeshouldbebroughttothenoticeoftheexternalexaminer as and when the examiner reports. The practical/ clinicalexaminationsshouldbeevaluatedbytwoexaminersofwhichoneshallbean external examiner appointed from other zones of the university oroutsideUniversity.Eachcandidateshouldbeevaluatedbyeachexaminerindependentlyandmarkscomputedattheendoftheexamination.

iv. VivaVoce: Vivavoce isanexcellentmodeofassessmentbecause itpermitsa fairly

broad coverage and it can assess the problem solving capacity of thestudent. An assessment related to the affective domain is also possiblethroughvivavoce.It isdesirabletoconductthevivavoceindependentlybyeachexaminer.Inordertoavoidvaguenessandtomaintainuniformityof standard and coverage, questions can be pre‐formulated beforeadministering them to each student. Twenty fivemarks are exclusivelyallottedforvivavoceandthatcanbedividedamongstthetwoexaminers.

i) DistributionofMarks

i. Foreachpaperinwhichwrittenexaminationisheld:

TheoryUniversitywrittenexamination 100UniversityVivaVoce 25Internalassessment 25Total 150Practical/clinicalUniversityPractical/Clinicalexamination 80Internalassessment 20Total 100Aggregatemarksforeachpaper 250

i. ForPreclinicalExamination inProsthodontics/ConservativeDentistry&

OrthodonticsUniversityPracticalexamination 60Vivavoce 20InternalassessmentPractical 20Total 100Preclinicalexaminationineachsubjectistobeconductedseparately.

of 125

DetailedmarkdistributionofeachpaperforeachsubjectisgiveninTableV

TableV.DistributionofmarksinUniversityexaminationandinternalassessmentforvarioussubjectsfromfirstyeartofifthyear.

YearofStudy

Subjects

Theory Practicals/Clinicals

GrandTotal

University

written

VivaVoce

InternalAssessment

Total

University

examination

InternalAssessment

Total

IBDS

GeneralAnatomyincludingEmbryologyandHistology

100 25 25 150 80 20 100 250

GeneralHuman

Physiologyand

Biochemistry

SectionAPhysiology

50 10 15 75 40 10 50

250SectionB

Biochemistry50 15 10 75 40 10 50

DentalAnatomy,EmbryologyandOral

Histology100 25 25 150 80 20 100 250

IIBDS

GeneralPathology

andMicrobiolo

gy

SectionAPathology

50 10 15 75 40 10 50

250SectionB

Microbiology50 15 10 75 40 10 50

GeneralandDentalPharmacologyandTherapeutics

100 25 25 150 80 20 100 250

DentalMaterials

SectionAProsthodontics

50 10 15 75 40 10 50

250SectionBConservativedentistry

50 15 10 75 40 10 50

PreClinicalConservativeDentistry

‐ 20 ‐ 20 60 20 80 100

PreClinicalProsthodontics ‐ 20 ‐ 20 60 20 80 100PreClinicalOrthodontics ‐ 20 ‐ 20 60 20 80 100

IIIBDS

GeneralMedicine 100 25 25 150 80 20 100 250GeneralSurgery 100 25 25 150 80 20 100 250

OralPathology&OralMicrobiology

100 25 25 150 80 20 100 250

IVBDS

OralMedicineandRadiology 100 25 25 150 80 20 100 250Paediatric&Preventive

Dentistry100 25 25 150 80 20 100 250

Orthodontics&DentofacialOrthopaedics 100 25 25 150 80 20 100 250

PublicHealthDentistry 100 25 25 150 80 20 100 250

VBDS

Prosthodontics&CrownandBridge

100 25 25 150 80 20 100 250

ConservativeDentistryandEndodontics

100 25 25 150 80 20 100 250

Periodontology 100 25 25 150 80 20 100 250Oral&MaxillofacialSurgery 100 25 25 150 80 20 100 250

of 125

j) Criteriaforapass:Fordeclarationofpassinasubject,acandidateshallfulfillthefollowingcriteria:

i. Fiftypercentofthetotalmarksinanysubjectcomputedasaggregatefor

a) theory, i.e., written, viva voce and internal assessment and b)practicalsincludinginternalassessment(125marksoutof250).

ii. A candidate shall secure a minimum aggregate of 50% marks in thetheory section, which includes University theory examination, vivavoce examination and internal assessment (i.e. a minimum of 75marksoutof150).Besidesthisthereshouldbeaseparateminimumof50%fortheuniversitytheory(i.e.50marksoutof100).

iii. IntheUniversityPractical/clinicalexamination,acandidateshallsecure50% of University practical marks and Internal Assessmentcombinedtogether(i.e.aminimumof50outof100marks).Besidesthis thereshouldbea separateminimumof50% for theUniversityPractical/clinicalexam(i.e.40marksoutof80).

iv. In case of Pre clinical Orthodontics, Pre clinical Prosthodontics and PreclinicalConservativeDentistryin2ndBDSexamination,wherethereisnowrittenexamination,minimumforpassis50%ofcombinedtotalmarks of the University Practical, viva voce and the internalassessment(i.e.aminimumof50outof100marks)foreachsubject.Besides this there should be a separate minimum of 50% for theUniversityPracticalexamination(i.e.30marksoutof60).

v. Successfulcandidates,whoobtain60to74%ofgrandtotalmarksi.e.totalof all subjects, shall be declared to have passed the examination inFirst class. Other successful candidates who obtain 50 to 59% ofgrand totalmarkswill be placed in Second Class. A candidatewhoobtains75%andaboveofgrandtotalmarksiseligibleforDistinction.Only those candidateswho pass thewhole examination in the firstattemptwillbeeligiblefordistinctionorfirstclass.

k) Ranking:

i. Only candidateswhohavepassed all the subjects of the examination infirst attempt with 60% or above marks of aggregate will beconsideredforranking.

ii. Marksobtainedinsupplementaryexaminationswillnotbeconsideredforranking.

iii. RankwillbeawardedonlyaftertheFinalBDSexamination.iv. ForrankingintheFinalBDS,aggregatemarkssecuredinallthesubjects

fromItoVBDSwillbecounted.

l) AllowedtoKeepTerms(A.T.K.T.):A candidate who fails in one subject in an examination, except in thesecondyear,ispermittedtogotothenexthigherclass.Buthe/shehastopass that failed subject in order to be eligible to appear for theexaminationofthenexthigherclass.Sinceclinicalstudyinthethirdyearinvolves treatment on patients under the guidance of faculty it ismandatorythatthecandidateshouldclearallthesubjectsofSecondyear

of 125

includingpreclinicalpracticalexaminationsbeforehecanbepromotedtothirdyear

m) Revaluation:Since University is conducting double valuation, Revaluation is notpermitted.ButstudentscanapplyforRetotalingasanoptioniftheythinkthereisanerrorincalculationoftheirtotalmarks.

i. Retotalling:AspertheexistingUniversityrules.

n) GraceMarks:

i. GraceMarkmaybeawardedforexaminations limitingtoamaximumoffive.

ii. OnlyCandidateswhohavepassedallsubjectsexceptone(i.e.failedinonesubjectonly)willbeeligibleforgracemarkstogetawholepass.

iii. GraceMarkmaybeawardedtoeithertheoryorpracticalorboth.

o) QualificationandexperiencetobeeligibleforexaminershipforBDSexamination:

i. M.D.S.DegreeintheconcernedsubjectfromaDCIrecognizedInstitution.ii. FouryearsteachingexperienceinthesubjectafterMDSintheconcerned

subjectinadentalcollegeapproved/recognizedbytheDentalCouncilofIndiaforBDS.

iii. ShouldbequalifiedasperDCItoholdthepostofReaderoraboveinaDentalInstitutionapproved/recognisedbytheDentalCouncilofIndiaforB.D.S.

iv. IncaseofmedicalsubjectsthequalificationofexaminersshallbethesameasthatprescribedbytheMedicalCouncilofIndiafortheconcernedsubject.

Note:1) IncaseofPublicHealthDentistry,asthereisacuteshortageofteachers,

examinerscouldbefromeitherPublicHealthDentistryorPeriodonticsDepartment.

2) FacultymemberswithMDSinPeriodonticsand4yr.teachingexperienceinitwillbeeligibletobeconsideredasexaminersinPublichealthDentistry.

p) Numberandsubjectofexaminersforpractical/ClinicalandVivavoceexaminationThereshallbetwoexaminersforeachpaper,oneinternalandoneexternal,fromMedical/DentalInstitutionsapproved/recognisedbytheDentalCouncilof India for B.D.S. Course. The internal examiner will be from within theinstitution. The external examiner can be from a different zone of theUniversity or from outside University. No person shall be an ExternalExaminertothesamecollegeformorethan3consecutiveyears.However,ifthereisabreakofoneyearthepersoncanbereappointed.

Note:1) In case of Physiology and Biochemistry if Internal examiner is from

Physiology,ExternalexaminershouldbefromBiochemistryandviceversa

of 125

2) In case of Pathology and Microbiology if Internal examiner is fromPathology,ExternalexaminershouldbefromMicrobiologyandviceversa

3) In case ofDentalMaterials, if Internal examiner is from Prosthodontics,ExternalexaminershouldbefromConservativeDentistryandviceversa

8. MINIMUMWORKINGHOURSFOREACHSUBJECTOFSTUDY

Subjects Lecture(hrs)

Practical(hrs)

Clinical(hrs)

Total(hrs)

GeneralHumanAnatomyincludingEmbryologyandHistology 100 175 275

GeneralHumanPhysiology 120 60 180

Biochemistry,NutritionandDietetics 70 60 130

DentalMaterials 80 240 320

DentalAnatomy,EmbryologyandOralhistology 105 250 355

GeneralandDentalPharmacology&Therapeutics 70 20 90

GeneralPathology

55

55

110

GeneralMicrobiology 65 50 115

GeneralMedicine 60 90 150

GeneralSurgery 60 90 150

OralPathology&OralMicrobiology 145 130 275

OralMedicine&Radiology 65 200 265

Paediatric&PreventiveDentistry 65 200 265

Orthodontics&DentofacialOrthopaedics 50 160 200 410

Periodontology 80 200 280

Oral&MaxillofacialSurgery 70 360 430

ConservativeDentistry&Endodontics 135 200 460 795

ProsthodonticsandCrown&Bridge 135 380 460 975

PublicHealthDentistry 60 290 350

Total 1590 1780 2550 5920

Note:Thereshouldbeaminimumof240 teachingdayseveryacademicyearconsistingof40workinghoursaweekincludingonehouroflunchbreakeachday.

of 125

IBDS

SI.No. Subjects Lecture(hrs)

Practical(hrs)

Clinical(hrs)

Total(hrs)

1. GeneralHumanAnatomyincludingEmbryologyandHistology 100 175 —

275

2. GeneralHumanPhysiology 120 60 — 180

3. Biochemistry,NutritionandDietetics 70 60 — 130

4. DentalAnatomy,EmbryologyandOralhistology 105 250 — 355

5. DentalMaterials 20 40 — 60

6. PreclinicalProsthodonticsandCrown&Bridge — 100 — 100

7. PreclinicalConservativeDentistry — 100 — 100

Total 415 785 — 1200

IIB.D.S.


Practical(hrs)

Clinical(hrs)

Total(hrs)

1. GeneralPathology 55 55 — 110

2. GeneralMicrobiology 65 50 — 115

3. GeneralandDentalPharmacology&Therapeutics 70 20 — 90

4. DentalMaterials 60 200 — 260

5. PreclinicalProsthodonticsandCrown&Bridge 25 200 — 225

6. PreclinicalConservativeDentistry 25 100 — 125

7. PreclinicalOrthodontics — 160 — 160

8. OralPathology&OralMicrobiology 25 50 — 75

Total 325 835 — 1160

of 125

IIIB.D.S.


Practical(hrs)

Clinical(hrs)

Total(hrs)

1. GeneralMedicine 60 — 90 150

2. GeneralSurgery 60 — 90 150

3. OralPathologyandOralMicrobiology 120 80 200

4. OralMedicineandRadiology 20 — 70 90

5. PaediatricandPreventiveDentistry 20 — 70 90

6. Orthodontics&DentofacialOrthopaedics 20 — 70 90

7. Periodontology 30 — 70 100

8. Oral&MaxillofacialSurgery 20 — 70 90

9. ConservativeDentistryandEndodontics 30 — 70 100

10. ProsthodonticsandCrown&Bridge 30 80 70 180

Total 410 160 670 1240

IVB.D.S.


Practical(hrs)

Clinical(hrs) Total(hrs)

1. OralMedicine&Radiology 45 — 130 175

2. PaediatricandPreventiveDentistry 45 ‐‐ 130 175

3. Orthodontics&DentofacialOrthopaedics 30 — 130 160

4. Periodontology 50 — 130 180


6. ConservativeDentistryandEndodontics 30 90 120

7. ProsthodonticsandCrown&Bridge 30 — 90 120

8. PublicHealthDentistry 30 — 90 120

Total 280 — 880 1160

of 125

VB.D.S.


Practical(hrs)

Clinical(hrs)

Total(hrs)


2. ConservativeDentistryandEndodontics 50 — 300 350

3. ProsthodonticsandCrown&Bridge

50 — 300 350

4. PublicHealthDentistry 30 — 200 230

Total 160 — 1000 1160

Note:Thereshouldbeaminimumof240 teachingdayseveryacademicyearconsistingof40workinghoursaweekincludingonehouroflunchbreakeachday.

of 125

SECTIONVII

RECOMMENDEDBOOKS

Subject:GeneralHumanAnatomyincludingEmbryologyandHistology1) ClinicalAnatomyforMedicalStudents,Snell(RichardS.),Little

Brown&company,Boston.2) Anatomy,RJLast’s‐McMinn,3) CunninghamManualofPracticalAnatomy:Head&Neck&

Brain.Vol.III,Romanes(G.J)OxfordMedicalpublication.4) FunctionalHistology,Wheater,Burkitt&Daniels,Churchill

Livingstone.5) MedicalEmbryology,Sadler,Langman’s,6) Grant'sAtlasofAnatomy,JamesEAnderson,Williams&Wilkins.7) Gray'sAnatomy,Williams,ChurchillLivingstone.8) MedicalGenetics,Emery.9) EssentialsofAnatomyforDentistryStudents,DRSingh,Wolters

Kluwer.

Subject:Physiology1) TextbookofPhysiology,Guyton2) ReviewofMedicalPhysiology,Ganong3) Humanphysiology,Vander4) ConciseMedicalPhysiology,Choudhari5) HumanPhysiology,Chaterjee6) HumanPhysiologyforBDSstudents,A.K.JainReferencebooks;1) Physiology,Berne&Levey2) PhysiologicalbasisofMedicalPractice,West‐Best&Taylor'sExperimentalPhysiology:1) PracticalPhysiology,Rannade2) Atextbookofpracticalphysiology,Ghai3) ClinicalMethods,Hutchison's

Subject:Biochemistry

1) TextbookofBiochemistryforDentalStudents,DMVasudevan,SreekumariS

2) TextbookofBiochemistry‐USatyanarayanaReferencebooks;1) Harper’sBiochemistry,R.K.Murrayet.al.2) TextbookofBiochemistrywithclinicalcorrelationsT.N.Devlin3) BasicandappliedDentalBiochemistry,R.A.D.Williams&J.C.Elliot4) NutritionalBiochemistryS.RamakrishnanandS.V.Rao

Subject:DentalAnatomy,EmbryologyandOralHistology

1) Orban'sOralHistology&Embryology‐S.N.Bhaskar2) OralDevelopment&Histology‐James&Avery3) Wheeler'sDentalAnatomy,Physiology&Occlusion‐Major.M.Ash4) DentalAnatomy‐itsrelevancetodentistry‐Woelfel&Scheid

of 125

5) AppliedPhysiologyofthemouth–Lavelle6) Physiology&Biochemistryofthemouth–Jenkins7) OralHistology‐'Development,StructureandFunction‐A.R.

Tencate

Subject:GeneralPathology1) Robbins‐PathologicBasisofDiseaseCotran,Kumar,Robbins2) Anderson'sPathologyVol1&2Editors‐IvanDamjanov&James

Linder3) Wintrobe'sclinicalHaematologyLee,Bithell,Foerster,Athens,

Lukens

Subject:Microbiology1) TextbookofMicrobiology‐R.Ananthanarayan&C.K.Jayaram

Paniker.2) MedicalMicrobiology‐DavidGreenwoodetal.Referencebooks;1) Microbiology‐Prescott,etal.2) Microbiology‐BernardD.Davis,etal.3) Clinical&PathogenicMicrobiology‐BarbaraJHoward,etal.4) MechanismsofMicrobialdiseases‐MoselioSchaechter,etal.5) ImmunologyanIntroduction–Tizard6) Immunology‐EvanRoitt,etal.

Subject:DentalMaterials

1) PhillipsScienceofDentalMaterials‐KennethJ.Anusavice2) RestorativeDentalMaterials‐RobertG.Craig3) NotesonDentalMaterials‐E.C.Combe

Referencebooks:‐1) IntroductiontoDentalMaterials,VanNoort,2) AppliedDentalMaterials,McCabe,

Subject:GeneralandDentalPharmacologyandTherapeutics

1) BasicandClinicalpharmacology,BertamGKatzung,Appleton&Lange

2) ClinicalPharmacology,LauerenceDR,ChurchillLivingstone3) PharmacologyandPharmacotherapeuticsPartI&PartII,Satoskar

R.S.&BhandarkarS.D,PopularPrakashanMumbai.4) EssentialsofMedicalPharmacology,TripathiK.D,JaypeeBrothers5) MedicalPharmacology,Udaykumar,CBSpublishing

Subject:GeneralMedicine

1) TextbookofMedicineDavidson2) TextbookofMedicineHutchinson

Subject:GeneralSurgery

1) ShortpracticeofSurgeryBaily&Love

of 125

Subject:OralPathology&OralMicrobiology1) ATextBookofOralPathologyShafer,Hine&Levy2) OralPathology‐ClinicalPathologiccorrelationsRegezi&Sciubba.3) OralPathologySoames&Southam.4) OralPathologyintheTropicsPrabhu,Wilson,Johnson&Daftary5) SynopsisofOralPathology,Bhaskar,CBSpublishing

Subject:PublicHealthDentistry

1) DentistryDentalPracticeandCommunitybyDavidF.StrifflerandBrainA.Burt,W.B.SaundersCompany

2) PrinciplesofDentalPublicHealthbyJamesMorseDunning,HarwardUniversityPress.

3) DentalPublicHealthandCommunityDentistryEdbyAnthonyJongPublicationbyTheC.V.MosbyCompany

4) CommunityOralHealth‐AsystemapproachbyPatriciaP.CormierandJoyceI.LevypublishedbyAppleton‐Century‐Crofts/NewYork,

5) CommunityDentistry‐AproblemorientedapproachbyP.C.6) DentalHandbookseriesVol.8byStephenL.SilvermanandAmes

F.Tryon,Serieseditor‐AlvinF.Gardner,PSGPublishingcompanyInc.LittletonMassachusetts,

7) DentalPublicHealth‐AnIntroductiontoCommunityDentistry.EditionbyGeoffreyL.SlackandBrainBurt,PublishedbyJohnWrightandsonsBristol.

8) OralHealthSurveys‐BasicMethods,1997,publishedbyW.H.OGenevaavailableattheregionalofficeNewDelhi.

9) PreventiveMedicineandHygiene‐ByMaxcyandRosenau,publishedbyAppletonCenturyCrofts,

10) PreventiveDentistry‐byJ.O.ForrestpublishedbyJohnWrightandsonsBristoli,

11) PreventiveDentistrybyMurray,.12) TextBookofPreventiveandSocialMedicinebyParkandpark,13) CommunityDentistrybyDr.SobenPeter.14) PublicHealthdentistry,Sikri.CBSPublishing

Subject:ResearchmethodologyandBio‐statistics

1) IntroductiontoBio‐statisticsbyB.K.Mahajan2) IntroductiontoStatisticalMethodsbyGrewal

Subject:PaediatricandPreventiveDentistry

1) DentistryfortheChildandAdolescence‐Mc.Donald.2) PediatricDentistry(InfancythroughAdolescence)‐Pinkham.3) PediatricDentistry:TotalPatientCare–StephenH.Y.Wei4) ClinicalPedodontics–SidneyB.Finn5) FundamentalsofPediatricDentistry–R.J.Mathewson6) HandbookofClinicalPedodontics‐Kenneth.D.7) TextBookofPedodontics‐ShobhaTandon8) PediatricDentistry‐DamleS.G.9) Kennedy'sPediatricOperativeDentistry‐Kennedy&Curzon.

of 125

10) HandbookofPediatricDentistry–CameronandWidmer11) PediatricDentistry‐RichardR.Welbury12) Pedodontics:AClinicalApproach‐GoranKoch13) OrthodonticsandPediatricDentistry(ColourGuide)‐DMillet&R

Welbury14) ColorAtlasofOralDiseasesinChildrenandAdolescents‐George

Laskaris15) DentalManagementoftheMedicallyCompromisedPatient–J.W.

Little16) PediatricDentistry–ScientificFoundationsandClinicalPractice–

StewartandBarber.17) ClinicalUseofFluorides‐StephenH.Wei.18) UnderstandingofDentalCaries‐NikiForuk.19) EssentialsofCommunity&PreventiveDentistry‐SobenPeters.20) BehaviourManagement–Wright21) TraumaticInjuries‐Andreason.22) OcclusalGuidanceinPediatricDentistry‐StephenH.Wei/Nakata23) PediatricOral&MaxillofacialSurgery‐Kaban.24) PediatricMedicalEmergencies‐P.S.Whatt.25) AnAtlasofGlassIonomerCements‐G.J.Mount..26) TextbookofPediatricDentistry‐BrahamMorris.27) PrimaryPreventiveDentistry‐NormanO.Harris.28) PreventiveDentistry‐Forrester.29) ContemporaryOrthodontics‐Profitt..30) PreventiveDentistry‐Depaola.31) Endodontics‐Ingle.32) PathwaysofPulp‐Cohen.33) ManagementofTraumatizedanteriorTeeth‐Hargreaves.

Subject:OralMedicineandRadiology

OralDiagnosis,OralMedicine&OralPathology1) OralMedicine,Burkit,J.B.LippincottCompany2) PrinciplesofOralDiagnosis,Coleman,MosbyYearBook3) OralManifestationsofSystemicDiseases,Jones,W.B.Saunders

company4) OralDiagnosis&OralMedicine,Mitchell5) OralDiagnosis,Kerr6) OralDiagnosis&Treatment,Miller7) ClinicalMethods,Hutchinson8) Shafers,OralPathology9) PrinciplesandpracticeofOralMedicine,Sonis.S.T.,Fazio.R.C.and

Fang.LOralRadiology

1) OralRadiologyWhite&Goaz,MosbyyearBook2) DentalRadiology,Weahrman,C.V.MosbyCompany3) OralRoentgenographsDiagnosis,Stafne,W.B.SaundersCo4) FundementalsofDentalradiology,Sikri,CBSPublishing.

of 125

ForensicOdontology

1) PracticalForensicOdontology,DerekH.Clark,Butterworth‐Heinemann

2) ManualofForensicOdontology,CMichaelBowers,GaryBell,Forensic

Subject:OrthodonticsandDentofacialOrthopedics1) ContemporaryOrthodontics‐WilliamR.Proffit2) OrthodonticsForDentalStudents‐WhiteAndGardiner3) HandbookOfOrthodontics‐Moyers4) Orthodontics‐PrinciplesAndPractice‐Graber5) Design,ConstructionAndUseOfRemovableOrthodontic

Appliances‐C.PhilipAdams6) ClinicalOrthodontics:Vol1&2‐Salzmann

Subject:OralandMaxillofacialSurgery

(1) Impactedteeth,AllingJohnetal(2) PrinciplesofOral&maxillofacialSurgeryvol1,2&3PetersonLJetal(3) TextbookofOral&maxillofacialSurgery,SrinivasanB(4) HandbookofMedicalemergenciesinthedentaloffice,Melamed

SF(5) Killey’sFractureoftheMandible,Banks(6) Killey’sFracturesoftheMiddle3oftheFacialSkeleton;BanksP(7) TheMaxillarySinusanditsDentalImplications;McGovanda(8) KilleyandKaysOutlineofOralSurgery‐Fartl&2;SewardGR&et

al(9) EssentialsofSafeDentistryfortheMedicallyCompromisedPatients;

McCarthyFM(10) Oral&MaxillofacialSurgery,Voll&2;LaskinDM(11) ExtractionofTeeth;HoweGL(12) MinorOralSurgery;HoweGL(13) ContemporaryOral&MaxillofacialSurgeiy;PetersonLJ(14) TextbookofOral&MaxillofacialSurgery,NeelimaAnilMalik(15) TextbookofOral&MaxillofacialSurgery,SMBalaji(16) PrinciplesofOralSurgery;MooreJ'R(17) HandbookofLocalAnaesthesia:,Malamed(18) Sedation;Malamed(19) TextbookofOral&MaxillofacialSurgery;GustavOKruger(20) APracticalguidetoHospitalDentistry,Dr.GeorgeVarghese,

Jaypeebrotherspublishing,NewDelhi.(21) APracticalguidetotheManagementofImpactedTooth,Dr.

GeorgeVarghese,Jaypeebrotherspublishing,NewDelhi.(22) TextbookofLocalAnaesthesia;Monheim

Subject:Prosthodontics,andCrown&Bridge

1) SyllabusofCompletedenture‐CharlesM.HeartwellJr.andArthurO.Rahn

2) Prosthodontictreatmentforedentulouspatients‐Carl.O.Boucher

of 125

3) Essentialsofcompletedentureprosthodonticsby‐SheldonWinkler.

4) Maxillofacialprostheticsby‐WillamR.Laney.5) McCraken'sRemovablepartialProsthodontics6) RemovablepartialProsthodonticsby‐ErnestL.MillerandJoseph

E.Grasso.7) Stewart’sClinicalRemovablePartialProsthodontics,Quintessence

PublishingCo.8) FundementalsofFixedProsthodontics,Shillingburg,Quintessence

PublishingCo.9) ManagementofTemporomandibularDisordersandOcclusion,

Jeffery.P.Okeson,MosbyYearbook,Inc.

Subject:Periodontology1) Glickman'sClinicalPeriodontology‐Carranza

Referencebooks1) EssentialsofPeriodontologyandperiodontics‐TorquilMacPhee2) Contemporaryperiodontics‐Cohen3) Periodontaltherapy‐Goldman4) Orbans'periodontics‐Orban5) OralHealthSurvey‐W.H.O.6) PreventivePeriodontics‐YoungandStiffler7) AdvancedPeriodontalDisease‐JohnPrichard8) ClinicalPeriodontology‐JanLindhe9) Periodontics‐Baer&Morris.

Subject:ConservativeDentistryandEndodontics

1) TheArt&ScienceofOperativeDentistry,Sturdivant,Mosby.U.S.A2) Principle&PracticeofOperativeDentistry,Charbeneu,Varghese

Publishing,Mumbai.3) Grossman’sEndodonticPractice,B.SureshChandra&

V.GopiKrishna,WoltersKluwer

Subject:EstheticDentistry1) Estheticguidelinesforrestorativedentistry;Scharer&others2) Estheticsofanteriorfixedprosthodontics;Chiche(GJ)&Pinault

(Alain)3) Esthetic&thetreatmentoffacialform,Vol28;McNamara(JA)

Subject:ForensicOdontology

1) PracticalForensicOdontology‐DerekClark

Subject:BehaviourialScience1) GeneralPsychology‐HansRaj,Bhatia2) BehaviouralSciencesinMedicalPractice‐ManjuMehta3) Generalpsychology—HansRaj,Bhatia4) Generalpsychology—Munn5) Sciencesbasictopsychiatry‐‐BasanthPuri&PeterJTyrer

of 125

Subject:Ethics1) MedicalEthics,FrancisCM,JaypeeBrothers,NewDelhi

Subject:Implantology

1) ContemporaryImplantDentistry,Carl.E.Misch,Mosby2) OsseointegrationandOcclusalRehabilitation,HoboS.,Ichida.E.

andGarciaL.TQuintessencePublishingCompany,

Note:1.BooktitleswillkeeponaddinginviewofthelatestadvancesintheDentalSciences.2.StandardbooksfromIndianauthorsarealsorecommendedListofJournals

1) JournalofDentistry2) BritishDentalJournal3) InternationalDentalJournal4) DentalAbstracts5) JournalofAmericanDentalAssociation6) BritishJournalofOralandMaxillofacialSurgery7) OralSurgery,OralPathologyandOralMedicine8) JournalofPeriodontology9) JournalofEndodontics10) AmericanjournalofOrthodonticsandDentofacialOrthopedics11) JournalofProstheticDentistry12) InternationalJournalofProsthodontics13) JournalofPublicHealthDentistry14) EndodonticsandDentalTraumatology 15) JournalofDentalEducation16) DentalUpdate17) JournalofDentalMaterial18) InternationalJournalofPediatricDentistry19) InternationalJournalofClinicalPediatricdentistry

Note: This is the minimum requirement. More journals both Indian and Foreign arerecommendedforimpartingresearchorientededucation.

of 125

SECTIONVIII

SYLLABUSOFSTUDY1. GENERALHUMANANOTMYINCLUDINGEMBRYOLOGYANDHISTOLOGY

a) GOAL The students should gain the knowledge and insight into, the functional

anatomy of the normal human head and neck, functional histology and anappreciation of the genetic basis of inheritance and disease, and theembryological development of clinically important structures. So thatrelevant anatomical & scientific foundations are laid down for the clinicalyearsoftheBDScourse.

b) OBJECTIVES:i. Knowledge&understanding:

At the end of the 1st year BDS course in Anatomical Sciences the

undergraduatestudentisexpectedto:(1) Know the normal disposition of the structures in the body while

clinically examining a patient and while conducting clinicalprocedures.

(2) Knowtheanatomicalbasisofdiseaseandinjury.(3) Knowthemicroscopicstructureofthevarioustissues,apre‐requisite

forunderstandingofthediseaseprocesses.(4) Knowthenervoussystemtolocatethesiteoflesionsaccordingtothe

sensoryandormotordeficitsencountered.(5) Haveanideaaboutthebasisofabnormaldevelopment,criticalstages

of development, effects of teratogens, genetic mutations andenvironmentalhazards.

(6) Know the sectional anatomy of head neck and brain to read thefeatures in radiographs and pictures taken by modern imagingtechniques.

(7) Knowtheanatomyofcardio‐pulmonaryresuscitation.

ii. Skills1) Tolocatevariousstructuresofthebodyandtomarkthetopography

ofthelivinganatomy.2) Toidentifyvarioustissuesundermicroscope.3) To identify the features in radiographs and modern imaging

techniques.4) Todetectvariouscongenitalabnormalities.

c) INTEGRATION

By emphasizing on the relevant information and avoiding unwanteddetails,theanatomytaughtintegrallywithotherbasicsciences&clinicalsubjects not only keeps the curiosity alive in the learner but also laysdownthescientificfoundationformakingabetterdoctor,abenefittothesociety.

of 125

Thisinsightisgainedinavarietyofways:i. Lectures&smallgroupteachingii. Demonstrationsiii. Dissectionofthehumancadaveriv. Studyofdissectedspecimensv. Osteologyvi. Surfaceanatomyonlivingindividualvii. Studyofradiographs&othermodernimagingtechniques.viii. StudyofHistologyslides.ix. Studyofembryologymodelsx. Audio‐visualaids

Throughout the course, particular emphasis is placed on the functionalcorrelation, clinical application& on integrationwith teaching in other biodentaldisciplines.

d) ANOUTLINEOFTHECOURSECONTENT:

General anatomy: Introduction of anatomical terms and brief outline ofvarioussystemsofthebody.

i. Regionalanatomyofhead&neckwithOsteologyofbonesofhead&neck,withemphasisontopicsofdentalimportance.

ii. Generaldispositionofthoracic,abdominal&pelvicorgans.iii. Theregionalanatomyofthesitesofintramuscular&intravascular

injections,&lumbarpuncture.iv. General embryology & systemic embryology with respect to

developmentofhead&neck.v. Histology of basic tissues and of the organs of gastrointestinal,

respiratory,Endocrine,excretorysystems&gonads.vi. Medicalgenetics

e) THEORY:100HOURS

THEORY TOPICS HOURS1 Introductiontoanatomicalterms,position,skin,superficialfasciaanddeepfascia 12 Simpleepithelium,compoundepithelium,Glandularepithelium 13 Scalp 14 Musclesoffacialexpression 15 Normaverticalis&Normafrontalis 16 Normaocciptalis&normalateralis 17 Cervicalvertebrae 18 Deepcervicalfascia 19 Developmentofface 110 Brachialplexus 111 Classificationofjoints 112 Connectivetissue 213 Cartilage 114 Bone 215 Muscle 116 Nervoustissue–Neurons,classification,regeneration,opticnerve,sciaticnerve,sensory&

autonomicganglia2

17 Thyroidgland&development&developmentalanomalies 118 Lymphaticdrainageofhead&neck. 119 Lacrimalapparatus&eyelid 120 Parotidgland&development 121 Duralvenoussinuses–classification,cavernoussinusindetail 1

of 125

22 Pituitaryglandanddevelopment&anomalies 123 Vasculartissue–Largeartery,Mediumsizedartery,Largevein 124 Lymphatictissue 225 Skinanditsappendages–hairfollicle– Sebaceousgland– sweatgland– nail 126 Anteriourcranialfossa 127 Middlecranialfossa 128 Posteriorcranialfossa 129 Parietalbone 130 Occipitalbone 131 Frontalbone 132 Temporalbone 233 Normabasalis 234 Generalembryology–oogenesis 135 Generalembryology–spermalogenesis 136 Generalembryology–fertilization 137 Generalembryology–implantationbilminar 138 Generalembryology–bilaminargermdisc 139 Generalembryology‐NeuraltubeformationtrilaminargermdiscneuralcrestIntraembryonic

mesoderm&itsfate,Notochord2

40 Generalembryology‐Foldingofembryo 141 Generalembryology‐Placenta&foetalmembranes 242 Pharyngealpouches&cleft 143 Bonyorbit 144 Musclesofmastication 145 Temporomandibularjoint 146 Hyoglossusmuscleanditsrelations 147 Mandible 248 Maxilla 249 Zygomatic&hyoidbones 150 Pharynx 251 Nasalcavity&itslateralwall 152 Larynx 253 Tongueanditsdevelopment&developmentalanomalies 154 Middleear&development 155 Coatsoftheeye–uvealtractindetail 156 Externalfeaturesofspinalcord 157 Leptomeninges 158 Bloodsupplyofbrain 159 Medullaoblongata–externalfeatures 160 Pons–externalfeatures 161 Cerebellum 162 4thventricle 163 Midbrain–externalfeatures 164 3rdventricle 165 Cerebrum–Sulci,gyriandfunctionalarea 166 Lateralventricle 167 Opticpathway 168 Whitematterofcerebrumandinternalcapsule 269 Basalganglia 170 IIICranialNerve&IVCranialnerves 171 VCranialnerve&VIcranialnerves 172 VIIcranialnerve 173 VIII,IXcranialnerves 174 X,XI,XIIcranialnerves 175 Gastrointestinalsystem 276 Respiratorysystem 277 Cardiovascularsystem 278 Excretorysystem 279 Reproductivesystem–male(1hr),female(1hr) 280 Medicalgenetics–Mitosis,Meiosis,Chromosomesandanomalies 181 MedicalGenetics‐Genestructureandgeneticdisorders 182 MedicalGenetics‐Modeofinheritance 1

of 125

Sl.No. SEMINARS

1. Submandibulargland2. Nasalseptum3. Softpalate4. Auditorytube5. Oticganglion6. Pterygopalatineganglion7. Submandibularganglion8. Ciliaryganglion9. Ansacervicalis10. Internalandexternaljugularveins11. Subclavianartery12. Autonomicnervoussystem13. Paranasalairsinuses14. Lingualartery15. CircleofWillis16. Choroidplexusesoftheventricles

f) PRACTICAL:175HOURS

Sl.No. PRACTICALSHISTOLOGY

1. Simpleepithelium2. Compoundepithelium3. Glandularepithelium4. Connectivetissue5. Cartilage6. Bone7. Muscle8. Neuron–OpticNerve‐PeripheralNerve9. Ganglia10. Bloodvessels11. Lymphatictissue–Lymphnode,‐Spleen,‐Thymus,‐Tonsil12. Skin–Thinskin,Thickskin13. Placenta&Umbilicalcord14. Trachea&lung15. Spinalcord,Cerebellum,Cerebrum16. Cornea&Retina17. Thyroid&Parathyroidgland18. Suprarenal&Pituitaryglands19. Kidney,Ureter,Urinarybladder20. Ovary,Corpusluteum,Testis21. Tongue–filiform,fungiform,circumvallatepapillae22. Salivaryglands–Mucous–Serious‐Mixed23. Liver,Pancreas

DISSECTION24. Introductiontodissection25. Scalp26. Superficialdissectionofface–musclesofface27. Sideoftheneck&Posteriortriangle28. Backoftheneck–suboccipitaltriangle29. Anteriortriangle30. Deepdissectionoftheneck–Thyroidglandparathyroidglandtrachea,

oesophagus,Brachiocephalictrunk,SubclavianarteryBracheiocephalicveinThoracicduct.CervicalpleuraNeurovascularbundleoftheneck,Sympatheticchain,Scalenemuscles;Cervicalfascia

31. Lymphnodes&lymphvesselsofhead&neck32. Prevertebralregion–Vertebralartery–Vertebralvein33. Deepdissectionofface– Facialartery– Othervessels‐ Nerves34. Structuresinthecheek&lips35. Eyelid&lacrimalapparatus36. Parotidregion

of 125

37. Cranialcavity–meningesDuralfolds,Venoussinuses38. Anteriorcranialfossa39. Middlecranialfossa– Pituitarygland40. Posteriorcranialfossa41. Orbit–structuresintheorbit42. Temporalandinfratemporalregions43. Submandibularregion44. Mouthandpharynx45. SoftpalateandAuditorytube46. Cavityofthenose47. Larynx48. Tongue49. Organsofhearing&equilibrium– Externalear– Middleear– Internal

ear50. Eyeball51. Jointsoftheneck52. SpinalCord53. Introductiontobrain54. Meningesofbrain55. Bloodvesselsofbrain56. Baseofbrain57. Hindbrain–Medulla58. Hindbrain–Pons59. Hindbrain–Cerebellum60. 4thventricle61. Midbrain62. Cerebralhemispheres63. Whitematterofcerebrum64. 3rdventricle65. Lateralventricle66. Thalami–Optictract67. Deepdissectionofcerebralhemisphere&Internalcapsule68. Deepnucleiandconnectionsofthalamus

DEMONSTRATIONOFSPECIMENS69. Thoracicwall

ChambersofheartCoronaryarteriesPericardium

70. LungsPleuralcavityDiaphragm

71. Abdomen–PeritonealcavityOrgansinabdominal&pelviccavities

CLINICALPROCEDURES72. Intramuscularinjections

DeltoidmuscleGlutealregionQuadricepsfemoris

73. IntravenousinjectionMediancubitalveinCephalicveinBasilicveinLongsaplenousveinShortsaplenousvein

74. ArterialpulsationsSuperficialtemporalFacialCarotidBrachialRadialFemoralDorsalispedisLumbarpuncture

of 125

g) SCHEMEOFEXAMINATION DistributionofTopicsandTypeofQuestionsforUniversityWrittenexamination:

Contents TypesofQuestionsandMarks Marks

GrossAnatomyofHeadandNeck–Scalp,Face,TrianglesofNeck,DuralfoldsandVenoussinuses,contentsoftheOrbitCranialnerves‐V,VII,IXandXIIDevelopmentofBrachialapparatus,Face,SystemicEmbryologyandSystemicHistology.

LongEssays2x10marks 20

QuestionsfromanytopicincludedinthetheorysyllabusExceptfromthetopicsfromwhichthelongessayshavebeenset

Short Essays10x5marks 50

Short Answers10x3marks

30

Total 100i. Theory

UniversityWritten 100MarksInternalAssessment 25Marks

VivaVoce: Examiner1‐GrossAnatomy‐ Examiner2‐Osteology,SurfaceMarking&embryology 25Marks ii. Practicals:

UniversityPracticalExamination: 80MarksGrossAnatomySpotters(1markeach) 1x15 15Marks

DiscussiononDissectedparts(2Specimens)2x20 40Marks Histology–identificationofslides(10slides)1x10 10Marks Histologyrecord 5Marks

GrossAnatomySpotters 10MarksInternalAssessment: 20Marks

GrandTotal250Marks

2. GENERALHUMANPHYSIOLOGYa) GOAL

ThebroadgoaloftheteachingundergraduatestudentsinPhysiologyaimsatproviding thestudentcomprehensiveknowledgeof thenormal functionsofthe organ systems of the body to facilitate an understanding of thephysiologicalbasisofhealthanddisease.

b) OBJECTIVESi. Knowledge

Attheendofthecourse,thestudentwillbeableto:(1) Explain the normal functioning of all the organ systems and their

interactionsforwellco‐ordinatedtotalbodyfunction.(2) Assess the relative contribution of each organ system towards the

maintenanceofthemilieuinterior.(3) List the physiological principles underlying the pathogenesis and

treatmentofdisease.ii. Skills

Attheendofthecourse,thestudentshallbeableto:(1) Conduct experiments designed for the study of physiological

phenomena.

of 125

(2) Interpretexperimentalandinvestigativedata(3) Distinguishbetweennormalandabnormaldataderivedasaresultof

testswhichhe/shehasperformedandobservedinthelaboratory.iii. Integration

At the end of the integrated teaching the student shall acquire anintegrated knowledge of organ structure and function and itsregulatorymechanisms.

c) THEORY:120Hours

Mustknow:Approx.60%Questionsshouldbefromtheseportions

forexaminations.

Desirabletoknow:Avoiddetails.Upto.40%Questionsmay

befromtheseportionsforexaminations.

Nicetoknow.

Maybediscussedinclass,but

Avoidquestionsfromthispartforexaminations

Hours

1.GENERALPHYSIOLOGY

4

Homeostasis:Basicconcept,FeedbackmechanismsStructureofcellmembrane,transportacrosscellmembraneBodyfluidCompartments:distributionoftotalbodywater,intracellular&extracellularcompartments,majoranions&cationsinintraandextracellularfluid.Membranepotentials.RMP&ActionPotential.

.

2.BLOOD:

15

Composition&functionsofblood,Plasmaproteins‐Types,concentration,functions&variations,Erythrocyte:Morphology,functions&variations.Erythropoiesis&factorsaffectingerythropoiesis,ESR‐factorsaffecting,variations&significance.Haemoglobin‐Normalconcentration,methodofdetermination[P]&variationinconcentration,funcionsAnaemia‐Definition,classification,lifespanofRBC'sdestructionofRBC's,formation&fateofbilepigments,Jaundice‐types.Leucocytes:Classification,number,percentage,distributionmorphology,properties,functions&variation.Roleoflymphocytesinimmunity,lifespan&fateofleucocytes.[MentionLeukemia]Thromobocytes‐Morphology,number,variations,function.Haemostatsis–Roleofvasoconstriction,plateletplugformationinhaemostasis,coagulationfactors,intrinsic&extrinsicpathwaysofcoagulation,clotretraction.Fibrinolyticsystem.Testsofhaemostaticfunction,plateletcount,clottingtime,bleedingtime,prothrombintime‐normalvalues,method&variations.Anticoagulants‐mechanismofaction.Bleedingdisorders.Bloodgroups:ABO&Rhsystem,methodofdetermination,importance,indications&dangersofbloodtransfusion,bloodsubstitutes.[mentiononly]Bloodvolume:Normalvalues,variations.Tissuefluids&lymph:Formationoftissuefluid,Lymph:Formation,composition,circulation&functionsOedema‐causes.

Specificgravity,Packedcellvolume,

Methodsofestimation[inpracticals]

BloodIndices‐MCV,MCH,MCHC‐

definition,normalvalues,variation.Leucopoiesisthrombopoiesis

Factorsaffecting&methodsof

determination.

of 125

Functionsofreticulo‐endothelialsystem.3.MUSCLEANDNERVE

8

Classificationofnerves,structureofskeletalmuscle‐Molecularmechanismofmusclecontraction,neuromuscularjunctionandNMtransmission.Propertiesofskeletalmuscle.Structureandpropertiesofcardiacmuscle&smoothmuscle.

BrieflyaboutdrugsaffectingNMtransmission

4.DIGESTIVESYSTEM:

10

Introductiontodigestion:GeneralstructureofG.I.tract,Innervation.Salivaryglands:Saliva:composition,regulationofsecretion&functionsofsaliva.Stomach:Compositionandfunctionsofgastricjuice,mechanismandregulationofgastricsecretion.HClsecretion.PhysiologicalbasisofPepticulcermanagement[briefly]ExocrinePancreas‐Structure,compositionofpancreaticjuice,functionsofeachcomponent,regulationofpancreaticsecretion.Liver:structure,compositionofbile,functionsofbileGallbladder:structure,functions.Smallintestine‐Composition,functionsLargeintestine‐Functions.MotorfunctionsofGIT:Mastication,deglutition,gastricfilling&emptying,movementsofsmallandlargeintestine,defecation.

StructureofGITtobereviewedinAnatomy

AlltestsoffunctiontobedealtinBiochemistry

Abnormalitiesof

pancreaticfunction.

Regulationofsecretion.

5.EXCRETORYSYSTEM:

8

Structure&functionsofkidney,functionalunitofkidney&functionsofdifferentparts.JuxtaGlomerularapparatus.Specialfunctionalfeaturesofrenalcirculation.FormationofUrine:Glomerularfiltrationrate‐definition,normalvalues,factorsinfluencingG.F.R.Tubularreabsorption‐Reabsorptionofsodium,glucose,water&othersubstances.Tubularsecretion‐secretionofurea,hydrogenandothersubstances.Countercurrentmechanisms.Micturition:anatomy&innervationofUrinarybladder,mechanismofmicturition.

DeterminationofGFR.

RoleofkidneyintheregulationofpHof

theblood.Urinarybladder:abnormalities.

Tubularsecretionofothersubstances.

6.SKINANDTEMPERATUREREGULATION[basicsonly] 47. ENDOCRINOLOGY

14

Generalendocrinology‐endocrineglands&hormones.Secondmessengers.Endocrinefunctionofhypothalamus.Hormonesofanteriorpituitary&theiractions,Disordersofsecretionofanteriorpituitaryhormones.Posteriorpituitaryhormones:actionsThyroid:secretion&transportofhormones,actionsofhormones,regulation.Adrenalcortex&Medulla‐action,Otherhormones‐Angiotensin,localhormones

EndocrineDisorderstobetaughtwitheach

gland.

Anti‐thyroiddrugs.

Generalfunctionsofendocrinesystem,

chemistry,mechanismof

secretion,transport,metabolism,regulationofsecretionof

hormonestobediscussedalongwithindividual

glands.

Thyroid:Synthesis,Thyroidfunction

testsinbiochemistryHistologyinanatomy

8.REPRODUCTION

6Physiologicalanatomyofmaleandfemalesexorgans,Gonadotrophichormones.Sexchromatin.Femalereproductivesystem:Menstrualcycle,functionsandhormonesofovary.Ovariananduterine

TestsforovulationPregnancytestsCompositionofmilk,factors

Sexdifferentiationtobedealtwithin

anatomy

of 125

changesduringmenstrualcycle.Actionsofoestrogen&Progesterone,controlofsecretionofovarianhormones,fertilization,implantation,maternalchangesduringpregnancy,parturition.Lactation,milkejectionreflex.Malereproductivesystem,spermatogenesis,hormones‐testosterone.Semen.Contraception.

controllinglactation,

9.CARDIOVASCULARSYSTEM

15

Functionalanatomyandinnervationofheart.Propertiesofcardiacmuscle.Origin&propagationofcardiacimpulseandPacemakerpotential.Actionpotential.Cardiaccycle‐Phases,Pressurechangesinatria,ventricles&aorta.Volumechangesinventricles.Heartsounds.JugularvenouspulseArterialpulse.Electrocardiogram‐Basicprinciplesonly.Normalelectrocardiogram.Heartrate:Normalvalue,variation.StrokevolumeandCardiacoutput:definition,normalvalues,variations,factorsaffecting.Arterialbloodpressure:Definition,normalvalues,variations,determinants.Regulationofheartrate,strokevolume,bloodpressure:integratedconcept.Coronarycirculation:specialfeatures.

Myocardialinfarction:ECG

Changes.Heartblock.

CardiacmurmursCardiacoutput:one

methodofdeterminationCardiovascularhomeostasisin

exercise&posture.

10.RESPIRATORYSYSTEM

12

PhysiologyofRespiration:External&internalrespiration.Functionalanatomyofrespiratorypassage&lungs.Respiratorymovements:Musclesofrespiration,Mechanismofinflation&deflationoflungs.Intrapleural&intrapulmonarypressures&theirchangesduringthephasesofrespiration.Mechanicsofbreathing‐surfactant,compliance&workofbreathing[basicsonly].Spirometry:Lungvolumes&capacitiesdefinition,normalvalues,significance,factorsaffectingvitalcapacity,variationsinvitalcapacity,Pulmonaryventilation‐alveolarventilation&deadspace‐ventilation.Pulmonarycirculation:Functionalfeatures.Compositionofinspiredair,alveolarairandexpiredair.Exchangeofgases:Diffusingcapacity,factorsaffectingit.TransportofOxygen&carbondioxideintheblood.Regulationofrespiration‐neural&chemical.Hypoxia,cyanosis,dyspnoea,periodicbreathing.Artificialrespiration.

FEV&itsvariations.Pulmonaryfunction

testsRespiratorychangesduringexercise

11. CENTRALNERVOUSSYSTEM

10

OrganisationofcentralnervoussystemNeuronalorganisationatspinalcordlevel,Synapse:functionalsignificance.Receptors,reflexes,sensationsandsensorytractsPhysiologyofpain.Referredpain.Analgesiasystems.Functionsofthalamus,cerebellum.Vestibularapparatus[basicsonly]Cerebralcortex:Basicsofhigherfunctions.FormationandfunctionsofCSF:clinicalsignificance.Autonomicnervoussystem

12. SPECIALSENSES

14Fundamentalknowledgeofvision,hearing,tasteandsmell.

Errorsofrefraction.Testsofauditoryfunction.

of 125

d) PRACTICALSThefollowinglistofpracticalisminimumandessential.Theentirepracticalhave been categorized as procedures and demonstrations. The proceduresaretobeperformedbythestudentsduringpracticalclassestoacquireskills.AlltheproceduresaretobeincludedintheUniversitypracticalexamination.Thosecategorizedasdemonstrationsaretobeshowntothestudentsduringpracticalclasses.HoweverthesedemonstrationswouldnotbeincludedintheUniversity examinations but question based on this would be given in theformofcharts,graphsandcalculationsforinterpretationbythestudents.

Practicals&demonstrarions:60hoursPracticals Hours

StudyofMicroscopeanditsuses 02

Collectionofbloodandstudyofhaemocytometer 02

Haemoglobinometry 02

DeterminationofRBCcount 08

DeterminationofWBCcount 04

Determinationofbloodgroups 02

Leishman'sstaininganddifferentialleucocytecount 10

Calculationofbloodindices 02

Determinationofbleedingtime 01

Determinationofclottingtime 01

Bloodpressurerecording 03

AuscultationofHeartsounds 02

Demonstrations

DeterminationofErythrocyteSedimentationrate(ESR) 02

Determinationofpackedcellvolume(PCV) 02

Determinationofspecificgravityofblood 02

FragilitytestforRBC 02

ClinicalexaminationofCardiovascularandRespiratorySystem 03

Determinationofvitalcapacity 02

Artificialrespiration 02

Demonstrationofdeepandsuperficialreflexes 02

Activityoffrog'sheartandeffectsofAcetylCholine,AtropineandAdrenaline. 02

Electrocardiography:DemonstrationofrecordingofnormalElectrocardiogram 02

Total 60

e) SCHEMEOFEXAMINATION

DistributionofTopicsandTypesofQuestionsforwrittenexamination

ContentsTypeofQuestions

andMarksMarks

LongEssayQuestionfromTopicslistedasMustknowonly LongEssays01x10marks

10

ShortEssayQuestions shouldPreferablybe set fromallother topics

excludingtheonefromwhichaLongEssayQuestionhasbeenset

ShortEssay5X5marks

25

Short Answer Questions should be set from all the chapters.

(ExceptthechapteronwhichaLongEssayQuestionhasbeenset)

ShortAnswers05x3marks

15

Total 50marks

of 125

i. Theory:UniversitywrittenExamination: 50MarksUniversityViva: 10MarksInternalAssessment: 10Marks

ii. Practicals:InternalAssessment: 10MarksUniversityPracticals : 40MarksMarkdistributionforUniversitypracticalexamination

MajorExperiments: 20MarksAnyoneoftheMajorExperiments:R.B.C.Count,W.B.C.Count,DifferentialCount,BloodPressureRecordingMinorExperiment: 15MarksAnyoneoftheminorExperiments:DeterminationofBloodGroups,DeterminationofBleeding&Clottingtime,HaemoglobinEstimation,CalculationofabsoluteHaematologicalIndices–MCH,MCV,MCHC

PracticalWorkrecord: 5Marks

3. BIOCHEMISTRY,NUTRITIONANDDIETETICSa) AIMSANDSCOPE

Themajoraimistoprovideasoundbutcrispknowledgeonthebiochemicalbasis of the life processes relevant to the human system and todental/medical practice. The contents should be organized to build on thealready existing information available to the students in the pre‐universitystageandreorienting.Amererehashshouldbeavoided.The chemistry portion should strive towards providing information on thefunctional groups, hydrophobic andhydrophilicmoieties andweak valenceforces that organise macromolecules. Details on structure need not beemphasised.Discussion on metabolic processes should put emphasis on the overallchange, interdependenceandmolecular turnover.Whiledetailsof thestepsmay be given, the student should not be expected to memorise them. Anintroduction to biochemical genetics and molecular biology is a must butdetailsshouldbeavoided.Theexposuretoantivitamins,antimetabolitesandenzyme inhibitors at this stage,will provide a basis for the future study ofmedical subjects. An overview of metabolic regulation is to be taught bycovering hormonal action, second messengers and regulation of enzymeactivities. Medical aspects of biochemistry should avoid describinginnumerable functional tests, most of which are not in vogue. Cataloguinggenetic disorders under each head of metabolism is unnecessary. A fewexampleswhich correlategenotypechange to functional changes shouldbeadequate.Attheendofthecoursethestudentwouldbeabletoacquireausefulcoreofinformation,whichcanberetainedforalongtime.

of 125

b) THEORY:70HOURS

Sl.No.

TOPICHOURS

ALLOTTED

Mustknow:Approx60%questionsshouldbefromtheseportionsforexaminations

Desirabletoknow:

Upto40%questionsmaybefrom

theseportionsforexaminations

1

CARBOHYDRATES 12hours Definition,biologicalimportanceandclassification.Monosaccharides–Glucose,fructose,Galactose,mannose 1 +

Reactionsreducingproperty,oxidationosazone,Molischtest,isomers,anomers,epimers

1 +

Disaccharides‐lactose,maltose,sucroseGlycosidicbond,aminosugars,deoxysugars

1 +

Polysaccharides.Structuresofstarchandglycogen,MucopolysaccharidesDietaryfibres 1 +

Enzymatichydrolysisofdietarycarbohydrates.Mechanismofuptakeofmonosaccharides,associateddisorders(inbrief)

1 +

Outlinesofglycolysis,fatesofpyruvateGluconeogenesis. 2 + Introductiontoglycogenesis,glycogenolysis,,regulation 2 + Significanceofpentosephosphatepathway.Formationandimportanceofglucuronicacid.

1 +

Regulationofbloodglucose.Diabetesmellitusandrelateddisorders.Evaluationofglycemicstatus.

2 +

2

LIPIDS 9hours Definition,biologicalimportanceandclassification.Fatsandfattyacids.Essentialfattyacids.Introductiontocompoundlipids.Cholesterol.

2 +

Digestionandabsorptionoflipids 1 + Betaoxidationoffattyacids. 1 + Fattyacidsynthesis,(inbrief) 1 + Ketonebodyformationandutilisation 1 + Outlinesofcholesterolsynthesisandcompoundsformedfromcholesterol

1 +

Plasmalipoproteins:Formation,functionandturnover.Atherosclerosis.

2 +

3

ENZYMES 6hours Definition,classification,specificityandactivesite.Cofactors. 1 + Factorsaffectingenzymeaction 2 + Enzymeinhibition 2 + Clinicalimportantenzymes‐AST,ALT,ALP,ACP,LDH,CK,ENOLASE,GGT

1 +

4

PROTEINS 9hours Aminoacids:Classification.Introductiontopeptides.peptidebondProteins:Classification.Chargeproperties.Bufferaction.LevelsofproteinorganizationDenaturation.

2 +

Digestionandabsorptionofproteins.Nitrogenbalance.Essentialaminoacids.Proteinqualityandrequirement(methodsforevaluationofproteinqualitytobeexcluded).Protein‐caloriemalnutrition.BMR,Balanceddiet.

2 +

Ammoniametabolism.Ureaformation. 1 + Reactionsofaminoacids‐transamination,transmethylation,transsulfuration 1 +

Compoundsformedfromglycine 1 Biologicimportanceofaromaticaminoacids,sulphurcontainingaminoacids,Aminoacidurias(inbrief)

1 +

Onecarbonmetabolism 1 +5 INTEGRATIONOFMETABOLISM 2hours +

of 125

Highenergycompounds,Electrontransportchainandoxidativephosphorylation.

6

VITAMINS 5hours FatsolublevitaminsA,D,E,K,sources,functions,dailyrequirements,deficiency,toxicity

2 +

WatersolublevitaminsB,C,sources,functions,dailyrequirements,deficiency,toxicity 3 +

7ACIDBASEBALANCEBuffers,respiratoryandrenalregulation,disorders,analysis

4hours +

8DETOXIFICATIONTypicalreactions.Examplesoftoxiccompounds.Oxygentoxicity

2hours +

9

MINERALS 4hours Classification,dailyrequirement.Calciumandphosphorous:sources,uptake,excretion,function.Serumcalciumregulation

1 +

Iron:sources,uptakeandtransport.Hemeandnonhemeironfunctions;deficiency

1 +

Iodine:Briefintroductiontothyroxinesynthesis.Generalfunctionsofthyroxine.Fluoride:function,deficiencyandexcess

1 +

Indicationsofroleofotherminerals 1 +

10

HAEMOGLOBIN 3hours Structure,synthesis,degradation 1 + Hemoglobinopathies 1 +Jaundice 1 +

11PLASMAPROTEINSClassificationandseparation.Functionsofalbumin.Abriefaccountofimmunoglobulins.BiochemistryofAIDS.

2hours +

12 LIVERFUNCTIONTESTS 1hour + 13 KIDNEYFUNCTIONTESTS 1hour +

14CONNECTIVETISSUE.Collagenandelastin.Bonestructure.Structureofmembranes

1hour +

15

MOLECULARBIOLOGY 9hours Nucleicacids:Buildingunits.Nucleotides.OutlinestructureofDNAandRNA.

2 +

Formationanddegradationofnucleotides.Gout.Examplesofassociatedgeneticdisorders

2 +

IntroductiontoreplicationandtranscriptionAntimetabolitesandantibioticsinterferinginreplication,transcription

2 +

Outlineoftranslationprocess. 2 + Mutation,Introductiontocancer,virusesandoncogenes.tumourmarkers,apoptosis

2 +

c) PRACTICALS&DEMONSTRATION:60hours

i. Practical:35hoursSl.No. Procedure Hours

1. IdentificationofnonproteinnitrogensubstanceU U i id C i i

5

2. Normalconstituentsofurine 4

3. Abnormalconstituentsofurine 6

4. ClinicalChemistry 2

5. EstimationofBloodurea 3

6. EstimationofSerumalbumin 3

7. Estimationofserumcreatinine 3

8. BloodGlucoseestimation 3

9. SerumTotalproteinestimation 3

10. Creatinineclearanceestimation 3

of 125

ii. Demonstrationofcharts:10hoursSl.No. Demonstration Hours

1 Paperelectrophoresischarts/clinicaldataevaluation 2

2 Glucosetolerancetestprofiles 2

3 Serumlipidprofiles 1

4 Profilesofhypothyrodisimandhyperthyrodisim 1

5 Profilesofhyperandhypoparathyrodism 1

6 Profilesofliverfunction 1

7 Urea,uricacidcreatinineprofileinkidneydisorders 1

8 Bloodgasprofileinacidosis/alkalosis 1

iii. Seminars:15hours

d) SCHEMEOFEXAMINATION DistributionofTopicsandTypeofQuestionsforwrittenexamination

ContentsTypeofQuestions

andMarksMarks

LongEssayQuestionspreferablyfromChemistryofCarbohydrates,proteins,lipidsandAminoacids.Fatsolubleandwatersolublevitamins.Enzymes.Metabolismof carbohydrates, proteins, lipidsandminerals.

LongEssays01x10marks

10

ShortEssayQuestionsPreferablyfromChemistryandmetabolismof:Carbohydrates,lipids,proteins,nucleicacids,minerals.Fatssolubleandwatersolublevitamins,Nutrition and dietetics, Liverfunction tests, pH and its biological importance, Renal function tests,Bloodconstituents,Biologicaloxidation.

ShortEssay5X5marks

25

Short Answer Questions should be set from all the chapters.

(ExceptthechapteronwhichaLongEssayQuestionhasbeenset)ShortAnswers05x3marks

15

Total 50marks

i. TheoryUniversitywrittenExamination: 50MarksUniversityViva: 15MarksInternalAssessment: 10Marks

ii. Practicals:InternalAssessment: 10MarksUniversityPracticals : 40Marks

MarkdistributionforUniversitypracticalexamination;Oneprocedureforquantitativeestimation 15marksOneprocedureforqualitativeanalysis 10marksInterpretationofLaboratoryresultsinagivenchart 10marksPracticalWorkrecord: 5Marks

ThefollowingProceduresaresuggestedforUniversityPracticalExamination:

QuantitativeEstimation(AnyONEestimationtobedone)EstimationofBloodGlucose–usingFolin‐wumethod,usingdeproteinizedblood.DeterminationofCreatinineinUrine–usingJaffes’smethodDeterminationofTitrableacidityandAmmoniacontentofUrine–usingMalfatti’sMethod

QualitativeAnalysis(AnyONEanalysistobedone)IdentificationofCarbohydrates–glucose,fructose,sucrose,lactose,maltose,starch.ColourReactions–albuminPrecipitationReactions–albuminIdentificationofProteins–albumin,gelatin,casein,peptoneUrineAnalysis–normalconstituentsUrineAnalysis–pathologicalconstituents

of 125

ChartInterpretation(InterpretationofONEClinicalchart)GlucoseToleranceTest

Values of Blood Constituents and their clinical variation: ‐ urea, cholesterol, calcium,phosphorus,bilirubin.

4) DENTALANATOMY,EMBRYOLOGYANDORALHISTOLOGY.a) INTRODUCTION:

ThecourseincludesinstructionsinthesubjectofDentalMorphology,OralEmbryology,OralHistologyandOralPhysiology.AcompositeofbasicDentalSciences&theirclinicalapplications.

b) SKILLSThestudentshouldacquirebasicskillsin:i. Carvingofcrownsofpermanentteethinwax.ii. MicroscopicstudyofOraltissues.iii. IdentificationofDeciduous&Permanentteethiv. Age estimation by patterns of teeth eruption from plaster casts of

differentagegroups.c) OBJECTIVES

AfteracourseonOralBiology,i. The student is expected to appreciate the normal development,

morphology, structure & functions of oral tissues & variations indifferentpathological/non‐pathologicalstates.

ii. Thestudentshouldunderstandthehistologicalbasisofvariousdentaltreatment procedures and physiologic ageing process in the dentaltissues.

iii. The students must know the basic knowledge of various researchmethodologies

d) COURSECONTENTi. Theory:105hours

DENTALANATOMY HOURS1.Introduction,DentalAnthropology&ComparativeDentalAnatomy

32.Functionofteeth.3.Nomenclature.4.Toothnumberingsystems(Differentsystem)(Dentalformula).5.Chronologyofdeciduousandpermanentteeth.(Firstevidenceofcalcification,crowncompletion,eruptionandrootcompletion).

2

6.Deciduousteeth‐a)Nomenclature.b)Importanceofdeciduousteeth.c)Form&function,comparativedentalanatomy,fundamentalcurvature

4

7.Grossmorphologyofdeciduousteeth. 58.Generaldifferencesbetweendeciduousandpermanentteeth. 19.Morphologyofpermanentteeth.Chronology,measurements,descriptionofindividualsurfaceandvariationsofeachtooth.

12

10.Morphologicaldifferencesbetweenincisors,premolarsandmolarsofsamearch. 111.Morphologicaldifferencesbetweenmaxillaryandmandibular.incisors,canines,premolarsandmolarsoftheoppositearch 1

12.InternalAnatomyofPulp. 113.Occlusion:a.Developmentofocclusion.b.Dentalarchform.c.Compensatingcurvesofdentalarches.d.Angulationsofindividualteethinrelationtovariousplanes.e.Functionalformoftheteethattheirincisalandocclusalthirds.f.Facialrelationsofeachtoothinonearchtoitsantagonistorantagonistsintheopposingarchincentricocclusion.g.Occlusalcontactandinterscusprelationsofalltheteethofonearchwiththoseintheopposingarchincentricocclusion.h.Occlusalcontactandintercusprelationsofalltheteethduringthevariousfunctionalmandibular

8

of 125

movements.i.Neurobehaviouralaspectofocclusion14.TemperoMandibularJoint(T.M.J.):GrossAnatomyandarticulation.Muscles(Musclesofmastication).Mandibularpositionandmovements.Histology.ClinicalconsiderationswithspecialemphasisonMyofacialPainDysfunctionSyndrome(MPDS)‐(DesirabletoKnow)

2

ORALPHYSIOLOGY1.Theoriesofcalcification 12.Masticationanddeglutition 1OralEmbryology,AnatomyandHistology: 1.Developmentandgrowthoffaceandjaws. 12.Developmentoftooth. 33.CranialnerveswithmoreemphasisonV.VIIandIX. 14.Bloodsupply,nervesupplyandlymphaticdrainageofteethandsurroundingstructures

1

5.Cell‐structureandfunction 16.Maxillarysinus‐Structure,Variations,Histologyfunctionandclinicalconsiderations

2

7.SalivaryGlands‐Classification,structure,function,Histology,ClinicalConsiderationsandagechanges. 4

8.OralMucousmembrane:Definitions,Generalconsideration.Functionsandclassifications.Structureandmicroscopicappearanceofgingiva,palate,lips,alveolarmucosa,tongue,floorofmouth.Gingivalsulcusanddentogingivaljunction.Clinicalconsiderationsandagechanges.

8

9.ENAMEL:Physicalcharacteristics,chemicalpropertiesstructure.Development‐LifecycleofameloblastsAmelogenesisandMineralisation.Clinicalconsiderations.Agechanges.

8

10.DENTIN:Physicalcharacteristics,chemicalproperties,structure.Typesofdentin.Dentininnervationandhypersensitivity.Development‐Dentinogenesisandmineralisation.Clinicalconsiderations.AgeChanges.

6

11.PULP:Anatomy,structuralfeatures,functions,pulporgans.Developments.ClinicalconsiderationAgechanges.

6

12.CEMENIUM:Physicalcharacteristics,chemicalproperties,structure.Cementogenesis.ClinicalconsiderationAgechanges.

4

13.PERIODONTALLIGAMENT:CellsandfibersFunctionsDevelopmentClinicalConsiderations.AgeChanges

5

14.ALVEOLARBONE:Physicalcharacteristics,chemicalpropertiesstructure.StructureDevelopment.Internalreconstruction.Clinicalconsideration.

5

HISTOCHEMISTRYOFORALTISSUES.(Tissueprocessing) 4THEORIESOFERUPTIONANDSHEDDING.(Physiologicaltoothmovement) 4

of 125

ii. Practical:250HoursDENTALANATOMY:Carvingonwaxblocks:‐a.Cube,rectangle,coneandcylinderb.Individualtooth‐Onlypermanentteethofbotharches.‐Central,Incisors,Lateral,Canines,Premolarsand1stmolarHISTOLOGY:ListofHistologyslides:Developmentoftooth:01.Budstageoftoothdevelopment.02.Capstageoftoothdevelopment.03.Earlybellstageoftoothdevelopment.04.LateBellstageoftoothdevelopment.05.Rootformation.ENAMEL:01.Enamelrod.02.Hunter‐SchregerBands03.Tufts,Lamellae,Spindles.04.IncrementallinesofRetzius.05.Neonatalline.06.GnarledEnamel.DENTIN:01.Dentino‐Enameljunction.02.DentinalTubules.03.IncrementallinesofVonEbner.04.Contourlinesofowen.05.Neonatelline.06.Tomesgranularlayer.07.InterglobularDentin.08.SecondaryDentin.09.IntratubularDentin.10.IntertubularDentin.CEMENTUM:01.Cellularcementum.02.Acellularcementum.03.Cementoenameljunction‐Type1‐60%type‐Overlapping.‐Type2‐30%type‐Butt‐Type3‐10%type‐Cementum&Enameldonotmeet.04.Sharpey'sfibers.05.Hypercemntosis.PULP:01.ZonesofPulp.02.Pulpstones.PERIODONTALLIGAMENT:01.PrinciplefibersofPeriodontalligament‐Apical,Horizontal,Oblique,Aveolarcrest,Interradicular,TranseptalALVEOLARBONE:01.Haversiansystem.02.Trabeculatedbone.03.Matureandimmaturebone.SALIVARYGLANDS:01.Mucousgland.02.Serousgland.03.Mixedgland.MAXILLARYSINUS:Sinuslining(Pseudostratifiedciliatedcolumnar)(Desirabletoknow)ORALMUCOUSMEMBRAIN:01.Parakeratinisedepithelium.02.Orthokeratinisedepithelium.03.Palate‐Anterolateralzone.04.Palate‐Posterolateralzone.05.Alveolarmucosa.06.Vermilionborderoflip.

of 125

07.Tongue‐CircumvallatePapillae.‐FungiformPapillae‐FiliformPapillae

PreparationofGroundsections,haematoxylin&Eosinsections&decalcifiedsection‐(Desirabletoknow)

iii. Lecturedemonstration:IdentificationofIndividualteeth

(1) Deciduous(2) Permanent(3) Mixeddentitionusingstudymodels(4) Demonstrationofpreparationofgroundsection,Decalcification,Paraffin

sectionandH&EStaining.

e) SCHEMEOFEXAMINATIONDistributionofTopicsandTypeofQuestionsforUniversitywrittenexamination

Contents TypeofQuestionsandMarks

Marks

A.Dentalanatomy‐ onequestion‐15marksDetailedmorphologyofPermanentteeth,DifferencesbetweenPrimary&Permanentteeth,OcclusionandArrangementofteeth.B.Oralhistology‐onequestion‐15marksDevelopmentoftooth,Enamel‐structure&development,Dentin‐structure&development,Dentalpulp‐structure&histology,Periodontalligament,Alveolarbone‐structure&histology,Oralmucosa‐structure&histology,Eruptionofteeth

LongEssays2x10marks

20

A.Oralhistology‐sixquestions‐30marksB.Dentalanatomy‐threequestions‐15marksC.Oralphysiology‐onequestion‐05marks

ShortEssays10x5marks 50

A.Oralhistology‐fivequestions‐10marksB.Dentalanatomy‐threequestion‐06marksC.Oralphysiology‐onequestion‐02marksD.Oralembryology‐onequestion‐02marks

ShortAnswers10x3marks 30

Total 100i. Theory

UniversitywrittenExamination: 100MarksUniversityViva: 25MarksInternalAssessment: 25Marks

ii. Practicals:InternalAssessment: 20MarksUniversityPracticals: 80Marks GrandTotal250MarksMarkDistributionforUniversityPracticalExamination:ToothCarving: (Timeallotted75Minutes) 30MarksSpotters: (20X2marks) 40MarksPracticalworkRecord: 10marksTypeofSpotters:

13HistologyandGroundSectionslides4ToothIdentification

3Castsforidentificationofteeth,numberingsystemandageassessment

of 125

5. GENERALPATHOLOGYa) AIM:

At the end of the course the student should be competent to: Apply thescientific study of disease processes, which result in morphological andfunctional alterations in cells, tissues and organs to the study of pathologyandthepracticeofdentistry.

b) OBJECTIVES:Enablingthestudenti. To demonstrate and analyze pathological changes macroscopically

explaintheirobservationsintermsofdiseaseprocesses.ii. To integrate knowledge from the basic sciences, clinical medicine and

dentistryinthestudyofPathology.iii. To demonstrate understanding of the capabilities and limitations of

morphological Pathology in its contribution to medicine, dentistry andbiologicalresearch.

iv. To demonstrate ability to consult resource materials outside lectures,laboratoryandtutorialclasses.

c) COURSECONTENT:

i. Theory:55HoursSl.No. TOPIC HOURS

ALLOTTED

1Introduction,Terminologies,Thecellinhealth,Thenormalcellstructure,Thecellularfunctions

1

2

EtiologyandPathogenesisofdisease,CellInjuryTypes‐congenital,AcquiredMainlyAcquiredcauses(Hypoxicinjury,chemicalinjury,physicalinjury,immunologicalinjury)Celldeath&NecrosisApoptosis,definition,causes,featuresandtypesofnecrosisGangrene‐Dry,wet,gasPathologicalCalcifications(Dystrophicandmetastatic)

3

3 Degenerations,Amyloidosis,Fattychange,Cloudyswelling,Hyalinechange,mucoiddegeneration

2

4Inflammation,Definition,causestypes,andfeatures,Acuteinflammation,Thevascularresponse,Thecellularresponse,Chemicalmediators,TheinflammatorycellsFate,Chronicinflammation,Granulomatousinflammation

3

5 HealingRegeneration,RepairMechanisms,Healingbyprimaryintention,Healingbysecondaryintention,Fracturehealing,Factorsinfluencinghealingprocess,Complications

3

6ImmunologicalmechanismsindiseaseHumoral&cellularimmunityHypersensitivity&autoimmunity

2

7

Infections&infestations(1) Syphilis:Epidemiology,Typesandstagesofsyphilis,Pathological,features,

Diagnosticcriteria,Orallesions(2) Typhoid,Epidemiology,Pathogenesis,Pathologicalfeatures,Diagnosticcriteria,

Thrombosis(3) Tuberculosis,Epidemiology,Pathogenesis,(Formationoftubercle),Pathological,

featuresofPrimaryandsecondaryTB,ComplicationsandFate(4) AIDS&Hepatitis(5) Actinomycosis(6) Candidiasis(7) Mucormycosis(8) Pyogenicinfections

6

8

(1) Disordersofcirculation,Hyperemia,Shock(2) Definition,Pathophysiology,Formation,complications&Fateofathrombus(3) Embolism,Definition,Types,Effects(4) IschemiaandInfarction,Definition,etiology,types,Infractionofvariousorgans(5) Derangementsofbodyfluids,Oedema‐Pathogenesis,Differenttypes

4

9 NutritionalDisorders,starvation,obesity,malnutrition,pathogenesisofdeficiency 3

of 125

diseaseswithspecialreferencetodisordersofvitamins&minerals10 DiabetesMellitus,Definition,Classification,Pathogenesis,Pathologyindifferentorgans 211 Hypertension,Definition,classification,Pathophysiology,Effectsinvariousorgans 2

12Briefintroductiontogrowth&differentiationAdaptivedisordersofgrowth,Atrophy&Hypertrophy,Hyperplasia,MetaplasiaandDysplasia

1

13

GeneralAspectsofneoplasia,Definition,terminology,classification,Differencesbetweenbenignandmalignantneoplasms,Theneoplasticcell,Metastasis,Etiologyandpathogenesisofneoplasia,Carcinogenesis,Tumourbiology,Oncogeneandanti‐oncogenes,Diagnosis,Precancerouslesions,Commonspecifictumours,Sqpapilloma&Ca,BasalcellCa,Adenoma&Adenocarcinoma,Fibroma&Fibrosarcoma,Lipomaandliposarcoma

4

14CommondiseasesofBones,Osteomyelitis,Metabolicbonediseases,BoneTumours,Osteosarcoma,Osteocalstoma,GiantcellTumour,Ewing'ssarcoma,Fibrousdysplasia,Aneurysmalbonecyst

3

15Diseasesoforalcavity,Lichenplanus,Stomatitis,Leukoplakia,SquamouscellCa,Dentalcaries,Dentigeriouscyst,AmeloblastomaDiseasesofsalivaryglands,Normalstructure,Sialadenitis&Tumours

4

16DiseasesofCardiovascularsystemCardiacfailuare,CongenitalheartdiseaseASD,VSD,PDA,Fallot’sTetrology,InfectiveEndocarditis,Atherosclerosis,IschaemicheartDisease 2

17Introductiontohaematology,haemopoiesis,bonemarrowaspiration&biopsy,Anaemias,classification,IronDeficiencyanaemia,Megaloblasticanaemia,hemolyticanaemeasandtheirlabinvestigations,Polycythemea.

3

18HaemorrhagicDisorders,CoagulationcascadeCoagulationdisordersPlateletfunction,Plateletdisorders 3

19

DiseasesofWBC’spathologicvariationsinwhitebloodcellcountsandleukemoidreactions,Leukaemias,Acuteandchronicleukaemias,DiagnosisandclinicalfeaturesDiseasesofLymphnodes,Hodgkin'sdisease,NonHodgkinslymphoma,Metastaticcarcinoma

4

ii. Practicalsandlecturedemonstrations:50hours

(1) Lecturedemonstrations:10Hours

a) Anticoagulants,Bloodindicesb) PCV&ESRc) Instruments&theiruses:

(i) Neubauer’sCountingchamber(ii) Haemoglobinometer(iii) W.b.CPippette(iv) WintrobeTube(v) Urinometer

d) CytologicTechniques‐Fnacandbuccalsmeare) Studyofanaemias‐Microcytic,MacrocyticandDimorphicblood

picturef) StudyofAcuteleukemias‐Anyonetypeg) StudyofChronicLeukemias‐Anyonetype

(2) HistopathologySlides&Specimens:20Hours

a) TissueProcessing,Stainingb) Histopathologyslides

(i) Acuteappendicitis,(ii) Granulationtissue,(iii) fattyliver(iv) CVClung,CVCliver,CVCspleen(v) Kidneyamyloidosis(vi) Tuberculosis,

of 125

(vii) Actionomycosis,(viii) Rhinosporidiosis(ix) Squamouscellpapilloma,(x) transitionalcellpapilloma,(xi) pleomorphicadenoma(xii) BasalcellCa,(xiii) SqcellCa(xiv) Osteosarcoma,(xv) osteoclastoma,(xvi) fibrosarcoma(xvii) Malignantmelanoma,(xviii) Ameloblastoma,(xix) Adenocarcinoma(xx) Pleamorphicadenoma(xxi) metatsaticcarcinomainlymphnode(xxii) Capillaryandcavernoushaemangioma(xxiii) Fibroma(xxiv) Neurofibroma(xxv) Lipoma(xxvi) Osteoma,chondroma

c) Specimens

(i) AcuteAppendicitis.(ii) TuberculosisLymphnode.(iii) Fattyliver.(iv) Infarctionspleen.(v) ChronicVenousCongestion(C.V.C.)Liver(vi) Squamouspapilloma(vii) Basalcellcarcinoma(viii) Lipoma(ix) Squamouscellcarcinoma(x) MalignantMelanoma(xi) Adenocarcinoma(xii) Osteosarcoma(xiii) Osteoclastoma.(xiv) Gangrene.

(3) Practicalsthatmustbedonebythestudents:

(i) DeterminationofHaemoglobinpercentage(ii) Bloodgrouping.(iii) TotalLeukocytecount(iv) Bleedingtime,Clottingtime(v) Peripheralbloodsmearstainingandstudy(vi) Differentialleukocytecount.(vii) Urineexamination‐forsugar,ketonebodies,protein,blood,

bilepigmentsandbilesalts‐anyonestandardtest

of 125

d) Schemeofexaminationi. Theory:

DistributionofTopicsandTypeofQuestionsforwrittenexamination

ContentsTypesofQuestions

andMarksMarks

QuestionfromGeneralPathologyInflammation,HealingandRepair,Tuberculosis,Leprosy,Syphilis,Thrombosis,DiabetesMellitus,Neoplasia,Diseasesofbone,Cellinjury,metabolicdisturbances,Circulatorydisturbances,Hypertension,diseasesoforalcavity

LongEssays1x10marks

10

TwoquestionsfromGeneralPathologyIntracellularaccumulations,Necrosis,Gangrene,Apoptosis,Amyloidosis,Pathologiccalcification,hypersensitivityreactions,Infections,Shock,Oedema,Infarction,Congestion,Hypertension,DiabetesMellitus,PremalignantConditions,Neoplasia,Osteomyelitis,Anaemias,NeoplasticProliferationofWBCs–LeukaemiasandLymphomas,Haemorrhagicdisorders,ErythrocyteSedimentationsRate(ESR),Urinesediment.TwofromHaematologyOnefromClinicalPathology

ShortEssays5x5marks

+ShortAnswers5x3marks

2515

Total 50

(1) UniversitywrittenExamination: 50Marks(2) UniversityViva: 10Marks(3) InternalAssessment: 15Marks

iii. Practicals:(1) InternalAssessment: 10Marks(2) UniversityPracticals :

40MarksMarkdistributionforUniversitypracticalexamination

SpottersHaematologyslide 2x2marks Histopathologyslides 5x2marks Specimens 2x2marks Instruments 1x2marks

Toexaminegivensampleofurineforabnormalconstituents 5marksTododifferentialcountonthegivenperipheral bloodsmear 5marksToestimatehaemoglobinpercentageinthegivensampleofblood 5marks

or Todeterminebloodgroups(ABOandRh)inthegivensampleofblood

Practicalworkrecord 5marks

TOTAL40Marks GrandTotal125Marks

of 125

6. GENERALMICROBIOLOGY

a) AIMS:To introduce the students to the exciting world of microbes. To make thestudentsawareofvariousbranchesofmicrobiology,importance,significanceandcontributionofeachbranchtomankindandotherfieldsofmedicine.Theobjectives of teaching microbiology can be achieved by various teachingtechniquessuchas:LecturesLectureDemonstrationsPracticalexercisesAudiovisualaids

Smallgroupdiscussionswithregularfeedbackfromthestudents.

b) OBJECTIVES:i. KnowledgeandUnderstanding

AttheendoftheMicrobiologycoursethestudentisexpectedto:(1) Understandthebasicsofvariousbranchesofmicrobiologyandableto

applytheknowledgerelevantly.(2) Apply theknowledgegained in relatedmedical subjects likeGeneral

MedicineandGeneralSurgeryandDentalsubjectslikeOralPathology,Public Health Dentistry, Periodontics, Oral Surgery, Pedodontics,ConservativeDentistryandOralmedicineinhigherclasses.

(3) Understand and practice various methods of Sterilisation anddisinfectionindentalclinics.

(4) Haveasoundunderstandingofvariousinfectiousdiseasesandlesionsintheoralcavity.

ii. Skills(1) Student should have acquired the skill to diagnose, differentiate

variousorallesions.(2) Shouldbeabletoselect,collectandtransportclinicalspecimenstothe

laboratory.(3) Should be able to carry out proper aseptic procedures in the dental

clinic.

c) COURSECONTENT:AbriefsyllabusofMicrobiologyisgivenasfollows:

i. Generalmicrobiology:(1) History,Introduction,Scope,AimsandObjectives.(2) MorphologyandPhysiologyofbacteria.(3) DetailaccountofSterlisationandDisinfection.(4) BriefaccountofCulturemediaandCulturetechniques.(5) Basicknowledgeofselection,collection,transport,processingof

clinicalspecimensandidentificationofbacteria.(6) BacterialGeneticsandDrugResistanceinbacteria.

ii. Immunology:(1) Infection‐Definition,Classification,Source,Modeoftransmission

andtypesofInfectiousdisease.(2) Immunity

of 125

(3) StructureandfunctionsofImmunesystem(4) TheComplementSystem(5) Antigen(6) Immunoglobulins‐Antibodies‐Generalstructureandtherole

playedindefensemechanismofthebody.(7) Immuneresponse(8) Antigen‐Antibodyreactions‐withreferencetoclinicalutility. (9) Immunodeficiencydisorders‐abriefknowledgeofvarioustypesof

immunodeficiencydisorders‐Asoundknowledgeofimmunodeficiencydisordersrelevanttodentistry.

(10) Hypersensitivityreactions(11) Autoimmunedisorders‐Basicknowledgeofvarioustypes‐sound

knowledgeofautoimmunedisordersoforalcavityandrelatedstructures.

(12) ImmunologyofTransplantationandMalignancy(13) Immunehaematology

iii. Systematicbacteriology:(1) Pyogenic cocci ‐ Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pneumococcus,

Gonococc Meningococcus ‐ brief account of each coccus ‐ detailedaccountofmodeofspreadlaboratorydiagnosis,Chemotherapyandprevention.

(2) DetailedaccountofCariogenicStreptococci(3) Corynebacterium diphtheriae ‐ mode of spread, important clinical

feature, Laboratory diagnosis, Chemotherapy and Activeimmunisation.

(4) Mycobacteria‐TuberculosisandLeprosy(5) Clostridium‐Gasgangrene,foodpoisoningandtetanus.(6) Non‐sporing Anaerobes ‐ in brief about classification and

morphology, in detail about dental pathogens ‐ mechanism ofdiseaseproductionandprevention.

(7) Spirochaetes ‐ Treponema pallidum ‐ detailed account of OralLesionsofsyphilis,Borreliavincentii.Actinomycetes.

iv. Virology:(1) Introduction(2) Generalproperties,cultivation,host ‐virus interactionwithspecial

referencetoInterferon.(3) Brief account of Laboratory diagnosis, Chemotherapy and immuno

prophylaxisingeneral.(4) Afewvirusesofrelevancetodentistry.

a) HerpesVirusb) HepatitisBVirus‐briefaboutothertypesc) HumanImmunodeficiencyVirus(HIV)d) MumpsViruse) Brief‐MeaslesandRubellaVirus

(5) Bacteriophage‐structureandSignificancev. Mycology:

(1) BriefIntroduction(2) Candidosis‐indetail(3) Brieflyonorallesionsofsystemicmycoses.

of 125

vi. Parasitology:(1) Briefintroduction‐protozoansandhelminths(2) Briefknowledgeaboutthemodeoftransmissionandpreventionof

commonlyseenparasiticinfectionintheregion.f) Theory:65Hours

Topics Hours

I. GENERALBACTERIOLOGY

1. Introduction,Historyandclassification. 022. Morphology,PhysiologyofBacterialcell. 02

3. BacterialGenetics 02

4. Infection 02

II.IMMUNOLOGY

1. Immunity 022. Antigen 01

3. Antibodies 01

4. StructuresandfunctionsofImmunesystem 01

5. Immuneresponse 01

6. Antigenandantigenreactions&compliment 04

7. Hypersensitivity 02

8. Autoimmunity 01

9. Immunologyoftransplantation 01

III.SYSTEMATICBACTERIOLOGY

1. Staphylococci 012. Streptococci(DentalCaries) 02

3. Pneumococci 01

4. Meningococci&Gonococci 01

5. Corynebacteriumdiphtheriae 02

6. Bacillus 01

7. Clostridia 02

8. NonsporingAnaerobes 02

9. Mycobacteria 03

10. Spirochaetes(Treponema,leptospiraandBorrelia) 03

11. NormalbacterialfloraoftheOralCavity 01IV. VIROLOGY

1. Generalpropertiesofviruses 032. Herpesviruses 02

3. MeaslesandMumps 01

4. Rabiesvirus. 01

5. Hepatitisviruses 02

6. HumanImmunodeficiencyVirus(HIV) 01

7. Adenooncogenicviruses&Poliomyelitis 02

V. PARASITOLOGY

1. Introductiontoparasiticdiseases 01

2. Entamoebahistolytica,Malaria,Leishmania 03VI.MYCOLOGY

1. Candidiasis(indetail) 02

2. Rhinosporidiosis 02

VII. APPLIEDMICROBIOLOGY

1. Immunisationschedule,Collectionofmaterials,Experimentalanimals&hospitalinfections–inbrief

02

of 125

vii. Practicals/Demonstrations:50Hours(1) Demonstrations:

a) Morphologicalformsofmicrobesb) Differentmorphologicalformsofbacteria,viruses,fungi,parasites.c) SterilizationMethods–Specifiedtechniques–theiruses.d) CultureMedia–transportmediae) Special staining techniques, stained preparations – dark ground

microscopy.f) Demonstrationofbacteriainstainedclinicalmaterial.g) Demonstrationof viruses –Permanentpreparationsmorphology,

inclusionbodies.h) Demonstrationofparasite–inbloodsmear–instool–inurine.i) Demonstrationofcommonfungi–candida–Dermatophytes.

(2) Practicals:a) Simplestainingofbacteriab) Gram’sstaining–isolatedbacteria–Clinicalmaterials.c) Ziehl‐Neelsenstaining–preparedandfixedsmears.d) Collectionofmaterialsforculture–pus,blood.

(3) Listofpracticalmaterialsslidesfordemonstration:

a) Staphylococcusb) Streptococcusc) Gonococcusd) Pneumococcuse) Mtuberculosisf) Mlepraeg) Anthraxh) Cl.tetanii) Spirochaetesj) GramNegativeBacillik) Candidal) Actinomyces

(4) Slidesforpracticalexercises:a) Gramsstains

(i) Staphylococci(ii) Gramnegativebacilli(iii) Mixtureofanytwoorganisms(iv) Gramstainoftheoralcavity

b) Albertsstain–Kleb’sLoffeler’sBacilli(KLB)cultureslidec) Ziehl‐Neelson’s stain‐SputumpositiveforAFB

(5) Mediafordemonstration:i. Uninoculatedmedia:

(i) Nutrientagarplate(ii) Bloodagarplate(iii) Chocolateagarplate(iv) Macconkeyagarplate(v) Glucosecitratebroth (Bloodculturebottle)(vi) LowensteinJohnson’sMediaslope

of 125

(vii) Loefflersserumslope(viii) Sabouraudsslope(ix) Milkagarplate(x) RobertCookedMeatbroth

ii. Inoculatedmedia:(i) Nutrientagarwithstaphylococci(ii) BloodAgarwithAlphaHaemolyticStreptococci(iii) BloodAgarwithBetaHaemolyticStreptococci(iv) PotassiumTealuritewithgrowthofC.diphtheriae(v) Milkagarwithstaphylococci(vi) Antibioticssensitivityplate

iii. Animals:(i) Guineapig(ii) Rabbit(iii) Mice

iv. Instruments:(i) VDRLslide(ii) Tuberculinsyringe(iii) Sterileswab(iv) Seitzfilter(v) Macintoshfildsjar(vi) Widalrackwithtubes(vii) Microtitreplate(viii) Disposablesyringe(ix) Surgicalgloves

d) SchemeofExaminationi. Theory

DistributionofTopicsandTypeofQuestionsforUniversitywrittenexamination:

Contents Type of Questions and Marks Marks

One Long Essay question from Systematic Bacteriology Long Essays1x10marks 10

One question from General bacteriology One question from Immunology One question from Mycology One question from Parasitology / Oral Microbiology One question from Systematic Bacteriology


One question from General bacteriology One question from Immunology One question from Systematic Bacteriology Two questions from Virology


Total 50

(1) UniversitywrittenExamination: 50Marks(2) UniversityViva: 15Marks(3) InternalAssessment: 10Marks

iv. Practicals:(1) InternalAssessment: 10Marks(2) UniversityPracticals : 40Marks

GrandTotal125Marks

of 125

MarkdistributionforUniversitypracticalexaminationSpottersslides 5x2Marks Media 3x2Marks Instruments 2x2MarksGram'sStain 7Marks Ziehl‐Neelsen'sStain 8MarksPracticalworkrecord 5Marks

7. DENTALMATERIALS

a) INTRODUCTION:ThescienceofDentalMaterialhasundergonetremendouschangesovertheyears. Continued research has led to new material systems and changingconceptsinthedentalfield.Interlinkedwithvariousspecializedbranchesofchemistry, practically all engineering applied sciences and biologicalcharacteristics, the science of dentalmaterial emerged as basic sciences initselfwithitsownvaluesandprinciples.

b) AIMS:Aim of the course is to present basic chemical and physical properties ofDental materials as they are related to its manipulation to give a soundeducational background so that the practice of the dentistry emerged fromart to empirical status of science as more information through furtherresearch becomes available. It is also the aim of the course of Dentalmaterialstoprovidewithcertaincriteriaofselectionandwhichwillenabletodiscriminate between facts and propaganda with regards to claims ofmanufactures.

c) OBJECTIVES:Tounderstandtheevolutionanddevelopmentofscienceofdentalmaterial.To explain purpose of course in dentalmaterials to personnel’s concernedwith the profession of the dentistry. Knowledge of physical and chemicalproperties. Knowledge of biomechanical requirements of particularrestorativeprocedure. An intelligentcompromiseof theconflictingaswellasco‐coordinatingfactorsintothedesiredErnest.Layingdownstandardsorspecifications of variousmaterials to guide tomanufacturers as well as tohelpprofessionals.Searchfornewerandbettermaterialswhichmayanswerourrequirementswithgreatersatisfaction.Tounderstandandevaluate theclaimsmadebymanufacturesofdentalmaterials.At the endof the course the student should have the knowledge about thecomposition, properties, manipulative techniques and their variouscommercialnames.The student shouldalsoacquire skills to select andusethematerialsappropriatelyforlaboratoryandclinicaluse.

d) NEEDFORTHECOURSE:

Theprofessionhastoraisefromanarttoascience,theneedforthedentisttopossess adequate knowledge of materials to exercises his best throughknowledge of properties of different types of materials. There is growingconcern of health hazards due to mercury toxicity, inhalation of certain

of 125

vapours or dust materials, irritations and allergic reaction to skin due tocontact of materials. The Dentist need to acquire wider knowledge ofphysical,chemicalandbiologicalpropertiesofthevariousmaterialsusedinthemouthbecausetheymaycauseirritationoforaltissues.pHofsomeoftherestorative materials cause inflammation and necrosis of pulp which is aconcern and thepatient should be protected from these. Certain criteria ofselection are provided thatwill enable the dentist to discriminate betweenfactsandpropaganda,whichwillmakeamaterialbiologicallyacceptable.

e) SCOPE:Dental materials are employed in mechanical procedures includingrestorativedentistry suchasProsthodontics,Endodontics,PeriodonticsandOrthodontics.Thereisscarcelyadentalprocedurethatdoesnotmakeuseofdental materials in one form or another and therefore the application ofdentalmaterial isnot limitedtoanyonebranchofdentistry.Branchessuchas minor surgery and Periodontics require less use of materials but thephysical and chemical charactersofmaterials are important in these fields.The toxicand tissue reactionofdentalmaterials and theirdurability in theoralcavitywherethetemperatureisbetween32&37degreecentigrade,andtheingestionofhotorcoldfoodrangesfrom0‐70degreecentigrade.TheacidanalkalinityoffluidsshownpHvariesfrom4to8.5.Theloadon1sq.mmoftoothorrestorativematerialscanreachtoalevelashighasmanykilograms.Thusthebiologicalpropertiesofdentalmaterialscannotbeseparatedfromtheirphysicalandchemicalproperties.

f) THEORY:80HOURS(20hoursinFirstBDS&60hoursinsecondBDS)SectionA‐Prosthodontics,SectionB‐ConservativeDentistry

Sl.No Topic Hours

1. Introduction‐SectionAProsthodontics&SectionBConservativeDentistry 2

2.

Structureofmatterandprinciplesofadhesion‐ SectionAChangeofstate,interatomicprimarybonds,interatomicsecondarybonds,interatomicbonddistanceandbondingenergy, thermalenergy, crystalline structure,noncrystallinestructures,diffusion,adhesionandbondingandadhesiontotoothstructures.

2

3.

Importantphysicalpropertiesapplicabletodentalmaterials‐ SectionAPhysical properties are based on laws of mechanics, acoustics, optics, thermodynamics, electricity,magnetism, radiation, atomic structure or nuclear phenomena. Hue, value, chroma and translucencyphysical properties basedon lawsof optics, dealingwith phenomenaof light, vision and sight. Thermalconductivity&coefficientofthermalexpansionarephysicalpropertiesbasedonlawsofthermodynamics.Stress, strain, proportional limit, elastic limit yield strength, modulus of elasticity, flexibility, resilience,impact, impact strength, permanent deformation, strength, flexure strength fatigue, static fatigue,toughness, brittleness, ductility & malleability, hardness, abrasion resistance, relaxation, rheology,Thixotropic, creep, static creep, dynamic creep, flow, colour, three dimensional colour ‐ hue, values,chroma,Munsellsystem,metamersim,fluorescence,physicalpropertiesoftooth,stressduringmastication.

6

4.

Biologicalconsiderationsinuseofdentalmaterials‐SectionAMaterialsusedarewiththeknowledgeofappreciationofcertainbiologicalconsiderationsforuseinoralcavity.Requirementofmaterialswithbiologicalcompatibility.Classificationofmaterialsfromperspectiveofbiologicalcompatibility,eg.contactwithsofttissues,affectingvitalityofpulp,usedforrootcanalfillings,affectinghardtissuesofteeth,laboratorymaterialsthatcouldbeaccidentallybeinhaledoringestedduringhandling. Hazards associated with materials: pH‐effecting pulp, polymers causing chemical irritation,mercury toxicity, etc. Microleakage, Thermal changes, Galvanism, toxic effect of materials. Biologicalevaluation for systemic toxicity, skin irritation,mutagenecity and carcinogenicity. Disinfection of dentalmaterialsforinfectioncontrol.

2

5.Gypsum&gypsumproducts‐SectionAGypsum‐itsorigin,chemicalformula,Productsmanufacturedfromgypsum.Dentalplaster,Dentalstone, 4

of 125

Die stone, high strength, high expansion stone. Application and manufacturing procedure of each,macroscopicandmicroscopicstructureofeach.SuppliedasandCommercialnames.Chemistryofsetting,setting reaction, theories of setting, gauging water, Microscopic structure of set material. Setting time:working timeandsetting time,Measurementof setting timeand factorscontrollingsetting time. Settingexpansion, Hygroscopic setting expansion ‐ factors affecting each Strength: wet strength, dry strength,factorsaffectingstrength,tensilestrengthSlurry‐needanduse.Careofcast.ADAclassificationofgypsumproductsDescriptionofimpressionplasteranddentalinvestmentManipulationincludingrecentmethodsor advanced methods. Disinfection: infection control, liquids, sprays, radiation Method of use ofdisinfectantsStorageofmaterial‐shelflife.

6.

Impressionmaterialsusedindentistry‐SectionAImpressionplaster, Impressioncompound,ZincoxideEuginol impressionpaste&biteregistrationpasteincl., non Euginol paste, Hydrocolloids, reversible and irreversible, Elastomeric impression materials.Polysulphide, Condensation silicones,Addition silicones, Polyether,Visible light curepolyetherurethanedimethacrylate. Historical background & development of each impression material, Definition ofimpression, Purpose of making impression, Ideal properties required and application of material.ClassificationasperADAspecification,general&individualimpressionmaterial.Applicationandtheirusesindifferentdisciplines.Marketedasandtheircommercialnames,Modeofsupply&modeofapplicationbulk/washimpression.Composition,chemistryofsetting,Controlofsettingtime,Typeofimpressiontraysrequired,Adhesiontotray,manipulation, instruments&equipmentsrequired.Techniquesof impression,storageofimpression,(Compatibilitywithcastanddiematerial).Anyrecentadvancementinmaterialandmixingdevices. Study of properties:Working time, setting time, flow, accuracy, strength, flexibility, tearstrength, dimensional stability, and compatibilitywith cast & die materials incl., electroplatingBiological properties: tissue reaction, Shelf life & storage of material. Infection control ‐ disinfectionAdvantages&disadvantagesofeachmaterial.

10

7.

Syntheticresinsusedindentistry‐SectionAHistorical background and development ofmaterial, Denture basematerials and their classification andrequirement.Classificationof resins,Dental resins ‐ requirements of dental resins, applications,polymerisation,polymerisationmechanismstagesinadditionpolymerisation,inhibitionofpolymerisation,co‐polymerization,molecularweight, crosslinking, plasticizers, Physical propertiesofpolymers, polymerstructurestypesofresins.

3

Acrylicresins:‐SectionAModeofpolymerisation:Heatactivated,Chemicallyactivated,LightactivatedModeofsupply,application,composition,polymerisationreactionofeach.Technicalconsiderations:Methodsofmanipulationforeachtypeofresin.Physicalpropertiesofdenturebaseresin.Miscellaneousresins&techniques:Repairresins,Relining and rebasing. Short term and long‐term soft‐liners, temporary crown and bridge resins, Resinimpression trays, Tray materials, Resin teeth, materials in maxillofacial prosthesis, Denture cleansers,Infectioncontrolindetail,Biologicalpropertiesandallergicreactions.

3

Restorativeresins:‐SectionBHistoricalbackground,Resinbasedrestorativematerials,unfilled&filled,Compositerestorativematerials,Modeofsupply,Composition,Polymerisationmechanisms:Chemicallyactivated,Lightactivated,Dualcure:Degreeofconversion,Polymerisationshrinkage.ClassificationofComposites:Application,compositionandpropertiesofeach,Compositesofposteriorteeth,Prosthodonticsresinsforveneering.Biocompatibility‐microleakage,pulpalreaction,pulpalprotectionManipulationofcomposites:TechniquesofinsertionofChemicallyactivated,lightactivated,dualcurePolymerisation,Finishingandpolishingofrestoration,Repairofcomposites.Directbonding,Needforbonding,Acid‐etchtechnique,Enamelbonding,Dentinbondingagents.Modeofbonding,Bondstrength,SandwichtechniqueitsindicationandprocedureExtendedapplicationforcomposites:Resinsforrestoringerodedteeth,Pitandfissuresealing,Resininlayssystem‐Indirect&direct,Corebuildup,Orthodonticapplications.

4

8.

Metalandalloys‐SectionBStructure and behaviour of metals, Solidification of metals, mechanism of crystallisation amorphous &crystalline.Classificationofalloys,Solidsolutions,andConstitutesorequilibriumphasediagrams:Electricalloys, Physical properties, Peritectic alloys, Solid state reaction other binary systems:Metallography&Heat treatment Tarnish and corrosion Definition, causes of corrosion, protection against corrosion,Corrosionofdentalrestorations,clinicalsignificanceofgalvaniccurrent.Dentalamalgam‐SectionBHistory, Definition of dental amalgam, application, Alloy classification, manufacture of alloy powdercomposition‐availableas.Amalgamation:settingreaction&resultingstructure,properties,MicroleakageDimensionalstability,Strength,Creep,ClinicalperformanceManipulation:Selectionofalloy,proportioning,mechanism of trituration, condensation, carving & finishing. Effect of dimensional changes, Marginaldeterioration.Repairofamalgam,mercurytoxicity,mercuryhygiene.Directfillinggold‐SectionBPropertiesofpuregold,modeofadhesionofgold forrestoration formsofdirect fillinggold forusingasrestorative material. Classification: Gold Foil, Electrolytic precipitate, powdered gold Manipulation:Removalofsurfaceimpuritiesandcompactionofdirectfillinggold.Physicalpropertiesofcompacted

10

9. Dentalcastingalloys‐SectionB 6

of 125

Historicalbackground,desirablepropertiesofcastingalloys.Alternativestocastmetaltechnology:directfillinggold,amalgam,mercuryfreecondensable intermetalliccompound‐analternativetometalcastingprocess. CAD‐CAM process formetal & ceramic inlays ‐ without need of impression of teeth or castingprocedure,puretitanium,mostbiocompatiblemetalwhicharedifficulttocastcanbemadeintocrownswith the aid of CAD‐ CAM technology . Another method of making copings ‐ by copy milling (withoutcastingprocedures).Classificationofcastingalloys:By function&description.Recentclassification,Highnoble (HN), Noble (N) and predominantly basemetal (PB) Alloys for crown& bridge,metal ceramic &removablepartialdenture.Composition, function, constituentsand application, eachalloybothnobleandbasemetal,Propertiesofalloys:Meltingrange,mechanicalproperties,hardness,elongation,modulusof elasticity, tarnish and corrosion. Casting shrinkage and compensation of casting shrinkage.Biocompatibility ‐ Handling hazards & precautions of basemetal alloys, casting investments used. Heattreatment:Softening&hardeningheattreatment.Recyclingofmetals.Titaniumalloys&theirapplication,properties & advantages. Technical considerations in casting. Heat source, furnaces, gold, Clinicalperformance.

10

Dentalwaxesincludinginlaycastingwax‐SectionBIntroductionandimportanceofwaxes:Sourcesofnaturalwaxesandtheirchemicalnature.ClassificationofWaxes:Properties:meltingrange, thermalexpansion,mechanicalproperties, flow&residual stresses,ductility. Dental Wax: Inlay wax: Mode of supply: Classification & composition, Ideal requirements:Propertiesofinlaywax:Flow,thermalpropertiesWaxdistortion&itscauses.Manipulationofinlaywax:Instruments & equipment required, including electrically heated instruments metal tips andthermostatically controlledwax baths. Otherwaxes: Applications,mode of supply & properties. CastingWax,Baseplatewax,Processingwax,Boxingwax,Utilitywax,Stickywax,ImpressionwaxforcorrectiveimpressionsBiteregistrationwax.

2

11

Dentalcastinginvestments‐SectionADefinition, requirements, classificationGypsumbonded ‐ classification.Phosphatebonded, SilicabondedMode of Supply: Composition, application , setting mechanism, setting time & factors controlling.Expansions: Setting expansion, Hygroscopic Setting expansion, & thermal expansion: factors affecting.Properties: Strength, porosity, and fineness & storage. Technical considerations: For Casting procedurePreparationofdie,Waxpattern,spruing, investing,controlofshrinkagecompensation,waxburnout,andheatingtheinvestedring,casting.Castingmachines,sourceofheatformeltingthealloy.Defectsincasting.

2

12.

Soldering,brazingandwelding‐SectionB(Classestobehandledbyorthodonticsdepartment)Need of joining dental appliances, Terms & Definition,Solders: Definition, ideal requirement, types ofsolders‐Soft&hardandtheirfusiontemperature,application.Modeofsupplyofsolders,Compositionandselection, Properties. Tarnish & corrosion resistance mechanical properties, microstructure of solderedjoint.Fluxes&Antifluxes:Definition,Function,Types,commonlyusedfluxes&theirselectionTechniqueofSoldering & Brazing: free hand soldering and investment, steps and procedure. Welding,: Definition,application,requirements,procedure,welddecay‐causesandhowtoavoidit.Laserwelding.

2

13.

Wroughtbasemetalalloys‐SectionA(Classestobehandledbyorthodonticsdepartment)Applicationsanddifferentalloysusedmainlyfororthodonticspurpose1. Stainlesssteel2. Cobaltchromiumnickel3. Nickeltitanium4. BetatitaniumProperties required for orthodontic wires, working range, springiness, stiffness, resilience, Formability,ductility,easeofjoining,corrosionresistance,stabilityinoralenvironment,biocompatibilityStainless steels: Description, type, composition & properties of each type. Sensitisation & stabilisation,Mechanicalproperties‐strength,tensile,yieldstrength,KHN.Braided&twistedwirestheirneed,Soldersfor stainless steel, Fluxes, Welding. Wrought cobalt chromium nickel alloys, composition, allocation,properties, heat treatment, physical properties. Nickel ‐ Titanium alloys, shape, memory & superelasticTitaniumalloys,application,composition,properties,welding,Corrosionresistance

3

14.

Dentalcements‐SectionBDefinition&IdealrequirementsofDentalCements:Silicate,Glassionomer,metalmodifiedglassionomer,resinmodifiedglass ionomer,zincoxideEuginol,modifiedzincoxideEuginol,zincphosphate,zincsilicophosphate, zinc poly carboxylate Cavity liners and cement bases Varnishes Calcium hydroxide. GuttaperchaApplication,classification(generalandindividual),settingmechanism,modeofsupply,Properties,factorsaffectingsetting,specialemphasisoncriticalproceduresofmanipulationandprotectionofcement,modeof adhesion, biomechansim of caries inhibition. Agents for pulpal protection,Modifications and recentadvances,Principlesofcementation.Specialemphasisoncavitylinersandcementbasesandlutingagents.

5

15.

Dentalceramics‐SectionBHistorical background & General applications of Dental ceramics: definition, classification, application,modeofsupply,manufacturingprocedure,methodsofstrengthening.Propertiesoffusedceramic:Strengthandfactorsaffecting,modulusofelasticity,surfacehardness,wearresistance,thermalproperties,specificgravity,chemicalstability,estheticproperties,biocompatability,technicalconsiderations.MetalCeramics(PFM): Alloys ‐ Types and composition of alloys Ceramic ‐ Type and Composition.Metal CeramicBond,

8

of 125

Natureofbond.Bondingusingelectrodeposition,foilcopings,bondedplatinumfoil,swagedgoldalloyfoilcoping.Technicalconsiderationsforporcelainandporcelainfusedmetalrestorations.Recentadvances‐allporcelain restorations, Manganese core, injection moulded, castable ceramics, glass infiltrated aluminacore ceramic (In ceram), ceramic veners, inlays andonlays, andCAD ‐ CAM ceramic. Chemical attack ofceramicbyfluoride.Porcelainfurnaces.

16.

Abrasion&polishingagents‐SectionADefinition of abrasion and polishing. Need of abrasion and polishing. Types of abrasives: Finishing,polishing& cleaning. Types of abrasives:Diamond, Emery, aluminumoxides garnet, pumice,Kieselgurh,tripoli, rouge, tin oxide, chalk, chromic oxide, sand, carbides, diamond, zirconium silicate Zincoxide.Abrasiveaction.Desirablecharacteristicsofanabrasive,Rateofabrasion,Sizeofparticle,pressureand speed. Grading of abrasive & polishing agents. Binder, Polishing materials & procedures used.Technicalconsideration,MaterialandprocedureusedforabrasionandpolishingElectrolyticpolishingandburnishing.

1

17.Dieandcounterdiematerialsincludingelectroformingandelectropolishing‐SectionATypes‐Gypsumproducts,Electroforming,Epoxyresin,Amalgam 1

18. Dentalimplants‐SectionAEvolutionofdentalimplants,typesandmaterials.

2

19.Mechanicsofcutting‐SectionBBursandpoints.

1

20

Wastedisposal‐SectionBAt the end of the course the student should have the knowledge about the composition, properties,manipulative techniques and their various commercial names. The student should also acquire skills toselectandusethematerialsappropriatelyforlaboratoryandclinicaluse.(1) Qualitativeobservationofrestorativedentalresins.(2) Determinationofsettingtimeofchemicallyactivatedcompositeresins.

1

g) PRACTICALS:100Hours(40hoursinFirstBDS&60HoursinsecondBDS)

Demonstrationofmanipulationofallmaterialsforabatchnotmorethan8students.Exercisestobedonebyeachstudent:Impressionmaterial Manipulation and making impression and identifying setting time anddefects.(Comparativestudiesincluded)Gypsumproducts Manipulation and pouring impressions ‐ identify setting time andworking time and working time with reference to proportion, watertemp,andspatulationtimeSelf‐cureandheatcureacrylicresinmanipulationandcuringCements ‐manipulationandstudying setting timeandworking time forluting,baseandrestorationSilver Amalgam ‐ manipulation, trituration, condensation and studyingsetting andworkingtime

h) SCHEMEOFEXAMINATION:

The University Theory examination will have two sections of 50marks each Section A Prosthodontics & Section B ConservativeDentistryFor Dental Materials University Practical Examination, if internalexaminer is from Prosthodontics, External examiner should be fromConservativeDentistryandviceversaDistribution of Topics and Type of Questions for University Writtenexamination:

of 125

SectionA:ProsthodonticsContents

TypesofQuestionsandMarks Marks

QuestionfromAnyProsthodontictopicinSectionAtopicLong Essays1x10marks

10

QuestionsfromanySectionAtopicincludingorthodontics.Avoidquestionsintopicfromwhichthelongessayquestionis

set

ShortEssays5x5marks

25


15 Total 50

i. Theory UniversityWritten 50MarksInternalAssessment 15MarksVivaVoce: 10Marks

ii. Practicals:UniversityPracticalExamination: 40MarksSpotters(5x2Marks) 10MarksManipulationofAnyoneofthefollowingDentalmaterials:25MarksGypsumproductsIrreversibleHydrocolloidImpressionCompoundRubberbaseimpressionMaterialZincOxideImpressionMaterial PracticalWorkRecord 5Marks

InternalAssessment: 10MarksGrandTotal125Marks

DistributionofTopicsandTypeofQuestionsforUniversityWrittenexamination:SectionB:ConservativeDentistry

Contents TypesofQuestionsandMarks

Marks

QuestionfromAnyConservativeDentistrytopicinSectionBLongEssays1x10marks

10

QuestionsfromanySectionBtopicincludingorthodontics.Avoidquestionsintopicfromwhichthelongessayquestionis

set

ShortEssays5x5marks

25


15 Total 50

i. Theory UniversityWritten 50MarksInternalAssessment 10MarksVivaVoce: 15Marks

ii. Practicals:UniversityPracticalExamination: 40MarksSpotters(5x2Marks) 10MarksManipulationofAnyoneofthefollowingDentalCements:25MarksZnOEuginol(Luting/FilingConsistency)ZincPhosphateCement(Luting/baseConsistency)GlassIonomerCementTypeI/II(Luting/FillingConsistency)PolycarboxylateCement(LutingConsistency)AmalgamTrituration PracticalWorkRecord 5Marks

InternalAssessment: 10Marks GrandTotal125Marks

of 125

8. GENERALANDDENTALPHARMACOLOGYANDTHERAPEUTICSa) GOAL:

The broad goal of teaching under graduate students in pharmacology is toinculcate rational and scientific basis of therapeutics keeping in view ofdentalcurriculumandProfession.

b) OBJECTIVES:Attheendofthecoursethestudentshallbeableto:i. Describe the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of essential

andcommonlyuseddrugsingeneralandindentistryinparticular,ii. List the indications, contraindications; interactions, and adverse

reactionsofcommonlyuseddrugswithreason,iii. Tailortheuseofappropriatedrugsindiseasewithconsiderationtoits

cost,efficacy,safetyforindividualandmasstherapyneeds,iv. Indicate special care in prescribing common and essential drugs in

special medical situationssuchaspregnancy, lactation,oldage,renal,hepaticdamageandimmunocompromisedpatients,

v. Integratetherationaldrugtherapyinclinicalpharmacology,vi. Indicatetheprinciplesunderlyingtheconceptsof"Essentialdrugs".

c) SKILLS:Attheendofthecoursethestudentshallbeableto:i. Prescribedrugsforcommondentalandmedicalailments.ii. To appreciate adverse reactions and drug interactions of commonly

useddrugs.iii. Observeexperimentsdesignedforstudyofeffectsofdrugs.iv. Critically evaluate drug formulations and be able to interpret the

clinical pharmacology of marketed preparations commonly used indentistry.

d) INTEGRATION:

Practical knowledge of use of drugs in clinical practice will be acquiredthroughintegratedteachingwithclinicaldepartments.

e) THEORY:70HOURS1.GeneralPharmacology:a.Definitions:Pharmacology,drug,Pharmacy,sourcesofdrugswithexamples. 1b.Pharmacokineticswithclinicalimplications. 2c.Routesofadministration:oral,inhalation,intradermal,Subcutaneous,intramuscular,intravenous intrathecal,perineural&Newerdrug regimes(Advantagesanddisadvantageswiththeexamplesofdrugsadministered).

1

d.Pharmacodynamics : mechanism of action, factors modifying drugactionswith emphasis onfactors like ‐ age, sex, dose, frequency &routeofadministration,presenceofotherdrugs,PharmacogeneticsandPathologicalconditions.

2

e.Therapeutics:Principlesofdrugtherapy,Adversedrug reactionsanddruginteractions. 32.ANSdrugs:Clinicallyusedexamples,theirimportantpharmacologicalactions(which form the basis for the uses), clinicaluses along withdentalusesifanyandspecificadverseeffectsof‐a.Sympathomimetics 1b.Sympatholytics‐alphablockers,Beta‐blockers. 2c.Cholinomimetics. 2d.Anticholinergics: 23.Detailedpharmacologyof:a.Clinicallyusedopiodandnon‐opiodanalgesics. 2b.Clinicallyusedlocalanesthetics. 2

of 125

DetailedPharmacology&Enumerationofclinicallyusedagents,theirbrief Pharmacology,clinicalusesalongwithdentalusesifany,andspecificadverseeffectsof:

a.Ethylalcohol‐actions,usesanddruginteractions. 1b.Generalanesthetics&Preanaestheticmedication 2c.Antipsychotics,antidepressants,anxiolytics 2d.Sedativehypnotics 2e.Antiepileptics 1CVSdrugs : Enumeration/Classificationof clinicallyusedagents theirimportantpharmacologicalactions(thatformthebasisoftheiruses)Clinicalusesalongwithdentalusesifany,andspecificadverseeffectsof

a.Cardiacglycosides 1b.Antianginaldrugs 1c.Antihypertensives. 1d.Diuretics 1e.Pharmacotherapyofshocks‐anaphylactic,cardiogenichypovolemic&Septic. 1Drugsactingonblood:Detailedpharmacologyof: a.Coagulants,anticoagulants,fibrinolytics,antiplateletdrugsandstyptics 3b.Hematinics:IronpreparationVit.B12,FolicacidVit.C 3c.Vit.Dandcalciumpreparations 1Endocrines: Enumeration/Classification of clinically used agents andtheirpreparations,Mechanismofaction,clinicalusesalongwithdentalusesifanyandspecificadverseeffectsof:

a.Drugsusedindiabetesmellitus 2b.Corticosteroids 2Chemotherapy: Enumeration/ClassificationofclinicallyusedAgents,theirmechanismofactionclinicalusesalongwithdentalusesifanyandspecificadverseeffectsof:

a.Sulfonamides 1b.Beta‐lactumantibiotics 2c.Macrolidesandaminoglycosides 1d.Broadspectrumantibiotics 1e.Antifungalandantiviral(acyclovir)agents 2f.Metronidazoleandfluoroquinolones 1g.AntineoplasticDrugs:Alkylatingagents,Antimetabolities,Radioactive Isotopes, Vinka Alkaloids,AntiCancerousantibiotics.

2

h.DrugTherapyofTuberculosis,Leprosy&Malaria 3Otherdrugs : Enumeration of clinically used agents, general uses alongwithdentalusesifanyandspecificadverseeffectsof:

a.Antihistaminesandantiemetics 2b.Drugsusedinbronchialasthmaandcough 1c.Drugsusedinpepticulcer 2d.Chelatingagents‐BAL,EDTA&Penicillamine 1e.Antihelmenthics 2DentalPharmacology a.Fluoridepharmacology 1b.Antiseptics,astringents&Sialogogues 1c.Obtundents,Mummifyingagentsanddisclosingagents 1d.Preventionanddrugtherapyofemergenciesindentalpractice

2

1.Seizures2.Anaphylaxis3.Severebleeding4.Shock5.Tetany6.Statusasthmaticus7.Acuteaddisoniancrisis8.DiabeticKetoacidosis

of 125

f) PRACTICALSANDDEMONSTRATIONS:20HOURSTofamiliarisethestudentwiththemethodology:prescriptionwritinganddispensing.Rationaleofdrugcombinationsofmarketeddrugs.

Sl.No. Procedure Hours1 Introduction‐equipmentsusedindispensing pharmacy, prescription ‐ partsandmodelprescription. 22 Demonstrationofcommondosageforms used in clinical practice3 Mixtures ‐ one example (Expectorant/Salicylate) of simple and diffusible(Bismuth Kaolin/chalk)

mixtures2

4 Emulsion‐Types andexample(Liniment turpentine/ Shark liveroil) ofemulsion 25 Powders‐toothpowder 26 Mandl's paint/Gum paint percentage dilution ‐ concept and calculationswith suitableexamples. 27 Mouthwashes‐Alkaline,antiseptic, astringent 28 Toothpastes 29 Prescription writing for 15 general conditions commonly encountered in clinical practice. eg.

Bronchial asthma, hypertension congestive heartfailure, angina pectoris, pepticulcer,bacillary dysentery, pseudomembranous colitis, diabetes mellitus, diabetic comaosteoarthritis, anaphylaxis, status asthmaticus, Status epilepticus, iron deficiency & perniciousanaemia

2

10 Dentalprescriptionsforaboutfifteen dental conditions commonly encounteredinpracticeeg.Acute necrotising ulcerative. gingivitis, acute herpetic gingivitis/stomatitis, acute gingival abscess,pericoronal abscess (impacted teeth), dental caries, aphthous ulcers, hypersensitive dentine,dentoalveolar abscess, xerostomia, acute toothache,postoperativepain,postextractionpainwithswelling,oralcandidiasis,scurvyetc.

2

g) SCHEMEOFEXAMINATION DistributionofTopicsandTypeofQuestionsforUniversityWrittenexamination:

ContentsTypesofQuestionsand

MarksMarks

QuestionsfromPharmacokinetics,pharmacodynamics,antibiotics,NSAID’s,LocalAnaesthetics,Anticoagulants,Betablockers,Glucocorticoids,CalciumChannelblockers,ACEinhibitors,Opioidanalgesics,Sympathomimetics,Anti‐Cholinergics,CardiacGlycosides,DentalPharmacology.

LongEssays2x10marks

20

QuestionsshouldPreferablybesetfromallotherchaptersexcludingtheonefromwhichaLongEssayQuestionhasbeenset


Short Answers10x3marks 30

Total 100

iii. Theory UniversityWritten 100MarksInternalAssessment 25MarksVivaVoce: 25Marks

iv. Practicals:UniversityPracticalExamination: 80Marks

Spotters10x1Mark 10MarksPrescriptions(1Medical&1Dental)2x10Marks 20MarksPreparations(1Medical&1Dental)2x20Marks 40MarksPracticalWorkRecord 10Marks

InternalAssessment: 20Marks

GrandTotal250Marks

of 125

9. PRECLINICALCONSERVATIVEDENTISTRYa) LABORATORYEXERCISES

Sl.No. Practicalexercise Hours

1 Identificationandstudyofhandcuttinginstrumentschisels,gingivalmargintrimmers,excavatorsandhatchet.

3

2 Identificationanduseofrotarycuttinginstrumentsincontraanglehandpiecesburs(Micromotor) 2

3 Preparation of class I and extended class I and class II andMOD's and class V amounting to 10exercisesinplastermodels

30

4

Exercises on phantom head models(Typhodonts) which includes tooth preparation, base andvarnishapplication,matrixandwedgeplacementfollowedbyamalgamrestoration

95

ClassI 5ClassIwithextension 2ClassII 10ClassIIMODS 2ClassVandIIIforglassionomer 4ClassVforamalgam 2

5

10exercisesonmountedextractedteeth.Toothpreparation,baseapplication,matrixandwedgeplacement,andrestorationwithamalgam.

20ClassI 2ClassIwithextension 2ClassII 4ClassV 2Polishingofaboverestorations

6

CastRestoration–Inlaypreparation:

20ClassI1ToprepareWaxpatternsClassII2+1MODTopreparewaxpatternsandonetobecastedClassV1(posterior)

7Managementofdeepcariesa.Pulpcapping:Direct/Indirectonextractedteeth

30

8 b.Pulpotomyonextractedposteriorteeth

9DemonstrationofLightcurecompositeandGlassIonomerRestorations.

10

Endodonticexercises.RootcanalaccesspreparationonUpperExtractedCentralincisor.DeterminationofworkinglengthDemonstrationofInstrumentationandObturationofrootcanalspace.Restorationofaccesspreparation

b) SCHEMEOFEXAMINATIONi. Practicals

University practical examination 60 University Viva Voce 20 Internal Assessment 20 Grand Total 100 Distribution of Marks for Preclinical Conservative Dentistry University Practical Examination(1) Tooth Preparation and Restoration 45 Marks (2) Spotters ( 10 x 1 Mark) 10 Marks (3) Preclinical Practical Work Record 05 Marks

Practical Exercise No. (1): 45 Marks Class II Conventional / Conservative preparation for Silver Amalgam restoration on Maxillary or Mandibular first or second Molar typhodont tooth.

Cavity preparation 45 Minutes 15 Marks Base and Matrix 15 Minutes 10 Marks Amalgam restoration and carving 30 Minutes 10 Marks

Practical Exercise No. (2): 10 Marks Spotters: Time: 02 minutes each Type of Spotters: Hand instruments used for tooth preparation and restoration Identification of Root Canal Instruments

of 125

10. PRECLINICALORTHODONTICSa) SCHEMEOFSTUDY

Theundergraduatestudyoforthodonticsspansoversecondyear,thirdyearandfourthyear.Insecondyeartheemphasisisgivenforbasicandpreclinicalwirebendingexercisesandappliancefabrication.

b) ANOUTLINEOFTHECOURSECONTENT:Preclinical basic wire bending exercises enable the candidate to getaccustomedwiththeorthodonticwire,learnthebasicskillsofwirebending,learnhowtoconstructvariouscomponentsofremovableappliancesandtoacrylizevariousremovableappliances.

c) PRATICALTRAININGDURINGSECONDYEARB.DS

Sl.No. Topic Hours1 Basicwirebendingexercises

Straighteningofwire Equilateraltriangle Square Rectangle Circle U‐V

40

2 Preclinicalwirebendingexercises C–clasp Fullclasp Triangularclasp Adamsclasp Fingerspring Doublecantileverspring Tspring Coffinspring Shortlabialbow Longlabialbow Splitlabialbow Reverselabialbow Robertsretractor Uloopbuccalcanineretractor Helicalcanineretractor Selfsupportedcanineretractor Palatalcanineretractor

60

3 Appliancefabrication Hawleysappliance HawleysappliancewithABP HawleysappliancewithPBPandZspring Tongueguardappliance Oralscreen Catalan’sappliance Expansionappliance

60

Theory topics to be covered in second BDS should be adjusted with the practical classes

of 125

d) SCHEMEOFEXAMINATIONi. Practicals

University practical examination 60 University Viva Voce 20 Internal Assessment 20 Grand Total 100

Distribution of Marks for Preclinical Orthodontics University Practical Examination (1) Wire bending exercises 55 Marks (2) Preclinical Practical Work Record 05 Marks

Wire bending exercises and their mark distribution should be as follows: a) Labialbow 20Marks b) Clasp 20Marksc) Spring 15Marks

Note:Preclinicalvivashouldbelimitedto,Orthodonticmaterialscience(orthodonticwirealloys, impression materials, acrylic, Gypsum products), removable appliances, studymodels,solderingandwelding

11. PRECLINICALPROSTHODONTICSANDCROWN&BRIDGEa) LABORATORYEXERCISES:Total380Hours(Iyr.100,IIyr.200,IIIyr.80)

Sl.No. PracticalExercise Hours

Laboratorystepsrelatedtocompletedenture

150

1Impressionandmodelpreparation

2Preparationofspecialtraysinbaseplates–trimmedmargin,rolledmargin,reinforced.

3Specialtrayinselfcureresin

4Specialtrayinheatcureresin

5Preparationoftemporarybases

6Preparationofbiteblocks

7Mountingthemodel

8IdealTeethsetting(ClassI)inThreePointArticulator‐5Numbers

9FabricationofCompleteDentureinAcrylic‐1

10RepairoffracturedDenture

Laboratorystepsrelatedtopartialdenture

100

11FabricationofAcrylicPartialDenture–classI,classII,classIII,classIV(Kennedy)

12 Surveyingamodel

13 PreparationRPDwaxpatternoncasts(classI,classII,classIII&classIV)

MaxillofacialProsthesis

5014 PreparationofObturators

15 Preparationofocclusalsplint

of 125

16 Preparationofgunningsplint

FixedProsthodontics

8017 Preparationofindividualcrownsonlargesizedteeth–jacketcrown,anterior.Fullcrown,

posterior.Partialveneercrown–anterior.Partialveneercrown–posterior18 Preparationofindividualcrownsonphantomhead.Jacketcrown–centralincisor

AworkrecordshouldbemaintainedbyallstudentsandshouldbesubmittedatthetimeofexaminationafterduecertificationfromtheHeadoftheDepartment.ToappearforII BDSpreclinicalProsthodonticsexaminationitisMandatorythatLaboratoryexercisesfromNo.1toNo.11mentionedinthetableaboveiscompleted.

b) SCHEMEOFEXAMINATIONi. Practicals

University practical examination 60 University Viva Voce 20 Internal Assessment 20 Grand Total 100

Distribution of Marks for Preclinical Prosthodontics University Practical Examination

(1) ArrangementofteethinclassIrelation,Waxing,Carving,Polishing: 35Marks(2) DrawingtheDesignforaCastPartialDentureandmarkingitscomponents15Marks(3) PreclinicalPracticalWorkRecord 10Marks

Note:Preclinicalvivashouldbelimitedto,LaboratoryProceduresrelatedtoCompleteDentureFabrication,Articulators,Anatomical landmarks , ImpressionProcedures, Introduction to jawrelation recording, Selection & arrangement of teeth, Complete Denture Occlusion, Try inProceduresandComponentsofRPD&FPD.

12. GENERALMEDICINEa) GUIDELINES:

Specialemphasisshouldbegiventhroughoutontheimportanceofvariousdiseasesasapplicabletodentistry.i. Specialprecautions/contraindicationforanaesthesiainoraland

dentalproceduresindifferentsystemicdiseases.ii. Oralmanifestationsofsystemicdiseases.iii. Medicalemergenciesindentalpractice.

Adentalstudentshouldbetaughtinsuchamannerthathe/sheisabletorecordthearterialpulse,bloodpressureandbecapableofsuspectingbysightandsuperficialexaminationofthebody,diseasesoftheheart,lungs,kidneys,bloodetc.Heshouldbecapableofhandlingmedicalemergenciesencounteredindentalpractice.COLLATERALTOPICS(DesirabletoKnow)

b) THEORY:60HOURSCORETOPICS(MustKnow)

COLLATERALTOPICS(Desirabletoknow)

Hours

1.Aimsofmedicine,definitionsofdiagnosis,treatment&prognosis.Historytaking,Physicalexaminationofthepatient,diagnosisandmanagementofdisease

Geneticsanddisease,MedicalEthics 2

2.Infections:Entericfever,HIV,Herpessimplex,Herpeszoster,Syphilis,Diphtheria,Malaria,Actinomycosis,Viralhepatitis,Tuberculosis.

InfectiousmononucleosisMumps,Measles,Rubella,Leprosy,Organisationandfunctionsoftheimmunesystems

5

of 125

3.G.I.T:Stomatitis,Gingivalhyperplasia,Dysphagia,Acidpepticdisease,Jaundice,Acuteandchronichepatitis,Cirrhosisofliver,Ascitis,Amoebiasis,Tenderhepatomegaly,Hepatotoxicdrugs,Portalhypertension.

DiarrhoeaandDysenteryincludingMalabsorbtionsyndromes,Helicobacterpylori 5

4.CVS:AcuterheumaticfeverValvularheartdisease,Hypertension,Ischemicheartdisease(myocardialinfarction),Infectiveendocarditis,Commonarrhythmias,Classificationofcongenitalheartdisease,Congestivecardiacfailure

Heartfailure,Fallot’stetralogy,ASD,VSD

7

5.RespiratorySystem:Applied Anatomy and physiology of RS, Pneumonia, COPD,Pulmonary tuberculosis, Bronchial asthma, Pleural effusion,Acute respiratory tract infections, Pulmonary embolism ,Suppurativelungdiseases,Lungabscess

Pneumothorax,BronchiectasisLungCancer,Empyema,Sleepapnea,ARDS,Respiratoryfailure 6

6.HematologyHematopoiesis,Anaemias,Bleeding&Clottingdisorders,Acuteandchronicmyeloidleukemias,AgranulocytosisandNeutropenia,Thrombocytopenia,SplenomegalyLymphomas,Oralmanifestationsofhaematologicaldisorders,GeneralizedLymphadenopathy.

Principlesofbloodandbloodproductstransfusion,Thromboembolicdisease,Oncogenesis,Haemolyticanemia,DIC(DisseminatedIntravascularCoagulation)

7

7.RenalSystem:AcutenephritisandNephroticsyndrome,U.T.I

Renalfunctiontests,CRF5

8.Nutrition:Balanceddiet,PEM,Vitamindeficiencydisease,Calciumandphosphatemetabolism,Flurosis

Osteomalacia,Osteoporosis4

9. CNS: Facial palsy, Facial pain Trigeminal neuralgia,Epilepsy,Headacheincludingmigraine.

Meningitis(AcuteandChronic)Anticonvulsants,Examinationofcomatosepatient,Examinationofcranialnerves.

7

10.Endocrine:DiabetesmellitusAcromegaly,Hypothyroidism,Thyrotoxicosis,Calciummetabolismandparathyroids

Addison'sdisease,Cushing'ssyndrome,Parathyroiddiseaseandcalciummetabolism,Preoperativeassessmentofdiabeticpatients,Acuteadrenaldeficiency

6

11. Criticalcare:Syncope,Cardiacarrest,CardioPulmonaryResuscitation(CPR),Cardiogenicshock,Anaphylaxis,Allergy,Angio‐neuroticedema

AcuteLVF,ARDS,Coma 4

Miscellaneous:Adversedrugreactions,Druginteractions

Rheumatoiddisease,Osteoarthritis,Scleroderma

c) CLINICALTRAINING:90HOURS(postinginageneralhospital)

Thestudentmustbeabletotakehistory,dogeneralphysicalexamination(includingbuild,nourishment,pulse,BP,temperature,edema,respiration,clubbing,cyanosis,jaundice,lymphadenopathy,oralcavity)andbeabletoexamineCVS,RS,abdomenandfacialnerveandsignsofmeningealirritation.

d) SCHEMEOFEXAMINATIONDistribution of Topics and Types of Questions for University WrittenExamnination:

Contents TypesofQuestionsandDistributionofMarks

TotalMarks

QuestionsfromMustKnowtopicsonly Long Essays2x10marks 20

Questionsshouldpreferablybesetfromall other chapters excluding the onefrom which long essay questions havebeenset.



30

Total 100

i. Theory

of 125

UniversityWritten 100MarksInternalAssessment 25MarksVivaVoce: 25Marks

ii. Clinicals:UniversityClinicalExamination: 80MarksCaseHistory 15MarksClinicalExamination 30MarksInvestigation 10MarksDiagnosis&D.D 15MarksManagement 10Marks


GrandTotal250Marks

13. GENERALSURGERYa) AIMS:

To acquaint the studentwith various diseases,whichmay require surgicalexpertiseandtotrainthestudenttoanalyzethehistoryandbeabletodoathoroughphysicalexaminationofthepatient.Thediseasesasrelatedtoheadand neck region are to be given due importance, at the same time otherrelevantsurgicalproblemsarealsotobeaddressed.Attheendofoneyearofstudy the student should have a good theoretical knowledge of variousailments, and be practically trained to differentiate benign and malignantdiseasesandbeabletodecidewhichpatientrequiresfurtherevaluation.

b) OBJECTIVES:Skills to be developed by the end of teaching are to examine a routineswelling, ulcer and other related diseases and to perform minor surgicalproceduressuchasdraininganabscess,takingabiopsyetc.

c) THEORY:60HOURSSl.No. Topic Hours

1

HISTORYOFSURGERY:Thedevelopmentofsurgeryasaspecialtyovertheyears,willgivethestudentsanopportunity toknowthecontributionsmadebyvariousscientists, teachersandinvestigators.Itwillalsoenablethestudenttounderstandtherelationsofvariousspecialtiesinthepracticeofmodernsurgery.

1

2GENERALPRINCIPLESOFSURGERY:Introductiontovariousaspectsofsurgicalprinciplesasrelatedtoorodentaldiseases.Classificationofdiseasesingeneral.Thiswillhelpthestudenttounderstandthevariousdiseases,theirrelevancetoroutinedentalpractice.

2

3

PRINCIPLESOFOPERATIVESURGERY:Principlesasapplicabletominorsurgicalproceduresincluding detailed description of asepsis, antiseptics, sterilisation, principles of anaesthesiaand principles of tissue replacement. Knowledge of sutures, drains, diathermy, cryosurgeryanduseofLaserinsurgery.

1

4 WOUNDS: Their classification, wound healing, repair, treatment of wounds, skin grafting,medicolegalaspectsofaccidentalwoundsandcomplicationsofwounds.

3

5INFLAMMATION:Of soft andhard tissues. Causes of inflammation, varieties, treatment andsequelae.

1

6INFECTIONS:Acuteandchronicabscessskin infections, cellulitis, carbuncle,anderysepelas.Specific infections such as tetanus, gangrene, syphilis, gonorrhoea, tuberculosis,Actinomycosis,Vincentsangina,cancrumoris.Pyaemia,toxaemiaandsepticaemia.

5

7TRANSMISSABLE VIRAL INFECTIONS: HIV and Hepatitis B with special reference to theirpreventionandprecautionstobetakenintreatingpatientsinacarrierstate.

2

8SHOCK AND HAEMORRHAGE: Classification, causes, clinical features and management ofvarious typesof shock.Syncope,Circulatorycollapse.Haemorrhage ‐different types, causes, 5

of 125

clinical features and management. Blood groups, blood transfusion, precautions andcomplicationsofbloodandtheirproducts.Hemophilia's,theirtransmission,clinicalfeaturesandmanagementespeciallyinrelationtominordentalprocedures.

9TUMOURS, ULCERS, CYSTS, GANGRENE, SINUS, AND FISTULAE: Classification, clinicalexamination and treatment principles in various types of benign and malignant tumours,ulcers,cysts,gangrene,sinusandfistulae.

9

10DISEASES OF LYMPHATIC SYSTEM: Especially those occurring in head and neck region.Special emphasis on identifying diseases such as tubercular infection, lymphomas,leukaemias,metastaticlymphnodediseases.

1

11DISEASES OF THE ORAL CAVITY: Infective and malignant diseases of the oral cavity andoropharynx including salivary glands with special emphasis on preventive aspects ofpremalignantandmalignantdiseasesoftheoralcavity.

2

12NECKSWELLINGS–MidlineandLateralswellings,CysticandSolidswellings–Classification,Differentialdiagnosis,Treatment

1

13DISEASES OF LARYNX, NASOPHARYNX: Infections and tumours affecting these sites.Indications,procedureandcomplicationsoftracheostomy.

2

14

NERVOUSSYSTEM:Surgicalproblemsassociatedwithnervoussystemwithspecialreferencetotheprinciplesofperipheralnerveinjuries, theirregenerationandprinciplesoftreatment.DetaileddescriptionofafflictionsoffacialnerveAnditsmanagement.Trigeminalneuralgia,itspresentationandtreatment.

1

15FRACTURES: General principles of fractures, clinical presentation and treatment withadditional reference to newermethods of fracture treatment. Special emphasis on fracturehealingandrehabilitation.

1

16 HEADINJURYMANAGEMENT 117 MANAGEMENTOFSEVERELYINJUREDPATIENT‐RESUSCITATION 1

18DISEASESOFARTERIESANDVEINSINGENERAL–Varicoseveins,Atherosclerosis,Aneurysm,CarotidBodytumours

1

19ANOMALIESOFDEVELOPMENTOFFACE:Surgicalanatomyanddevelopmentofface.Cleftlipandcleftpalate—principlesofmanagement. 1

20DISEASESOFTHYROIDANDPARATHYROID:Surgicalanatomy,pathogenesis,clinicalfeaturesandmanagementofdysfunctionofthyroidandparathyroidglands.Malignantdiseasesofthethyroid—classification,clinicalfeaturesandmanagement.

2

21SWELLINGS OF THE JAW: Differential diagnosis and management of different types ofswellingsofthejaw,Osteomyelitisofmandible 2

22 BIOPSY:Differenttypesofbiopsiesroutinelyusedinsurgicalpractice. 123 BURNSANDSCALDS 1

Desirabletoknow:Introductiontooncology,radiotherapy,surgeryandgeneticengineeringE.N.T:Ear:Middleearinfection;Nose:Paranasalsinuses;Throat:Tonsilitis&PeritonsillarAbscess

d) CLINICALS:90HOURS(postinginageneralhospital)

e) SCHEMEOFEXAMINATIONDistribution of Topics and Types of Questions for University Writtenexamination:

ContentsTypesofQuestionsandDistributionofMarks

TotalMarks

Questionsmaybeaskedfromtopicsmentionedundertheorytopicsnumbered2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,14,15

LongEssays2x10marks 20

Questionsshouldpreferablybesetfromall other chapters excluding the onefrom which long essay questions havebeenset.



Total 100

i. Theory

of 125


ii. Clinicals:UniversityClinicalExamination: 80MarksLongCaseCaseHistory 15MarksClinicalExamination 30MarksSuggestedInvestigations 10MarksDiagnosis&D.D 15MarksManagement 10Marks


GrandTotal250Marks

14. ORALPATHOLOGY&ORALMICROBIOLOGYa) OBJECTIVES:

At the endofOral Pathology&Microbiology course, the student should beableto:i. Comprehendthedifferenttypesofpathologicalprocessesthatinvolvethe

Orofacialtissues.ii. Comprehend the manifestations of common diseases, their diagnosis &

correlationwithclinicalpathologicalprocesses.iii. Understand the oral manifestations of systemic diseases and correlate

withthesystemicphysicalsigns&laboratoryfindings.iv. Understandtheunderlyingbiologicalprinciplesgoverningtreatment

oforaldiseases.v. UnderstandtheprinciplesofcertainbasicaspectsofForensicOdontology.

b) SKILLS

TheFollowingskillsaretobedeveloped:i. Microscopic study of common lesions affecting oral tissues through

microscopicslides&projectionslidesii. Studyofthediseaseprocessbysurgicalspecimensiii. Study of teeth anomalies/polymorphisms through tooth specimens &

plastercasts.iv. Microscopicstudyofplaquepathogensv. Study of haematological preparations (blood films) of anaemias &

leukemiasvi. Basic exercises in Forensic Odontology such as histological methods of

ageestimationandappearanceofteethininjuries

c) THEORY:145Hours(IIyr.25hrs.IIIyr.120hrs.)Sl.No:

TopicsforIIyear Description Hours

1Introduction

Scope and Outline of Oral Pathology, Broad divisions, Interrelationshipwithmedicalspecialities

1

2

Developmentaldisturbancesoforal&paraoralstructures

a)DevelopmentaldisturbancesofJaws‐Agnathia,Micrognathia,Macrognathia,FacialHemihypertrophy,FacialHemiatropyb)DevelopmentalDisturbancesoflipsandpalate‐CongenitalLippitsandCommissuralpitsandfistulas‐Doublelip,Cleftlip,cleftPalate,ChelitisGlandularis,Chelitis

of 125

Granulomatosa,HereditaryIntestinalPolyposis,HereditaryMelanotidMaculec)DevelopmentaldisturbancesofOralMucosa‐Fordyce'sGranules‐FocalepithelialHyperplasiad)Developmentaldisturbancesofgingiva‐FibromatosisGingiva,RetrocuspidPapillae)DevelopmentalDisturbancesofTongue‐Macroglossia,Microglossia,Ankyloglossia,CleftTongue,FissuredTongue,MedianRhomboidGlossitis,BenignMigratoryGlossitis,HairyTongue.f)Developmentdisturbancesoforallymphoidtissue:‐Reactivelymphoidaggregates‐Lymphoidhamartoma‐AngiolymphoidHyperplasia‐Lympho‐epithelialcystg)Developmentaldisturbancesofsalivaryglands:‐Aplasia,Xerostomia,Hyperplasiaofthepalatalglands,Atresia,Abberrancy,Stafine'scysth)Developmentaldisturbancesinsizeofteeth:‐Microdontia,Macrodontiai)Developmentaldisturbancesintheshapeoftheteeth:79‐Fusion,Germination,Concrescence,Dilacerations,Talon'sCusp,DensinDente,DensEvaginatus,Taurodontism,SupernumeraryRoots,Enamelomaj)DevelopmentalDisturbancesinnumberofteeth‐Anodontia,Supernumeraryteeth,PredecidiousandPostPermanentdentitionk)DevelopmentalDisturbancesinStructureofTeeth:‐AmelogenesisImperfecta,EnamelHypoplasia,DentinogenesisImperfecta,Dentinaldysplasia,RegionalOdontodysplasia,ShellTeeth.l)DevelopmentalDisturbancesineruptionofteeth:‐PrematureEruptions,EruptionSequestrum,DelayedEruption,MultipleUneruptedteeth,SubmergedTeeth.m)Developmental/FissuralcystsoftheOralcavity‐Medianpalatalcyst,Globulomaxillarycyst,MedianMandibularcyst,Naso‐alveolarcyst,Palatalcystofneonates,Thyroglossalductcyst,Epidermoid,andDermoidcyst,Nasopalatinecyst.

14

3 DentalcariesTheories,Clinicalfeatures,Classification,Histopathology,MicrobiologyofDentalcaries,Immunology,Cariesactivitytests,Factorsinfluencingcaries 4

4DiseasesofthePulp&Periapical

tissues

a)DiseasesoftheDentalPulp‐Pulpitis,FocalReversiblePulpitis,ChronicPulpitis,PulpPolyp.b)DiseasesofthePeriapicalTissues‐PeriapicalGranuloma,PeriapicalAbscess,PeriapicalCystc)Osteomyelitis‐AcuteSuppurativeOsteomyelitis,ChronicFocalandDiffuseSclerosingOsteomyelitis,Garre'sOstemyelitisSequelaeofperiapicalabscess‐summaryofspaceinfections,systemiccomplications&significanceCellulitis,Ludwig’sangina,Intracranialcomplicationofdentalinfection,Maxillarysinusitis,Focalinfectionandfociofinfection

6

TopicsforIIIYear Description

1

Benignandmalignanttumours

ofOralcavity

ClassificationofOdontogenic,Non‐Odontogenic&SalivaryGlandTumours.Etiopathogenesis,clinicalfeatures,histopathology,radiologicalfeatures&laboratorydiagnosis(asappropriate)ofthefollowingcommontumours:‐1.Odontogenictumours‐ClassificationBenigna.Odontogenicepitheliumwithoutodontogenicectomesenchyme‐Ameloblastoma,CalcifyingEpithelialOdontogenicTumour,AdenomatoidOdontogenicTumour,SquamousOdontogenictumourb.OdontogenicepitheliumwithOdontogenicectomesenchyme‐Ameloblasticfibroma,Ameloblasticfibro

1

9

of 125

odontoma,Odontoma,DentinogenicGhostcellTumourc.Odontogenicectomesenchymewithorwithoutincludedodontogenicepithelium‐PeripheralandCentralodontogenicfibroma,OdontogenicMyxoma,BenigncementoblastomaMalignanta.Odontogeniccarcinomas:Metastasizingameloblastoma,Ameloblasticcarcinoma2.Non‐odontogenica.Benigntumoursofepithelialtissueorigin‐Papilloma,Keratoacanthoma,Nevusb.Premalignantlesionsandconditions‐Definition,Classification‐Epithelialdysplasia‐Leukoplakia,Carcinomainsitu,Erythroplakia,,Oralsubmucousfibrosisc.Malignanttumoursofepithelialtissueorigin‐Basalcellcarcinoma,Epidermoidcarcinoma(Epidemiology,etiology,clinical&histologicalfeatures,GradingandTNMstaging),Verrucouscarcinoma,Malignantmelanoma,Recentadvancesindiagnosis,managementandpreventionofOralcancerd.BenigntmoursofConnectivetissueorigin‐Fibroma,Giantcellfibroma,PeripheralandCentralossifyingfibroma,Lipoma,Haemangioma(differenttypes),Lymphangioma,Chondroma,Osteoma,Osteoidosteoma,Benignosteoblastoma,ToriandMultipleexostosese.TumourlikelesionsofConnectivetissueorigin‐‐,Peripheralossifyingfibromaf.MalignanttumoursofConnectivetissueorigin‐Fibrosarcoma,Chondrosarcoma,Kaposi’ssarcoma,Ewing’ssarcoma,Osteosarcoma,Hodgkin’sandNonHodgkin’slymphoma,Burkitt’slymphoma,Multiplemyeloma,SolitaryPlasmacellmyelomag.BenigntumoursofMuscletissueorigin‐Leiomyoma,Rhabdomyoma,CongenitalEpulisofnewborn,Granularcelltumourh.BenignandMalignanttumoursofNervetissueorigin‐NeurofibromaandNeurofibromatosis,Schwannoma,,Melanoticneuroectodermaltumourofinfancy,MalignantSchwannoma.i.MetastatictumoursofJawsandSofttissuesofOralcavity3. SalivaryGlandBenignneoplasms‐PleomorphicAdenoma,Warthin'stumour,&Oncocytoma.Malignantneoplasms–MalignantPleomorphicadenomaAdenoidCysticCarcinoma,MucoepidermoidCarcinoma,AcinicCellCarcinoma&Adenocarcinomas.

308

2 CystsoftheOral&Paraoralregion

Classification,etiopathogenesis,clinicalfeatures,histopathology,laboratory&radiologicalfeatures(asappropriate)ofOdontogeniccysts‐Odontogenickeratocyst,Dentigerouscyst,Primordialcyst,Dentallaminacystofnewborn,Gingivalcystofadults,Lateralperiodontalcyst,Calcifyingodontogeniccyst,RadicularcystNon‐Odontogeniccysts‐Pseudocystsofjaws,Aneurysmalbonecyst,Traumaticbonecyst&softtissuecystsoforal&paraoralregion.

8

3.NonneoplasticSalivaryGlandDiseases:

Sialolithiasis, Sialosis,Sialadenitis,Xerostomia&Ptyalism. Sjogren’ssyndrome,Benignlymphoepitheliallesion,,Necrotizingsialometaplasia 2

4.

Traumatic,Reactive&

RegressivelesionsofOralCavity:

Pyogenicgranuloma,Peripheral&CentralGiantcellgranuloma,exostosesFibrousHyperplasia,TraumaticUlcer&TraumaticNeuroma.Attrition,Abrasion,AbfractionErosion,Bruxism,Hypercementosis,Dentinalchanges,Pulpcalcifications&Resorptionofteeth.Radiationeffectsoforalcavity,Allergicreactionsoftheoralcavity.‐Angioedema,Stomatitismedicamentosa,Stomatitisvenenata

5

5.Microbial

infectionsoforalsofttissues:

Microbiology,defencemechanismsincludingimmunologicalaspects,oralmanifestations,histopathogyandlaboratorydiagnosisofcommonbacterial,viral&fungalinfectionsnamely:‐Bacterial:Scarletfever,Diphtheria,Tuberculosis,Syphilis,Actinomycoses&itscomplications‐CancrumOris,Tetanus,Noma.Viral:HerpesSimplex,Varicellazoster,Measles,Mumps&HIVinfection

10

of 125

andOralmanifestationofAIDS.Fungal:Candidiasis,HistoplasmosisImmunologicaldiseases:ReccurentAphthousstomatitis,Bechet’ssyndrome,Reiter’ssyndrome,Sarcoidosis.

6.

Commonnon‐inflammatory

diseasesinvolvingthejaws

Etiopathogenesis,clinicalfeatures,radiological&laboratoryvaluesindiagnosisof:Fibrousdysplasia,Cherubism,OsteogenesisImperfecta,Paget'sbonedisease,Cleidocranialdysplasia,Rickets,Achondroplasia,Marfan'ssyndrome,Down'ssyndromeandHistiocytosisXdisease.

6

7.

Biopsy,CytologyandHealingofOral

wounds

Factorsaffectinghealingofwounds‐healingofextractionwoundandDrysocketBiopsy‐techniques,Healingofbiopsywound‐Exfoliativecytology‐Indications,StainingandInterpretation

4

8.SystemicDiseasesinvolvingOral

cavity

Briefreview&oralmanifestations,diagnosis&significanceofcommonBlood,Nutritional,Hormonal&MetabolicdiseasesofOralcavity.a.Blooddyscrasias‐Clinico‐pathologicalaspectsandoralmanifestationsofAnemias,Polycythemia,Leukopenia,Neutropenia,Agranulocytosis,Chediak‐Higashisyndrome,Leukocytosis,Infectiousmononucleosis,Leukemias,PurpuraHaemophiliab.OralaspectsofDisturbancesinmineralmetabolismc.OralaspectsofAvitaminosisandHypervitaminosesd.OralAspectsofEndocrinedysfunction

45

9.Mucocutaneous

Iesions:

Etiopathogenesis,clinicalfeatures&histopathologyofthefollowingcommonlesions.LichenPlanus,LupusErythematosus,Pemphigus&Pemphigoidlesions,ErythemaMultiforme,Psoriasis,Scleroderma,EctodermalDysplasia,Epidermolysisbullosa&Whitespongenevus.

10

10.PeriodontalDiseases:

Stains,Calculus,DentalplaqueEtiopathogenesis,microbiology,clinicalfeatures,histopathology&radiologicalfeatures(asappropriate)ofgingivitis,gingivalenlargements,ANUG,,chronicdesquamativegingivitisperiodontitisandjuvenileperiodontitis.Basicimmunologicalmechanismsofperiodontaldiseasetobehighlighted.

4

11.DiseasesofTM

Joint

Ankylosis,luxationandsubluxation,summaryofdifferenttypesofarthritis&otherdevelopmentalmalformations,traumaticinjuries&myofascialpaindysfunctionsyndrome.

2

12.

DiseasesoftheNerves:

Facial neuralgias – Trigeminal ,Sphenopalatine & Glossopharyngealneuralgias,VIInerveparalysis,CausalgiaPsychogenicfacialpain&Burningmouthsyndrome.

2

13.

PigmentationofOraltissues

PigmentationofOral&Paraoralregion&Discolourationofteeth:Causes&clinicalmanifestations. 2

14.

DiseasesofMaxillarySinus

Traumaticinjuriestosinus,Sinusitis,Cysts&Tumoursinvolvingantrum 2

15.

PrinciplesofBasicForensic

Odontology

Introduction,definition,aims&scope.Sexandethnic(racial)differencesintoothmorphologyandhistological ageestimationDeterminationofsex&bloodgroupsfrombuccalmucosa/saliva.DentalDNAmethodsBitemarks,rugaepatterns&l ip printsDentalimportanceofpoisonsandcorrosivesOverviewofforensicmedicineandtoxicology

6

d) LABORATORY/PRACTICALREQUIREMENTS

Studentshavetomaintainrecordsoflaboratoryprocedures/workdone/reportofpractical:i. OralPathologyandMicrobiology

Identificationofthepathologicfeaturesof: Microdontictooth Macrodontictooth Gaeminationoftooth Fusedteeth Concrescenceoftooth

of 125

Dilaceration Densindente Densevaginatus Supernumeraryroot Hypoplasticenamel Fluorosis Abrasion Attrition Fracturetooth Stainedtooth Hypercementosis

HistopathologicExaminationofthefollowinggrossspecimens:

Papilloma Fibroma Torus Carcinomaoforalstructures SalivaryGlandTumours Ameloblastoma PeriapicalGranuloma DentigerousCyst PulpPolyp

MicrobiologicExaminationof:

Tuberculosis Actinomycosis Syphilis Candidiasis

Histopathologicreviewof:

AmelogenesisImperfecta DentinogenesisImperfecta PeripheralGiantCellGranuloma Leukoplakia Carcinomainsitu OralSubmucousFibrosis CarcinomaofOralMucosa PleomorphicAdenoma MalignantPleomorphicAdenoma DentigerousCyst OdontogenicKeratocyst Ameloblastoma GingivalHyperplasia ANG LichenPlanus Pemphigus DentalCaries

HaematologyProcedures: Preparationofperipheralsmear

of 125

DeterminationofTC,DC,ESR,Hb,BleedingTime,ClottingTime,BloodPicture.

Urochemistry

Analysisforjaundice,DiabetesMellitus.Urinedeposits.PreparationoforalswabforMicrobiology.

ii. ForensicPathologyReportofPost‐mortemexamination–threecasestobeseenandpreparecertificates.Agedeterminationfromskull.

Gustafson’smethodofagedetermination- usingincisors- basedonPillaiandBhaskar’sFormula

Medico‐legalimportanceofage–dentalexaminationsubject/model.Identificationofspecimens–medico‐legalimportance–injuryspecimensabrasion–contusion–laceratedwound–incisedwound–fracture.hair–animalandhumanblood–animalandhuman.Barrbodies.

e) SCHEMEOFEXAMINATIONDistribution of Topics and Types of Questions for University WrittenExamination:


TotalMarks

BothquestionsfromOralpathologyonly

Long Essays2x10marks

20

A.OralPathology‐sevenquestionsB.OralMicrobiology‐twoquestionsC.ForensicOdontology‐onequestion


A.OralPathology‐eightquestionsB.OralMicrobiology‐onequestionC.ForensicOdontology‐onequestion


Total 100

i. Theory


ii. Clinicals:UniversityClinicalExamination: 80MarksSpotters(Specimen‐identification&pointsinsupport‐10x2Marks)20MarksHistopathologyslides(Diagram,Labellingandsalientfeatures) 40MarksForensicOdontology(Estimationofagefromgroundsections) 10Marks ClinicalWorkRecord&Seminar 10Marks

InternalAssessment: 20Marks GrandTotal250Marks

15 PERIODONTOLOGYa) OBJECTIVES:

of 125

Thestudentshallacquiretheskillto:‐i. Performdentalscalingdiagnostictestsofperiodontaldiseasesii. Touse the instruments forperiodontal therapy andmaintenanceof the

same.Thestudentshalldevelopattitudeto:‐i. Impart the preventive measures namely, the prevention of periodontal

diseasesandpreventionoftheprogressofthediseaseii. Performthetreatmentwithfullasepticprecautionsiii. Shalldevelopanattitudetopreventiatrogenicdiseasesiv. To conserve the tooth to the maximum possible time by maintaining

periodontalhealthv. Toreferthepatientswhorequirespecialist'scare.

b) THEORY:80HOURS(IIIyr.30hrs,IVyr.50hrs)

Topic Hours1. Introduction,DefinitionofPeriodontology,Periodontics,Periodontia,Briefhistorical

background,ScopeofPeriodontics1

2. Developmentofperiodontaltissues,Micro‐structuralanatomyandbiologyofperiodontaltissuesindetailGingiva.Junctionalepitheliumindetail,Epithelial‐Mesenchymalinteraction,periodontalligament,Cementum,Alveolarbone

1

3. Defensivemechanismsintheoralcavity:RoleofEpithelium,Gingivalfluid,Salivaandotherdefensivemechanismsintheoralenvironment

1

4. AgechangesinteethandperiodontalstructuresandtheirassociationwithperiodontaldiseasesandtheirsignificanceinGeriatricdentistry 1

5. Classificationofperiodontaldiseases:needforclassification,Scientificbasisofclassification,ClassificationofgingivalandperiodontaldiseasesasdescribedinWorldWorkshopl989

1

6. Gingivitis:Plaqueassociated,ANUG,steroidhormoneinfluenced,Medicationinfluenced,Desquamativegingivitis,otherformsofgingivitisasinnutritionaldeficiency,bacterialandviralinfectionsetc.

1

7. Periodontitis:AdultPeriodontitis,rapidlyprogressivePeriodontitisA&B,JuvenilePeriodontitis(localized,generalized,andpost‐juvenile),PrepubertalPeriodontitis,RefractoryPeriodontitis

1

8. Gingivaldiseases:Localizedandgeneralizedgingivitis,Papillary,marginalanddiffusegingivitisaetiology,pathogenesis,clinicalsigns,symptomsandmanagementof

7

a) Plaqueassociatedgingivitisb) Systemicallyaggravatedgingivitis(sexhormones,drugsandsystemicdiseases)c) ANUGd) Desquamativegingivitis‐GingivitisassociatedwithLichenPlanus,Pemphigoid,

Pemphigus,andotherVesiculobullouslesionse) Allergicgingivitisf) Infectivegingivitis‐Herpetic,BacterialandCandidialg) Pericoronitish) Gingivalenlargement(classificationanddifferentialdiagnosis)

9. EpidemiologyofperiodontaldiseasesDefinitionofindex,incidence,prevalence,epidemiology,endemic,epidemic,andpandemicClassificationofindices(Irreversibleandreversible),deficienciesofearlierindicesusedinPeriodontics,DetailedunderstandingofSilness&LoePlaqueIndex,Loe&SilnessGingivalIndex,CPITN&CPL,PrevalenceofperiodontaldiseasesinIndiaandothercountries.Publichealthsignificance(Allthesetopicsarecoveredatlengthundercommunitydentistry.Hence,thetopicsmaybediscussedbriefly.However,questionsmaybeaskedfromthetopicsforexamination.)

3

10. ExtensionofinflammationfromGingiva,mechanismofspreadofinflammationfromgingivalareatodeeperperiodontalstructures,Factorsthatmodifythespread

1

11. Pocket,Definition,signsandsymptoms,classification,pathogenesis,histopathology,rootsurfacechangesandcontentsofthepocket

1

12. Etiology

5

a) DentalPlaque(Biofilm),Definition,NewconceptofBiofilm,Types,composition,bacterialcolonization,growth,maturation&disclosingagents,Roleofdentalplaqueinperiodontaldiseases,Plaquemicroorganismsindetailandbacteriaassociatedwithperiodontaldiseases,Plaqueretentivefactors,Materiaalba,Fooddebris

b) Calculus,Definition,Types,composition,attachment,theoriesofformation,Roleof

of 125

calculusindiseasec) FoodImpaction,DefinitionTypes,Etiology,Hirschfield’sclassification,Signs,

symptoms&sequelaeoftreatmentd) Traumafromocclusion,Definition,Types,Histopathologicalchanges,Rolein

periodontaldisease,Measuresofmanagementinbriefe) Habits,Theirperiodontalsignificance,Bruxism&Parafunctionalhabits,tongue

thrusting,lipbiting,occupationalhabitsf) Iatrogenicfactors,

4

(i) ConservativeDentistry:‐Restorations,Contactpoint,marginalridge,surfaceroughness,overhangingrestorations,interfacebetweenrestorationandteeth

(ii) Prosthodontics,Interrelationship,Bridgesandotherprosthesis,Pontics(types),surfacecontour,relationshipsofmarginstotheperiodontium,Gingivalprotectiontheory,muscleactiontheory&theoryofaccesstooralhygiene.

(iii) Orthodontics,Interrelationship,removableappliances&fixedappliances,Retentionofplaque,bacterialchanges

g) Systemicdiseases,Diabetes,Sexhormones,nutrition(Vit.C&proteins),AIDS&periodontium,Hemorrhagicdiseases,Leukemia,clottingfactordisorders,PMN1disorder

1

13. Riskfactors,Definition,Riskfactorsforperiodontaldiseases 114. Hostresponse:Mechanismofinitiationandprogressionofperiodontaldiseases,Basic

conceptsaboutcells,Mastcells,neutrophils,macrophages,lymphocytes,immunoglobulins,complementsystem,immunemechanisms&cytokinesinbrief,Stagesingingivitis‐Initial,early,established&advanced,Periodontaldiseaseactivity,continuousparadigm,randomburst&asynchronousmultiplebursthypothesis

2

15. Periodontitis:

5

a) Etiology,histopathology,clinicalsigns&symptoms,diagnosisandtreatmentofadultPeriodontitis

b) Periodontalabscess;definition,classification,pathogenesis,differentialdiagnosisandtreatment

c) Furcationinvolvement,Glickman’sclassification,prognosisandmanagementd) RapidlyprogressivePeriodontitisJuvenilePeriodontitis:Localizedandgeneralized

PostjuvenilePeriodontitise) Periodontitisassociatedwithsystemicdiseases,RefractoryPeriodontitis

16. Diagnosis:

3a) Routineprocedures,methodsofprobing,2typesofprobes,(Accordingtocase

history)b) Halitosis:Etiologyandtreatment.Mentionadvanceddiagnosticaidsandtheirrolein

brief.17. Prognosis,Definition,types,purposeandfactorstobetakenintoconsideration 118. TreatmentplanFactorstobeconsidered 119. Periodontaltherapy

5

a) Generalprinciplesofperiodontaltherapy.PhaseI,II,III,IVtherapy.b) Definitionofperiodontalregeneration,repair,newattachmentandreattachmentc) Plaquecontrol

(i) mechanical:toothbrushes,Interdentalcleaningaids,dentifrices(ii) Chemical:classificationandmechanismofactionofeach&pocket

irrigation20. Pocketeradicationprocedures

5

a) Scalingandrootplanning:Indications,Aims&objectives,Healingfollowingrootplanning,Handinstruments,sonic,ultrasonic&Piezo‐electricScalers

b) Curettage:DefinitionIndicationspresentconceptsAims&objectives,Procedures&healingresponse

c) Flapsurgery:Definition,Typesofflaps,Designofflaps,papillapreservationIndications&contraindications,Armamentarium,Surgicalprocedure&healingresponse

21. OsseousSurgery:

6

a) Osseousdefectsinperiodontaldisease,Definition,Classificationb) Surgery:resective,additiveosseoussurgery(osseousgraftswithclassificationof

grafts)c) Healingresponsesd) Otherregenerativeprocedures;rootconditioninge) Guidedtissueregeneration

of 125

22. Mucogingivalsurgery&periodontalplasticsurgery:

5

a) Definition,Mucogingivalproblems:etiology,b) classificationofgingivalrecession(P.D.MillerJr.andSullivanandAtkins),Indications,

objectivesc) Gingivalextensionprocedures:LateralPedicleGraft,Frenectomy,Frenotomyd) Crownlengtheningprocedurese) Periodontalmicrosurgeryinbrief

23. Splints:Periodontalsplints,Purpose&classification,Principlesofsplinting 124. Hypersensitivity,Cause,theories&Management 125. Implants:Definition,types,scope&biomaterialsused,Periodontalconsiderations:suchas

Implant‐boneinterface,Implant‐Gingivainterface,Implantfailure,Peri‐implantitis&management

1

26. Maintenancephase(SPT):

4

a) Causes,Theories&managementb) Aims,objectives,andprinciplesc) Importanced) Procedurese) Maintenanceofimplants

27. Pharmacotherapy:

4a) Periodontaldressingsb) Antibiotics&anti‐inflammatorydrugsc) Localdrugdeliverysystems

28. Periodontalmanagementofmedicallycompromisedpatients:Topicsconcerningperiodontalmanagementofmedicallycompromisedpatients 2

29. Inter‐disciplinarycare:Pulpo‐Periodontalinvolvement,Routesofspreadofinfection,Simonsclassification,Management

1

30. Systemiceffectsofperiodontaldiseasesinbrief:Cardiovasculardiseases,Lowbirthweightbabiesetc.

1

31. Infectioncontrolprotocol:Sterilizationandvariousasepticprocedures 132. Ethics. 1

c) TUTORIALSDURINGCLINICALPOSTING:

i. Infectioncontrolii. Periodontalinstrumentsiii. Chairpositionandprinciplesofinstrumentationiv. Maintenanceofinstruments(sharpening)v. Ultrasonic,Piezoelectricandsonicscaling‐demonstrationoftechniquevi. Diagnosisofperiodontaldiseaseanddeterminationofprognosisvii. Radiographicinterpretationandlabinvestigationsviii. Motivationofpatients‐oralhygieneinstructionsix. Studentsshouldbeabletorecordadetailedperiodontalcasehistory,

determinediagnosis,prognosisandplantreatment.x. Studentshouldperformscaling,rootplaininglocaldrugdeliveryandSPT.xi. Shallbegivendemonstrationofallperiodontalsurgicalprocedures.

d) DEMONSTRATIONS:i. Historytakingandclinicalexaminationofthepatientsii. Recordingdifferentindicesiii. Methodsofusingvariousscalingandsurgicalinstrumentsiv. Polishingtheteethv. Bacterialsmeartakingvi. Demonstrationtopatientsaboutdifferentoralhygieneaidsvii. Surgicalprocedures‐gingivectomy,gingivoplasty,andflapoperationsviii. Followupprocedures,postoperativecareandsupervision

e) MINIMUM CLINICAL REQUIREMENTS MANDATORY TO APPEAR FORUNIVERSITYEXAMINATION:

of 125

i. Diagnosis,treatmentplanning,anddiscussionandtotalperiodontaltreatment‐25cases

ii. Dentalscaling,oralhygieneinstructions–50completecases/equivalentiii. SubgingivalScalingandRootPlaining‐15casesiv. Assistanceinperiodontalsurgery‐5casesv. Aworkrecordshouldbemaintainedbyallthestudentsandshould

besubmittedatthetimeofexaminationafterduecertificationfromtheheadofthedepartment.

vi. Studentsshouldhavetocompletetheworkprescribedbytheconcerneddepartmentfromtimetotimeandsubmitacertifiedrecordforevaluation.

f) SCHEMEOFEXAMINATIONDistribution of Topics and Types of Questions for University WrittenExamination:


TotalMarks

QuestionsfromanyofthePeriodontologyTopics

Long Essays2x10marks 20

Short Essays10x5marks

50


Total 100

iii. Theory


iv. Clinicals:UniversityClinicalExamination: 80MarksCaseHistory,ClinicalExamination,Diagnosis&TreatmentPlanning 30MarksOralprophylaxis 30Marks ClinicalWorkRecord&Seminar 20Marks


GrandTotal250Marks

16. PEADIATRIC&PREVENTIVEDENTISTRYa) THEORY:65HOURS(IIIyr.20hrs.IVyr.45hrs.)

TheorytopicsforIIIYearSl.No. Topic Hours

IntroductiontoPediatricandPreventiveDentistryDefinition,Scope,ObjectivesandImportance 1

1.

DentalAnatomyandHistology♦ ChronologyofEruptionofteeth♦ Differencesbetweenprimaryandpermanentteeth♦ Eruptiondisordersandtheirmanagementincludingteething,ectopiceruption,ankylosisetc.

♦ Importanceoffirstpermanentmolar

1

2.

GrowthandDevelopment(willbecoveredbyDepartmentofOrthodonticsalso)♦ ImportanceofstudyofgrowthanddevelopmentinPedodontics♦ Prenatalandpostnatalfactorsingrowthanddevelopment♦ Theoriesofgrowthanddevelopment

2

of 125

♦ Methodstomeasuregrowth♦ Developmentofmaxillaandmandibleandagerelatedchanges

3.

Developmentofocclusionfrombirthtoadolescence♦ Mouthofneonate,gumpads♦ PrimaryDentitionperiod♦ Mixeddentitionperiod♦ Establishmentofocclusion♦ Studyofvariationandabnormalities

2

4. Casehistoryrecording♦ Principlesofhistorytaking,examination,investigations,♦ diagnosisandtreatmentplanning

1

5.

ChildPsychology♦ Definition♦ ImportanceofunderstandingChildPsychologyinPedodontics♦ Theories♦ Psychologicaldevelopmentfrombirththroughadolescence♦ Dentalfear,anxietyandtheirmanagement,typesofcry♦ ApplicationofPsychologyprinciplesinmanagementofchild♦ patientsinthedentaloffice♦ Psychologicaldisordersincludinganorexia,bulimia♦ Childabuseandneglect

4

6.

Behaviourmanagement♦ Definition♦ Classificationandtypesofbehaviour♦ Factorsinfluencingchildbehaviour♦ Non‐Pharmacologicmanagementofbehaviour♦ Pharmacologicmanagementofbehaviour‐♦ Conscioussedationincludingnitrousoxide‐oxygeninhalationalanaesthesia♦ PharmacologicalprinciplesinPediatricDentistry‐drugdosageformulae♦ Analgesics,anti‐inflammatoryandantibioticscommonlyprescribedforchildren

5

7.

DentalCaries♦ Diagnosticproceduresandcariesdetection♦ Cariespatterninprimary,youngpermanentandpermanentteeth♦ EarlychildhoodCaries,rampantcaries‐definition,classification,etiology,pathogenesis,clinicalfeatures,complicationsandmanagement

♦ Roleofdietandnutritionindentalcariesandsugarsubstitutes♦ Dietcounsellinganddietmodifications♦ Cariesactivitytests,cariesprediction,susceptibilityandtheirclinicalapplication

3

8. DentalRadiologyasrelatedtoPedodontics 1 TheorytopicsforIVthYear 1. Dentalmaterialsusedcommonlyinchildrenandadolescents(Outlinerevision) 1

2.

PediatricOperativeDentistry♦ PrinciplesofOperativeDentistry♦ Isolation‐Importanceandtechniques♦ YoungPermanentTeethandclinicalconsiderations♦ Modificationsincavitypreparationandrecentcavitydesignsforprimaryandyoungpermanentteeth

♦ Atraumatic/AlternativeRestorativeTechnique(ART)♦ Othermethodsofcariesremoval♦ Restorationofcariousteeth(Primary,youngpermanentandpermanentteeth)usingvariousrestorativematerialslikeglassionomers,composites,silveramalgam

♦ Preformedcrowns:Stainlesssteel,polycarbonateandstripcrowns

5

3.

GingivalandPeriodontaldiseasesinchildren♦ Normalgingivalandperiodontiuminchildren♦ Definition,classification♦ Etiology,Pathogenesisandmanagementofgingivalandperiodontalconditionseeninchildrenandadolescents

2

4.

Flourides♦ Historicalbackground♦ Systemicfluorides:Availability,agents,concentrations,advantagesanddisadvantages♦ Topicalfluorides:agents,composition,methodofapplicationbothforprofessionalandhomeuse,advantagesanddisadvantages

♦ Mechanismofactionanditsanticariogeniceffect♦ Fluoridetoxicityanditsmanagement♦ Defluoridationtechniques

4

of 125

5.

PediatricEndodontics♦ Principlesanddiagnosis♦ Classificationofpulppathology♦ Managementofpulpalyinvolvedprimary,youngpermanentandpermanentteethincludingmaterialsusedandtechniquesfollowed:

♦ Pulpcapping♦ Pulpotomy♦ Pulpectomy♦ Apexogenesis♦ Apexification

4

6.

Traumaticinjuriestoteeth♦ Definition,classification♦ Etiologyandincidence♦ Managementoftraumatoprimaryteeth♦ Sequelaeandreactionfollowingtraumatoprimaryteeth♦ Managementoftraumatoyoungpermanentteeth♦ Preventionoftrauma:mouthprotectors

5

7.

PreventiveOrthodontics♦ Importanceandfunctionsofdeciduousdentition♦ Effectsofprematurelossofprimaryteeth

PreventiveOrthodontics:♦ Definition♦ Preventivemeasures♦ Spaceloss♦ Spacemaintenanceandspacemanagement♦ Spacemaintainers:definition,classification,indicationsandcontraindications,advantagesanddisadvantagesincludingconstructionoffixedspacemaintainers

♦ Spaceregainers♦ Mixeddentitionanalysis♦ Serialextraction

5

8.

InterceptiveOrthodontics♦ OralHabitsinchildren♦ Definition,classificationandetiologyofallhabits♦ Clinicalfeaturesofdeleteriousoralhabitsincludingnon‐nutritivesucking,mouthbreathing,nonfunctionalgrinding,masochisticandoccupationalhabits

♦ Managementoforalhabitsinchildren♦ Otherproblemsseenduringprimaryandmixeddentitionperiodandtheirmanagement

4

9.

Dentalmanagementofchildrenwithspecialneeds♦ Definition,classification,etiology,clinicalfeatures,specialconsiderationsinthedentalmanagementof:

♦ Physicallyhandicappingconditions♦ Mentallyhandicappingconditions♦ Medicallycompromisingconditions♦ Geneticdisordersandimportanceofgeneticcounsellingincludingcleftlipandpalateanditsmanagement

5

10.

Oralsurgicalproceduresinchildren♦ Indicationsandcontraindicationsforextraction♦ Minorsurgicalproceduresinchildren♦ Knowledgeoflocalandgeneralanaesthesia

2

11.

PreventiveDentistry♦ Definition,principlesandscope♦ Levelsandtypesofprevention♦ Infantoralhealthcareandfirstdentalvisit

Preventivemeasures:♦ Minimalintervention♦ Pitandfissuresealants♦ Preventiveresinrestorations♦ Neweragentsavailableforcariespreventionanddemineralization♦ Cariesvaccine

3

12. Nanodentistry–Introduction,principlesandtechnique– anoutline 113. DentalHealthEducationandschooldentalhealthprogrammes 114. ImportanceofDentalHOMEandanticipatoryguidance 115. Dentalemergenciesinchildrenandtheirmanagement 116. Settingupofpediatricdentalpracticeincludingethics 1

of 125

b) PRACTICALS/CLINICALSStudentistrainedtoarriveatproperdiagnosisbyfollowingascientificandsystematicprocedureofhistorytakingandexaminationoforofacialregion.Trainingisalsoimpartedinmanagementwheneverpossible.Inviewoftheaboveeachstudentshallmaintainarecordofworkdone,whichshallbeevaluatedformarksatthetimeofuniversityexamination.Thefollowingistheminimumprescribedwork.IIIYear DrawingofindividualprimaryteethmorphologyPreparationofvariouscavitydesignsontyphodontteethandextractedprimaryandpermanentteeth.AstudymodelorchartasinstructedshouldbesubmittedduringtheIIIyearposting.ClinicalExercises(IIIYear+IVYear)ThefollowingistheminimumprescribedworkCasehistoryrecordingandTreatmentPlanning Shortcases : 20 Longcases : 5 Total :25CommunicationandManagementofchildpatient Preventivemeasures:Oralprophylaxis;15 TopicalFluorideapplication:15 RestorationofcariousteethusingdifferentMaterials(ClassIandII):15Extractionofteeth:50Fabricationofpreventiveandinterceptiveorthodonticappliances:5TreatmentforChildrenwithSpecialhealthcareneeds:2(Childrenwithcardiacproblems,bleedingdisorders,neurologicalproblems,visuallychallengedetc)Educationandmotivationofthepatientsusingdisclosingagents,educatingpatientsaboutoralhygienemeasuresliketoothbrushing,flossingetc.Presentationofseminars/libraryassignments–preferablyinpowerpoint,duringtheIVyearclinicalpostinginthedepartment.SeminarshouldbesubmittedinabookformandthesamecertifiedbytheHODshouldbesubmittedalongwiththerecordatthetimeofUniversityPracticalExamination.

g) SCHEMEOFEXAMINATIONDistribution of Topics and Types of Questions for University WrittenExamination:


TotalMarks

QuestionsfromanyofthePediatric&PreventiveDentistryTopics


20



Total 100

v. Theory

of 125


vi. Clinicals:UniversityClinicalExamination: 80MarksCaseHistory,ClinicalExamination,Diagnosis&TreatmentPlanning 40MarksClinicalProcedure: 20Marks

OralprophylaxisandtopicalfluorideapplicationRestorationofdecayedtoothExtractionoftooth

Chairsidepreparation,Measurestakenfor 10Marksinfectioncontrol,Overallmanagementofthechildpatient&Postoperativeinstructions ClinicalWorkRecord&Seminar 10Marks


GrandTotal250Marks

17. ORALMEDICINEANDRADIOLOGYa) AIMi. TotrainthestudentstodiagnosethecommondisordersofOrofacial

regionbyclinicalexaminationandwiththehelpofsuchinvestigationsasmayberequiredandmedicalmanagementoforo‐facialdisorderswithdrugsandphysicalagents.

ii. Totrainthestudentsabouttheimportance,role,useandtechnicsofradiographsandotherimagingmethodsindiagnosis.

iii. TheprinciplesoftheclinicalandradiographicaspectsofForensicOdontology.

b) COURSECONTENTi. ThesyllabusinORALMEDICINE&RADIOLOGYisdividedintotwomain

parts.(1) Diagnosis,DiagnosticmethodsandOralMedicine(2) (II)OralRadiology.AgainthepartONEissubdividedintothree

sections.(A)Diagnosticmethods(B)Diagnosisanddifferentialdiagnosis(C)OralMedicine&Therapeutics.

ii. Emphasisshouldbelaidonoralmanifestationsofsystemicdiseasesand

ill‐effectsoforalsepsisongeneralhealth.iii. Toavoidconfusionregardingwhichlesionandtowhatextentthestudent

shouldlearnandknow,thiselaboratesyllabusisprepared.Ascertainlesionscomeundermorethanonegroup,thereisrepetition.

iv. Theory:65Hours(IIIyr.20hrs,IVyr.45hrs.) Sl.No. Topic Hours

SECTION(A)‐DIAGNOSTICMETHODS.1. DefinitionandimportanceofDiagnosisandvarioustypesofdiagnosis 12. Methodofclinicalexaminations.

2

(a) GeneralPhysicalexaminationbyinspection.(b) Oro‐facialregionbyinspection,palpationandothermeans(c) Totrainthestudentsabouttheimportance,role,useofsalivaandtechniquesof

diagnosisofsalivaaspartoforaldisease(d) Examinationoflesionslikeswellings,ulcers,erosions,sinus,fistula,growths,

pigmentedlesions,whiteandredpatches

of 125

(e) Examinationoflymphnodes(f) Forensicexamination‐Proceduresforpost‐mortemdentalexamination;maintaining

dentalrecordsandtheiruseindentalpracticeandpost‐mortemidentification;jurisprudenceandethics.

3. Investigations

24. (a) Biopsyandexfoliativecytology(b)Hematological,Microbiologicalandothertestsandinvestigationsnecessaryfor

diagnosisandprognosis SECTION(B)‐DIAGNOSIS,DIFFERENTIALDIAGNOSIS

Whilelearningthefollowingchapters,emphasisshallbegivenonlyondiagnosticaspectsincludingdifferentialdiagnosis

5. AnomaliesofSkull–No.,Size,Shape,otherdefects.

(1) Anomaliesofjawbones–

a. Mandible,(Ant.region,Body,Post.region(angle),Ramus

b. Maxilla(Ant.region,Post.region,palate)(2) Teeth:Developmentalabnormalities,causesofdestructionofteethandtheirsequelae

anddiscolorationofteeth

1

6. DiseasesofboneandOsteodystrophies:Developmentdisorders:Anomalies,Exostosisandtori,infantilecorticalhyperostosis,osteogenisisimperfecta,Marfanssyndrome,osteopetrosis.Inflamation‐Injury,infectionandsperadofinfection,fascialspaceinfections,osteoradionecrosis.

1

7. Metabolicdisorders–Histiocytosis 18. Endocrine‐Acro‐megalyandhyperparathyroidismMiscellaneous‐Paget'sdisease,Monoand

polyostoticfibrousdysplasia,Cherubism. 1

9. Anomalies of Temperomandibular joint: No., size, shape, positon, function ‐ Developmentalabnormalitiesofthecondyle,Rheumatoidarthritis,Osteoarthritis,Sub‐luxationandluxation.

1

10. CommoncystsandTumors:

3

CYSTS:Cystsofsofttissue:MucoceleandRanulaCystsofbone:Odontogenicandnonodontogenic.TUMORS:SoftTissue:Epithelial:Papilloma,Carcinoma,MelanomaConnectivetissue:Fibroma,Lipoma,FibrosarcomaVascular:Haemangioma,LymphangiomaNerveTissue:Neurofibroma,TraumaticNeuroma,NeurofibromatosisSalivaryGlands:Pleomorphicadenoma,Adenocarcinoma,Warthin'sTumor,Adenoidcysticcarcinoma.HardTissue:NonOdontogenic:Osteoma,Osteosarcoma,Osteoclastoma,Chondroma,Chandrosarcoma,Centralgiantcellrumor,andCentralhaemangiomaOdontogenic:Enameloma,Ameloblastoma,CalcifyingEpithelialOdontogenictumor,AdenomatoidOdontogenictumor,Periapicalcementaldysphasiaandodontomas

11. Periodontaldiseases:Gingivalhyperplasia,gingivitis,periodontitis,pyogenicgranuloma 112. Granulomatousdiseases:Tuberculosis,Sarcoidosis,Midlinelethalgranuloma,Crohn'sDisease

andHistiocytosisX1

13. MiscellaneousDisorders:Burkittlymphoma,Sturge‐ Webersyndrome,CRESTsyndrome,rendu‐osler‐weberdisease

1

SECTION(C):ORALMEDICINEANDTHERAPEUTICS. Thefollowingchaptersshallbestudiedindetailincludingtheeiology,pathogenesis,clinicalfeatures,investigations,differentialdiagnosis,managementandprevention

214. Infectionsoforalandparaoralstructures:

Bacterial:Streptococcal,tuberculosis,syphillis,vincents,leprosy,actinomycosis,diphtheriaandtetanusFungal:CandidaalbicansVirus:Herpessimplex,herpeszoster,ramsayhuntsyndrome,measles,herpangina,mumps,infectiousmononucleosis,AIDSandhepatitis‐B

15. Importantcommonmucosallesions:

3Whitelesions:Chemicalburns,leukodema,leukoplakia,fordycespots,stomatitisnicotinapalatinus,whitespongenevus,candidiasis,lichenplanus,discoidlupuserythematosisVeiculo‐bullouslesions:Herpessimplex,herpeszoster,herpangina,bullouslichenplanus,

of 125

pemphigus,cicatricialpemphigoiderythemamultiforme.Ulcers:AcuteandchroniculcersPigmentedlesions:ExogenousandendogenousRedlesions:Erythroplakia,stomatitisvenenataandmedicamentosa,erosivelesionsanddenturesoremouth.

16. Cervico‐faciallymphadenopathy 117. Facialpain:

1

(i) Organicpain:Painarisingfromthediseasesoforofacialtissuesliketeeth,pulp,gingival,periodontaltissue,mucosa,tongue,muscles,bloodvessels,lymphtissue,bone,paranasalsinus,salivaryglandsetc.,

(ii) PainarisingduetoC.N.S.diseases:(iii) Painduetointracranialandextracranialinvolvementofcranialnerves.

(Multiplesclerosis,cerebrovasculardiseases,trotter'ssyndromeetc.(iv) Neuralgicpainduetounknowncauses:Trigeminalneuralgia,glossopharyngeal

neuralgia,sphenopalatineganglionneuralgia,periodicmigrainousneuralgiaandatypicalfacialpain

(v) Referredpain:Painarisingfromdistanttissueslikeheart,spineetc.,18. Alteredsensations:Cacogeusia

119. Tongueinlocalandsystemicdisorders:(Aglossia,ankyloglossia,bifidtongue,fissuredtongue,

scrotaltongue,macroglossia,microglossia,geographictongue,medianrhomboidglossitis,depapillationoftongue,hairytongue,atrophictongue,reactivelymphoidhyperplasia,glossodynia,glossopyrosis,ulcers,whiteandredpatchesetc.

20. Oralmanifestationsof:

4

(i) Metabolicdisorders:(a) Porphyria(b) Haemochromatosis(c) HistocytosisXdiseases

(ii) Endocrinedisorders:(a) Pituitary:Gigantism,acromegaly,hypopitutarism(b) Adrenalcortex:Addison'sdisease(Hypofunction)Cushing'ssyndrome

(Hyperfunction)(c) Parathyroidglands:Hyperparathyroidism.(d) Thyroidgland:(Hypothyroidism)Cretinism,myxedema(e) Pancreas:Diabetes

(iii) Nutritionaldeficiency:Vitamins:riboflavin,nicotinicacid,folicacidVitaminB12,VitaminC(Scurvy)

(iv) Blooddisorders:(a) RedbloodcelldiseasesDeficiencyanemias:(Irondeficiency,Plummer‐Vinson‐

syndrome,perniciousanemia)Haemolyticanemias:(Thalassemia,sicklecellanemia,erythroblastosisfetalis)AplasticanemiaPolycythemia

(b) WhiteBloodcelldiseasesNeutropenia,cyclicneutropenia,agranulocytosisandleukemias.

21. Diseaseofsalivaryglands:(a) Developmentdistrubances:Aplasia,atresiaandaberration(b) Functionaldisturbances:Xerostomia,ptyalism(c) Inflammatoryconditions:Nonspecificsialadenitis,mumps,sarcoidosisheerdfort's

syndrome(Uveoparotidfever),Necrotisingsialometaplasia(d) Cystsand.tumors:Mucocele,ranula,pleomorphicadenoma,mucoepidermoid

carcinoma.(e) Miscellaneous:Sialolithiasis,Sjogren'ssyndrome,Mikuliez'sdiseaseandsialosis

1

22. Dermatologicaldiseaseswithoralmanifestations:(a) Ectodermaldysplasia(b) Hyperkerotosispalmarpiantariswithperiodontopathy(c) Scleroderma(d) Lichenplanusincludingginspan'ssyndrome(e) Lupuserythematosus(f) Pemphigus(g) Erythemamultiforme(h) Psoriasis

1

23. Immunologicaldiseaseswithoralmanifestations(a) Leukemia(b) Lymphomas(c) Multiplemyeloma(d) AIDSclinicalmanifestations(e) opportunisticinfections

1

of 125

(f) neoplasms(g) Thrombcytopenia(h) Lupuserythematosus(i) Scleroderma(j) Dermatomyositis(k) Submucousfibrosis(l) Rhemtoidarthritis(m) Recurrentoralulcerationsincludingbehcet'ssyndromeandreiter'ssyndrome

24. Allergy:Localallergicreactions,anaphylaxis,serumsickness(localandsystemicallergicmanifestationstofooddrugsandchemicals)

225. Focioforalinfectionandtheiri l l effectsongeneralhealth26. Managementofdentalproblemsinmedicallycompromisedpersons:

(a) Physiologicalchanges:Puberty,pregnancyandmenopause(b) Thepatientssufferingwithcardiac,respiratory,liver,kidneyandbleedingdisorders,

hypertension,diabetesandAIDS.Post‐irradiatedpatients.27. Precancerouslesionsandconditions 128. Nerveandmusclediseases:

2

(i) Nerves:(a) Neuropraxia(b) Neurotemesis(c) Neuritis(d) FacialnerveparalysisincludingBell'spalsy,Heerfordt'ssyndrome,Melkerson

Rosenthelsyndromeandramsayhuntsyndrome(e) Neuroma(f) Neurofibromatosis(g) Frey'syndrome

(ii) Muscles:(a) Myositisossificans(b) Myofascialpaindysfunctionsyndrome(c) Trismus

29. Forensicodontology:

2(a) Medicolegalaspectsoforofacialinjuries(b) Identificationofbitemarks(c) Determinationofageandsex(d) Identificationofcadaversbydentalappliances,Restorationsandtissueremnants

30. Therapeutics:Generaltherapeuticmeasures‐drugscommonlyusedinoralmedicineviz.,antibiotics,chemotherapeuticagents,anti‐inflammatoryandanalgesicdrugs,astringents,mouthwashes,styptics,demelucents,localsurfaceanaesthetic,sialogogues,antisialogoguesanddrugsusedinthetreatmentofmalignancy‐

Part‐IIORALRADIOLOGY31. Scopeofthesubjectandhistoryoforigin 132. Physicsofradiation:

(a)Natureandtypesofradiations(b)Sourceofradiations(c)ProductionofX‐rays(d)PropertiesofX‐rays(e)Comptoneffect(f)Photoelectriceffect(g)Radiationmeasuringunits

4

33. Biologicaleffectsofradiation 134. Radiationsafetyandprotectionmeasures 135. Principlesofimageproduction 136. Radiographictechniques:

(i) Intra‐Oral:(a) Periapicalradiographs(Bisectingandparalleltechniques)(b) Bitewingradiographs(c) Occlusalradiographs

3

(ii) Extra‐oral:(a) Lateralprojectionsofskullandjawbonesandparanasalsinuses(b) Cephalograms(c) pantomograms(d) Projectionsoftemperomandibularjointandcondyleofmandible(e) ProjectionsforZygomaticarche(f) Specialisedtechniques:

3

of 125

Sialography Xeroradiography Tomography

37. Factorsinproductionofgoodradiographs:(a) K.V.P.andmA.ofX‐raymachine(b) Filters(c) Collimations(d) Intensifyingscreens(e) Grids(f) X‐rayfilms(g) Exposuretime(h) Techniques(i) Darkroom(j) Developerandfixersolutions(k) Filmprocessing

4

38. Radiographicnormalanatomicallandmarks 239. Faultyradiographsandartefactsinradiographs 140. Interpretationofradiographsinvariousabnormalitiesofteeth,bonesandotherorofacialtissues 141. PrinciplesofradiotherapyofOro‐facialmalignanciesandcomplicationsofradiotherapy 142. Contrastradiographyandbasicknowledgeofradio‐activeisotopes 143. RecentAdvancesinImaging 144. RadiographyinForensicOdontoloy‐ Radiographicageestimationandpostmortemradiographic

methods2

v. Clinicals:

1. Trainingin:

- Patientexamination- Patientassessment- Treatmentplanning- Medicationsifany,withdose- Followupprotocols

2. In view of the above each student shall maintain a record of workdone, which shall be evaluated for marks at the time of universityexamination.

3. The following is the minimum clinical requirement to appear forUniversityexamination:a) ......................................................................... Recordingofdetailed

casehistoriesofinterestingcases‐10b) ......................................................................... RoutineOP,shortcases–

minimum100(thirdandFinalyear)c)....................................................................... Intra‐oralradiographs

(Periapical,bitewing,occlusal)‐25d) Discussions‐shouldhaveparticipatedinaminimumof20long

casediscussionse) Investigativeprocedures–Biopsy,Cytologyetc:‐

c) SCHEMEOFEXAMINATION

of 125

Distribution of Topics and Types of Questions for University WrittenExamination:


TotalMarks

Onequestionfromoralmedicineandonefromradiology


20

A.DiagnosticMethods– TwoquestionsB.DifferntialDiagnosis‐twoquestionsC.Therapuetics–TwoquestionD.RadiationPhysics–OnequestionE.Techniques–TwoQuestionsF.RadiographicInterpretation–OneQuestion


A. FourQuestionsfromOralMedicne

B. FourQuestionsfromRadiology

C. TwofromForensicOdontology


Total 100

vii. Theory


viii. Clinicals:UniversityClinicalExamination: 80Marks

Spotters(1markeach) 1x10 10Marks DiscussionLongCase 1x30 30Marks TakingandInterpretationofRadiograph 1x30 30Marks WorkRecordandseminar 10Marks

InternalAssessment: 20MarksTOTAL 100Marks

GrandTotal250Marks

18. ORTHODONTICS&DENTOFACIALORTHOPAEDICSa) GOAL

Undergraduate programme in Orthodontics is designed to enable thequalifyingdentalsurgeontodiagnose,analyzeandtreatcommonorthodonticproblemsbypreventive,interceptiveandcorrectiveorthodonticprocedures

b) SCHEMEOFSTUDYTheundergraduatestudyoforthodonticsspansoversecondyear,thirdyearandfourthyear.Insecondyeartheemphasisisgivenforbasicandpreclinicalwire bending exercises and appliance fabrication. In third year the studenthas to undergo clinical postings where patient care and appliancemanagement is emphasized. In fourth year of study the candidate will beallottedwith long cases for detailed discussion treatment plan formulationappliance construction, insertion andmanagement. In addition theywill betrained to attend routine out patients, appliance activation, cephalometricinterpretationetc.

of 125

c) SKILLS

i. Todiagnoseacaseofmalocclusionandformulateatreatmentplanii. Tomakeagoodalginateimpressioniii. Tofabricateagoodstudymodeliv. Toperformvariousmodelanalysisandcephalometricanalysisv. To construct routine removable andmyofunctional appliances using

coldcureacrylicvi. Insertionandmanagementofappliance

d) INTEGRATIONBy learning the science of Orthodontics, the student should be able todiagnosedifferenttypesofmalocclusion,developatreatmentplanforsimplemalocclusionsandmanagementofsimplemalocclusions.Thestudentshouldacquire skills to recognize Complex malocclusions and the same may bereferredtoaspecialist.Thisinsightisgainedinavarietyofways:

i. Preclinicaltrainingii. Lectures&smallgroupteachingiii. Demonstrationsiv. Spotdiagnosisanddiscussionsv. Longcasediscussionsvi. Seminarpresentations

e) ANOUTLINEOFTHECOURSECONTENT:

StudyofclinicalOrthodonticstoenablethestudenttounderstandthescienceandartoforthodontics

f) THEORY:50Hours(IIIyr.20hrs,IVyr.30Hrs)Slno TopicsforIIIyear Hours

1Introductiondefinitionhistoricalbackgroundaimsandobjectivesoforthodonticsandneedfororthodonticcare

1

2

Growthanddevelopment–Generalprinciples.Definition,growthspurtsanddifferentialgrowth,factorsinfluencinggrowthanddevelopment,methodsofmeasuringgrowth,Growththeories(Genetic,Sicher's,Scott's,Moss's,Petrovic’s,Multifactorial)1.Geneticandepigeneticfactorsingrowth2.Cephalocaudalgradientingrowth.3.MorphologicDevelopmentOfCraniofacialStructuresa.Methodsofbonegrowthb.Prenatalgrowthofcraniofacialstructuresc.Postnatalgrowthanddevelopmentof:cranialbase,maxilla,mandible,dentalarchesandocclusion.4. FunctionalDevelopmentofDentalArchesandOcclusiona.Factorsinfluencingfunctionaldevelopmentofdentalarchesandocclusion.b.Forcesofocclusionc.Wolfe'slawoftransformationofboned.Trajectoriesofforces5. ClinicalApplicationOfGrowthAndDevelopmentNormalAndAbnormalFunctionOfStomatognathicSystem

7

3

OcclusionandMalocclusioningenerala.Conceptofnormalocclusionb.Definitionofmalocclusionc.Descriptionofdifferenttypesofdental,skeletalandfunctionalmalocclusion.

4

of 125

ClassificationofMalocclusionPrinciple,description,advantagesanddisadvantagesofclassificationofmalocclusionbyAngle's,Simon's,Lischer'sandAckermanandProffitt's.

4Etiologyofmalocclusiona.Definition,importance,classification,localandgeneraletiologicalfactors.b.Etiologyofvarioustypesofmalocclusion.

2

5

DiagnosisAndDiagnosticAidsa.Definition,Importanceandclassificationofdiagnosticaidsb.Importanceofcasehistoryandclinicalexaminationinorthodonticsc.StudyModels:‐Importanceanduses‐Preparationandpreservationofstudymodelsd.ImportanceofintraoralX‐raysinorthodonticse.Panoramicradiographs:‐Principles,Advantages,disadvantagesandusesf)Cephalometrics:Itsadvantages,disadvantages1.Definition2.Descriptionanduseofcephalostat3.DescriptionandusesofanatomicallandmarkslinesandanglesusedinCephalometricanalysis4.Analysis‐Steiner's,Down's,Tweed's,Witts,Ricket's‐E‐lineg.Electromyographyanditsusesinorthodonticsh.WristX‐raysanditsimportanceinorthodontics

6

TopicsforIVyear

1PreventiveorthodonticsDefinitionandDifferentproceduresundertakeninpreventiveorthodonticsandtheirlimitations

1

2

Interceptiveorthodonticsa.Definitionb.Differentproceduresundertakenininterceptiveorthodonticsc.Serialextractions:Definition,indications,contra‐indication,technique,advantagesanddisadvantages.d.Roleofmuscleexercisesasaninterceptiveprocedure

2

3 Generalprinciplesinorthodontictreatmentplanning 1

4AnchorageAnchorageinOrthodontics‐Definition,Classification,TypesandStabilityOfAnchorage

1

5BiomechanicalprinciplesinorthodonticToothMovementa.Differenttypesoftoothmovementsb.Agefactorinorthodontictoothmovement

1

6BiologyoftoothmovementTissueresponsetoorthodonticforceapplication

1

7

MethodsofgainingspaceProximalstrippingExtractionsExpansionsDistalizationProclinationofanteriorsandde‐rotationofposteriors

5

8Orthodonticappliances–generalIndications,classifications,advantagesanddisadvantages 1

9 RemovableorthodonticappliancesComponents,indications,advantagesanddisadvantages 1

10FixedorthodonticappliancesHistoricaldevelopment,varioussystems,components,advantagesdisadvantages.

1

11MyofunctionalappliancesDefinition,classification,variousapplianceslikeactivator,Frankel,Twinblock,bionatorandfixedfunctionalappliances

3

12OrthopedicappliancesHeadgear,facemaskandchincap 2

13 Cleftlipandpalate–orthodonticmanagement 1

14

Surgicalorthodontics‐generalMinorsurgicalproceduresMajorsurgicalproceduresSurgicaldecompensation

2

15PrinciplesofmanagementofvariousmalocclusionsDeepbite,openbite,crossbites,midlinediastema,classI,IIandIIImalocclusion 2

16 Adultorthodontics 1

17RetentionandrelapseSchoolsofthought,theoremsofretention,variousfixedandremovableretainers 1

of 125

18 Computersandrecentdevelopmentsinorthodontics 119 Genetics 120 Ethics 1

g) CLINICALTRAINING

Slno TrainingInIIIyear Hours

1

Modelanalysis Pont’sanalysis AshleyHowe’sanalysis Carey’sanalysis Bolton’sanalysis Moyer’smixeddentitionanalysis

70

2

Cephalometricanalysis Down’sanalysis Steiner’sanalysis Tweed’sanalysis Wittsappraisal

3

Shortcases Impressions Modelfabrication Wirebending Acrylization Trimmingandpolishing Insertionofappliance

TrainingInIVyear

1

Longcasetaking Casetaking Modelanalysis Discussion Appliancefabricationandinsertion

1302Shortcases

Spotdiagnosisandspotdiscussion Appliancefabricationandinsertion

3 AttendingOPcasesandappliancereview

4

DesirableexercisesModifiedAdam’sclaspAdamsclasponanteriorteethSplitlabialbow,reverselabialbow,millsretractor,Robertsretractor,highlabialbowwithapronsspring

h) SCHEMEOFEXAMINATION

Distribution of Topics and Types of Questions for University WrittenExamination:


TotalMarks

Growth and development, classification and etiology ofmalocclusion, diagnostic aids, interceptive orthodontics,anchorage,biomechanics,biologyoftoothmovement,methodsofgaining space, myofunctional appliances, orthopedic appliances,retentionandrelapse

LongEssays2x10marks

20

Introductionandhistoricalbackground,growthanddevelopment,occlusion and malocclusion – classification and etiology.Diagnostic aids, skeletal maturity indicators, preventive andinterceptive orthodontics, general principles of treatmentplanning, anchorage, biomechanics, biology of tooth movement,methodsofgainingspace,orthodonticappliances–removableandfixed appliances, myo‐functional and orthopedic appliances,management of various malocclusions, management of cleft lipand palate, surgical orthodontics, adult orthodontics, retentionandrelapse,computersinorthodontics,geneticsandethics.


50


30

of 125

Total 100

ix. Theory


x. Clinicals:UniversityClinicalExamination: 80MarksCasePresentation 25MarksImpressionMaking 20MarksSpotters(10x2Marks) 20Marks ClinicalWorkRecord/Seminar/Assignment 15Marks


GrandTotal250Marks

of 125

19. ORAL&MAXILLOFACIALSURGERYa) AIM

Toproduce a graduatewho is competent in performing extraction of teethandminor surgeriesunderboth local andgeneral anaesthesia,preventandmanage related complications, acquire knowledge regarding asepticprocedures, have reasonable understanding of management of infectiouspatients and prevention of cross infections, learn about BLS, acquire areasonable knowledge and understanding of the various diseases, injuries,infectionsoccurring intheOral&Maxillofacialregionandoffersolutionstosuch of those common conditions and has an exposure in to the in‐patientmanagement of maxillofacial problems and also to acquire reasonableknowledge regarding the surgical principals involved in implant placementand be able to communicate properly and understand medico legalresponsibilities

b) OBJECTIVES:i. Knowledge&Understanding

Attheendofthecourseandtheclinicaltrainingthegraduateisexpectedto–(1) Able to apply the knowledge gained in the preclinical subjects and

relatedmedicalsubjectslikegeneralsurgeryandgeneralmedicineinthemanagementofpatientswithoralsurgicalproblem.

(2) Able to diagnose, manage and treat (understand the principles oftreatmentof)patientswithoralsurgicalproblems.

(3) Knowledgeofrangeofsurgicaltreatments.(4) Ability to decide the requirement of a patient to have oral surgical

specialistopinionortreatment.(5) Understandtheprinciplesofin‐patientmanagement.(6) Understandtheprinciplesofemergencymanagementofmaxillofacial

injuries, BLS measures and the medico legal responsibilities andformalities.

(7) Understandingof themanagementofmajororal surgicalproceduresandprinciplesinvolvedinpatientmanagement.

(8) Beabletodecidetheneedformedical/surgicalconsultationsandthemethodofdoingso.

(9) Shouldknowethicalissuesandhavecommunicationability.(10) Shouldknowthecommonsystemicandlocaldiseases,drugsusedand

druginteractions

ii. Skills:Agraduateshouldhaveacquiredtheskillto:(1) Examine any patient with an oral surgical problem in an orderly

manner.(2) Be able to understand requisition of various clinical and laboratory

investigationsandiscapableofformulatingdifferentialdiagnosis.(3) Shouldbe competent in the extractionof teethunderboth local and

generalanesthesia.

of 125

(4) Should be able to carry out certain minor oral surgical proceduresunder L.A. simple impactions, draining of abscesses, simple dentalwiring,biopsiesetc.

(5) Ability to assess, prevent andmanage various complications duringandaftersurgery.

(6) Abletoprovideprimarycareandmanagemedicalemergenciesinthedentaloffice.

(7) Understanding of the management of major oral surgical problemsandprinciplesinvolvedininpatientmanagement.

(8) Should be competent in measures necessary for homeostasis andwoundclosures.

c) THEORY:70HOURS(IIIYear20hrs,IVYear.20hrs.Vyear.30hrs.)Sl.No. Topics Description Hours TopicsforIIIYear

1. Introduction

Definition,scope,aimsandobjectives.Diagnosisinoralsurgery:Historytaking,Clinicalexamination,Investigations.Principlesofinfectioncontrolandcross‐infectioncontrolwithparticularreferencetoHIV/AIDSandHepatitis.

1

2. Principles of OralSurgery

1) Asepsis:DefinitionMeasures to prevent introduction of infectionduringSurgery.Preparationofthepatient,Measurestobetakenbyoperator,Sterilization of instruments ‐ various methods ofsterilizationetc,Principles and need for cleaning of infected/ usedinstrumentspriortoresterilizationSurgerysetup.

2) PainlessSurgery:Pre‐anestheticconsiderationsPre‐medication:purpose,drugsusedAnestheticconsiderationsa)Localb)LocalwithIVsedationsUseofgeneralanesthetic

3) Access:Intra‐oral: Mucoperiosteal flaps, principles,commonlyusedintraoralincisions.Bone Removal: Methods of bone removal. Use ofBurs: Advantages & precautions Bone cuttinginstruments:Principlesofusingchisel&osteotome.Extra‐oral. Skin incisions ‐principles,variousextra‐oral incision to expose facial skeleton. a)Submandibular b) Pre auricular Incision for TMJ,Accesstomaxilla&orbit,Bicoronalincision

4) ControlofhemorrhageduringsurgeryNormalHaemostasisLocalmeasuresavailabletocontrolbleedingHypotensiveanaesthesiaetc.

5) Drainage&DebridementPurposeofdrainageinsurgicalwoundsTypesofdrainsusedDebridement: purpose, soft tissue & bonedebridement.

6) ClosureofwoundsTypewounds,ClassificationofwoundsSuturing:PrinciplesSuturematerial:Classification,idealrequirementsBody response and resorbability of various

4

of 125

materialsetc.7) Postoperativecare

PostoperativeinstructionsPhysiology of cold and heat in the control of painandswellingAnalgesics and anti‐inflammatory drugs in thecontrolofpainandswellingControl of infection – antibiotics, principles ofantibiotictherapy,preventionofantibioticabuseLongtermpostoperativefollowup‐significance.

3. LocalAnaesthesia

IntroductionandNeurophysiologyConceptofLAClassificationoflocalanestheticagentsIdealrequirementsMechanismofactionArmamentariumrequiredTypesoflocalanaesthesiaUseofvasoconstrictorsinlocalanestheticsolution‐Advantages,contra‐indications,Variousvasoconstrictorsused.Anaesthesia of the mandible ‐Pterygomandibular space ‐boundaries,contentsetc.IntraoralandextraoraltechniquesofInferior Alveolar Nerve Block,Mandibular Nerve Block,MentalNerveBlock,Infiltrations,etc.AnaesthesiaofMaxilla–Infiltrations,Infra‐orbitalnerveblock,Posteriorsuperioralveolarnerveblock,Infiltrations,Maxillarynerveblock–IntraoralandextraoralTechniquesComplicationsoflocalanaesthesia‐localandsystemicDisposalofsharpinstruments

5

4. GeneralAnaesthesia

Conceptofgeneralanaesthesia.Indicationsofgeneralanaesthesiaindentistry.Pre‐anestheticevaluationofthepatient.Pre‐anestheticmedication‐advantages,drugsused.ConscioussedationCommonlyusedanestheticagents.ComplicationduringandafterG.A.I.V.sedationwithDiazepamandMidazolam.Indications,modeofaction,techniqueetc.CardiopulmonaryresuscitationUseofoxygenandemergencydrugs.

Tracheostomy .

2

5. Exodontia

GeneralconsiderationsIdealExtraction.Indications/contraindicationsforextractionofteethExtractionsinmedicallycompromisedpatients.MethodsofextractionForcepsorintra‐alveolarorclosedmethod.Principles,typesofmovement,force,roleoflefthandetc.Trans‐alveolar, surgical or open method Indications, surgicalprocedure.Dental elevators, uses, classification, principles in the use ofelevators,commonlyusedelevators.ArmamentariumComplicationsComplications during exodontia Common to bothmaxilla andmandible.Post‐operativecomplicationsPreventionandmanagementofcomplications.

4

6. MedicalEmergenciesin

dentalpractice

Primarycareofmedicalemergenciesindentalpractice(a)Cardiovascular(b)Respiratory(c)Endocrine(d)Anaphylacticreaction(e)EpilepsyBasicLifeSupport

3

7. Emergencydrugs&IntramuscularandI.V.Injections

EmergencydrugsrequiredinadentalclinicAppliedanatomy.Sitesforintramuscularandintravenousinjections,techniquesetc.

1

of 125

TopicsforIVYear

8.

Impactedteeth

i. Incidence,definition,etiology.ii. Impactedmandibularthirdmolar

Classification, reasons for removalAssessment ‐ both clinical & radiological.Armamentarium and surgical procedures for removal.Complications during and after removal, its prevention andmanagement.

iii. Maxillary third molar, Indications for removal,classification, Armamentarium and surgicalprocedureforremoval,Complicationsduringandafterremoval,itspreventionandmanagement.

iv. Impacted maxillary canine. Reasons for canineimpaction, indications for removal, Methods ofmanagement, Localization, labial and palatalapproaches, Complications during and afterremoval, its prevention and managementSurgicalexposure,Transplantation

4

9.

NeurologicalDiseases

i.Trigeminalneuralgia‐definition,etiology,clinicalfeaturesandmethodsofmanagementincludingmedicalandsurgical.ii.Facialparalysis‐etiology,clinicalfeatures.iii.Nerveinjuries‐Classification,clinicalfeaturesandmanagement,NerveGrafting‐Neuropathyetc.

3

10. Implants

Conceptofosseointegration,Historyofimplantstheirdesign&surfacecharacteristics.Knowledgeofvarioustypesofimplants,Bonebiology,Morphology,Classificationofboneanditsrelevancetoimplantplacement.Boneaugmentationmaterials.Softtissueconsiderationsinimplantdentistry.Surgicalproceduretoplaceimplants.

2

11. Diseasesofthemaxillarysinus

Surgicalanatomyanddevelopmentofthesinus.SinusitisbothacuteandchronicSurgicalapproachofsinus‐Caldwell‐Lucprocedure,KnowledgeofFESS,Removalofrootfromthesinus.Oro‐antralfistulaandcommunications‐etiology,clinicalfeaturesandsurgicalmethodsforclosure.

2

12. Cystsofthemouthand

jaws

Definition,classification,pathogenesis.Diagnosis‐Clinicalfeatures,radiological,FNAC,useofcontrastmediaandhistopathology.Management‐typesofsurgicalprocedures.Rationaleofthetechniques,indications,contraindications,procedures,complicationsetc.

4

13. Jawdeformities

Basicforms‐ Prognathism,Retrognathismandopenbite.Reasonsforcorrection.DiagnosisandtreatmentplanningOutlineofsurgicalmethodscarriedoutonmandibleandmaxilla‐subapical,body,sagittalsplitosteotomy,genioplasty,anteriormaxillaryOsteotomy,LefortIosteotomyRoleofdistractionosteogenesisincorrectionofjawdeformities

3

14. Pre‐prostheticSurgery

DefinitionClassificationofproceduresCorrectiveprocedures:Alveoloplasty,Reductionofmaxillarytuberosities,Frenectemiesandremovaloftori.RidgeextensionorSulcusextensionprocedures,IndicationsandvarioussurgicalproceduresRidgeaugmentationandreconstruction.Indications,useofbonegrafts,hydroxyapatiteetc

2

TopicsforVYear

15. CleftLipandPalate

Etiologyoftheclefts,incidence,classificationRoleofdentalsurgeon/maxillofacialsurgeoninthecleftteam.Outlineoftheclosureprocedures,

1

of 125

16.

InfectionsoftheOral

cavity

Introduction,surgicalanatomyofthesuperficialanddeepfasciaeofheadandneckFactorsresponsibleforinfection,pathogenecity,virulenceDento‐alveolarabscess‐aetiology,clinicalfeaturesandmanagement.SpreadofodontogenicinfectionsthroughvariousfacialspacesanditsmanagementLudwig'sangina‐definition,aetiology,clinicalfeatures,managementandcomplicationsCourseofodontogenicinfections

6

17. FungalInfectionsofheadandneckregion

Candidiasis,Actinomycosis,Coccidiodmycosis,Rhinosporidosis,Antifungalagents

1

18. Osteomyelitisofthe

jawsDefinition,etiology,pre‐disposingfactors,classification,clinicalfeaturesandmanagement.

1

19. Carcinomaoftheoral

cavity

LymphaticSpread.TNMclassification,Staging.Biopsy‐types,fillingofHistopathologyrequestformOutlineofmanagementofSquamousCellCarcinoma:surgery,radiationandchemotherapyRoleofdentalsurgeonsinthepreventionandearlydetectionoforalcancer.

2

20. Osteoradionecrosis‐ Definition,etiology,theories,pre‐disposingfactors,classification,clinicalfeaturesandmanagement. 1

21. MaxillofacialTraumatology

EmergencymanagementinmaxillofacialtraumaGeneralconsiderations,typesoffractures,aetiology,clinicalfeaturesandgeneralprinciplesofmanagement.Mandibularfractures‐Appliedanatomy,classification.Diagnosis‐Clinicalandradiologicalfeatures,Management‐Reduction‐closedandopenFixationandimmobilizationmethodsoutlineofrigidandsemi‐rigidinternalfixationFracturesofthecondyle‐etiology,classification,clinicalfeatures,principlesofmanagementFracturesofthemiddlethirdoftheface.Definitionofthemidface,appliedsurgicalanatomy,classification,clinicalfeaturesandoutlineofmanagement.Alveolarfractures‐methodsofmanagementFracturesoftheZygomaticcomplexandorbit.Classification,clinicalfeatures,indicationsfortreatment,variousmethodsofreductionandfixationFaciomaxillaryInjuriesinChildrenComplicationsoffractures‐delayedunion,non‐unionandmalunion.

7

22. Salivaryglanddiseases

SurgicalAnatomyofMinorandMajorsalivaryglandsSialography,contrastmedia,procedure.InflammatoryconditionsofthesalivaryglandsSialolithiasis‐Submandibularductandgland,parotidductandgland,Clinicalfeatures,management,IntraoralandextraoralSialolithotomy.Salivaryfistulae,sialocoeleAutoimmunediseasesofthesalivaryglands,diagnosismanagmentCommontumoursofsalivaryglandslikePleomorphicadenomaincludingminorsalivaryglands.

3

23. TumorsoftheOral

cavity

Generalconsiderations,surgicalprinciplesNonodontogenicbenigntumoursoccurringinoralcavity‐fibroma,papilloma,lipoma,ossifyingfibroma,myxomaetc.Odontogenictumors:bothbenignandmalignant.Ameloblastoma‐Clinicalfeatures,radiologicalappearanceandmethodsofmanagement.Osteogenictumoursofthefaciomaxiliaryregion.

4

24. DisordersofT.M.Joint

Appliedsurgicalanatomyofthejoint.DevelopmentoftheTMJSurgicalapproachestoTM.JRadiologicalinvestigationsHypermobiltyofTMJ;Dislocation‐Types,aetiology,clinical

4

of 125

featuresandmanagement.HypomobilityofTMJ;Classification,Ankylosis‐Definition,aetiology,clinicalfeaturesandmanagementMyo‐facialpaindysfunctionsyndrome,etiology,clinicalfeatures,management‐Nonsurgicalandsurgical.Internalderangementofthejoint.InflammatoryDiseasesofT.M.Joint.Arthroscopy

e) CLINICALANDACADEMICREQUIREMENTSi. CaseTaking:Detailedclinicalexaminations,investigationsanddiagnosis–

10nos.ii. Dentalextractionsunderlocalanesthesia–300nos.iii. Suturingofextractionwound‐5nosiv. Incisionanddrainage–3nos.v. Archbarwiring, eyeletwiring and intermaxillary fixationonplasteror

acrylicmodels‐1eachvi. IV/IMinjectiontechniqueonpatients‐5noeachvii. Wounddressing–5nos.viii. Observingminorsurgerydonebystaffmember‐5nosix. SurgicalAssistanceofminorsurgeries‐5nos.x. ObservationofmajorsurgeriesinOperationTheatre‐3nos.xi. Observationofsurgicalproceduresperformedincasualty–5nos.xii. Traininginhandlingmedicalemergencies.CPRandbasiclifesupportxiii. Seminars:6nos.Twointhethirdyear,TwointhefourthyearandTwoin

thefinalyearAworkrecordshouldbemaintainedbyallstudentsdetailingeachoftheclinicalandacademicrequirementsdulysignedbytheteacherinchargeandshouldbesubmittedatthetimeofexaminationafterduecertificationfromtheheadofthedepartment.

f) CLINICALREQUIREMENTSYEARWISESPILTUP:

Sl.No.

Topic ProceduresinIIIYear Quota:Mustdo

1CaseTaking

Detailed clinical examinations, investigations anddiagnosis

2cases

2 DentalExtraction

Extraction of anterior and mobile teeth under LA :Infiltrationonly

60cases

3 Seminars Seminars on basic subjects, local anesthesia,investigativeprocedures,exodontiaetc

2no.

Injection IV/IMinjectiontechniqueonpatients‐ 5nos.each4

ObservationObserving minor surgery under LA done by staffmember

2cases

ProceduresinIVYear1

CaseTakingDetailed clinical examinations, investigations anddiagnosis

3cases

2 DentalExtraction

Extraction of anterior and posterior teeth under LA :Infiltrationandblocks

100cases

3 Suturing Suturingofextractionwound 5no.4

SeminarsSeminarsonoralsurgerysubjects,crosscontaminationand infection, impactions, medically compromisedpatients,medicalemergenciesetc.

2no.

5Observation

Observing minor surgery under LA done by staffmember

3cases

6Assistance

Assistance of minor surgery under LA done by staffmember

2cases

of 125

7 Observation Observationofcasesmanagedinthecasualty 2cases8 Skill

developmentWiringproceduresinmodels 3nos.

ProceduresinVYear1

CaseTakingDetailed clinical examinations, investigations anddiagnosis

5cases

2 DentalExtraction

Extraction of anterior and posterior teeth under LA :Infiltrationandblocks

140cases

3Seminars

Seminars on oral surgery subjects like TMJ, Tumors,Maxillofacial injuries, Infections, Salivary GlanddiseasesandMedico‐legalcosiderations

2no.

4 Observation ObservationofmajorsurgeryunderGAdointheOT 3cases5

AssistanceAssistance of minor surgery under LA done by staffmember

3cases

6 Procedure Incisionanddrainage 37 Procedure Wounddressing 58 Observation Observationofcasesmanagedinthecasualty 3cases

i) SCHEMEOFEXAMINATIONDistribution of Topics and Types of Questions for University WrittenExamination:

ContentsTypesofQuestionsandDistributionofMarks TotalMarks

OneQuestionFromLocalAnaesthesiaOneQuestionFromOralSurgery


EightQuestionFromOralSurgery,OneQuestionFromLocalAnaesthesia,,OneQuestionFromGeneralAnaesthesia


QuestionsfromanyoftheOral&MaxillofacialSurgerytopics.


Total 100

xi. Theory


xii. Clinicals:UniversityClinicalExamination: 80MarksExtractionofonefirmtooth(Maxillary/Mandibular)CaseHistory 20MarksLocalAnaesthesiatechnique 25MarksExtractionoffirmtooth&patientmanagement 25Marks ClinicalWorkRecord&Seminar 10Marks


GrandTotal250Marks

of 125

20. CONSERVATIVEDENTISTRYANDENDODONTICS

a) OBJECTIVES:

i. KnowledgeandUnderStanding:Thegraduateshouldacquire the followingknowledgeduring theperiodoftraining,(1) Todiagnoseandtreatsimplerestorativeworkforteeth.(2) To gain knowledge about aesthetic restorative material and to

translatethesametopatientsneeds.(3) To gain the knowledge about endodontic treatment on the basis of

scientificfoundation.(4) Tocarryoutsimpleendodontictreatment.(5) Tocarryoutsimpleluxationoftoothanditstreatmentandtoprovide

emergencyendodontictreatment.ii. Skills:

Heshouldattainfollowingskillsnecessaryforpracticeofdentistry(1) Touse mediumandhighspeedhandpiecestocarryoutrestorative

work.(2) Poses the skills to use and familiarize endodontic instruments and

materialsneededforcarryingoutsimpleendodontictreatment.(3) To achieve the skills to translate patients esthetic needs alongwith

function.iii. Attitudes:

(1) Maintainahigh standardofprofessional ethics&conductandapplytheseinallaspectsofprofessionallife.

(2) WillingnesstoparticipateinCDEprogrammetoupdatetheknowledgeandprofessionalskillfromtimetotime.

(3) To help and participate in the implementation of the national oralhealthpolicy.

(4) Heshouldbeabletomotivatethepatientforproperdentaltreatmentandmaintenanceoforalhygieneshouldbeemphasisewhichwillhelptomaintaintherestorativeworkandpreventfuturedamage.

Sl.No. TopicforIIYear Hours1. IntroductiontoConservativeDentistry.

12. Definition,Aim&ScopeofConservativeDentistry&Endodontics3. Nomenclatureofdentition;ToothNumberingsystems

14. Restoration‐Definition&Objectives

5. HandInstruments‐Classification,Nomenclature,Design,Formulaofhandcuttinginstruments,GraspsandRests,Sterilization. 2

6. RotaryCuttinginstruments‐Burs,Design,Types.Variousspeedsintoothpreparation.Hazardswithcuttinginstruments.

2

7. Dentalcaries–Aetiology,classification,cariesterminology 18. FundamentalsinToothpreparation

49.

Definition,Stagesandsteps,ClassificationofToothpreparations,Nomenclature,ConceptsintoothpreparationsforSilverAmalgam,Castgoldinlay,CompositeresinsandGlassIonomer

10. Toothpreparationforamalgamrestorations.StepwiseprocedureforClassI,II,III,IV,Vamalgamrestorations.Failureofamalgamrestoration.

6

11. Contactandcontourofteeth–differentmethodsoftoothseparation 1

of 125

12. Matrices,Retainers,Wedges–methodsofwedging 113. Finishing&polishingofrestorations. 114. Chairsidepositions–patientandoperatorpositions 1

15. Managementofdeepcariouslesions– Techniqueofcariesexcavationwithhandandrotaryinstruments,AffectedandInfecteddentin,Cariesdetectordyes,ConceptofRemainingDentinThickness,PulpcappingandPulpotomy.

2

16. Accesscavityandbriefintroductionofrootcanalinstruments 2 TopicforIIIYear

17. NomenclatureofDentitionToothnumberingsystems:ADA,Zsigmondy‐Palmer,andFDIsystems

1

18. GnathologicalconceptsofRestorationPhysiologyofocclusion,normalocclusion,idealocclusionmandibularmovementsandocclusalanalysis.Occlusalrehabilitationandrestoration.

2

19. DentalCariesAetiology,classificationclinicalfeatures,morphologicalfeatures,microscopicfeatures,clinicaldiagnosisandsequelofdentalcaries.Cariestreatment.

4

20. TreatmentPlanningForRestorativeProcedure:Patient assessment, clinical examination, radiographic examination, tooth vitality tests,diagnosisandtreatmentplanning,preparationofthecasesheet.Patientandoperatorposition.

2

21. PreventivemeasuresinrestorativepracticePlaquecontrol,Pit andFissure sealants,Fluorides,Dietarymeasures, restorativeproceduresandperiodontalhealth.

3

22.

ArmamentariumforToothPreparation:Generalclassificationofoperativeinstruments.

a)HandcuttinginstrumentsTerminologyandclassificationDesign,formulaandsharpeningofinstruments.GraspRestandapplication.

b)RotarycuttinginstrumentsDentalbur,mechanismofcuttingCommondesigncharacteristicsDiamondandotherabrasiveinstrumentsCuttingmechanismHazardsandprecationsSterilizationandmaintenanceofinstruments.BasicInstrumenttraysetup.

4

23. IsolationofOperatingFiled:Control of moisture ,purpose and methods of isolation, rubber dam isolation in detail,antisialogogues

2

24.

InfectionControlRoutesoftransmissionofdentalinfectionPersonalbarrierprotectionControlofinfectionfromaerosol,spatterSterilization procedures for dental equipment and instruments, monitoring sterilization,disinfectionofoperatoryDentalwaterlinecontaminationandBiofilmDisposalofwaste

2

25.

PulpProtectionLiners,Varnishes,Bases.Affectedandinfecteddentin,CariesdetectordyesConceptsofRemainingDentinThickness

1

26. Paincontrolinrestorativeprocedures 1

27.

AmalgamRestoration:Indication,contraindication.PhysicalandmechanicalpropertiesClinicalbehavior.Advantagesanddisadvantages.ToothpreparationforClassI,II,VandIII.Stepwiseprocedurefortoothpreparationandrestorationincludingmodifieddesigns.Bondedamalgam,Failureandrepairofamalgamrestorations

5

28. ContactsandcontourToothseparationMatrices,retainersandwedges,methodsofwedging

1

29. ManagementOfDeepCariousLesionsTechniqueofcariesexcavation–Handandrotary 1

of 125

IndirectandDirectPulpCapping,Pulpotomy

30. DentinalHypersensitivityTheoriesofhypersensitivityManagement

1

TopicforIVYear

31.

ComplexamalgamrestorationsPinAmalgamRestorationIndications,ContraIndication,Advantages,Disadvantagesofpinamalgams,typesofpins,methodsofplacement,alternativemeansforprovidingretentionforcomplexamalgamrestorations.Failureofpinamalgamrestoration

4

32. GingivalTissueManagementIndicationandmethods,includingrecenttechniquesforgingivalretraction.

1

33.

AdhesiontotoothstructureDefinitionandmechanismEnamelandDentinbondingClassificationandrecentdevelopmentindentinbondingsystemscomponentsofdentinbondingagentscriticalstepsindentinbonding.

3

34. AnteriorRestorationsSelection of cases, selection of material, shade selection, Clinical technique for anteriorcompositerestorations.

1

35.

CompositeRestorationsComposition,classification,propertiesRecentadvancesincompositeresinsIndications,contraindications,advantages,disadvantagesStepwiseproceduresoftoothpreparationforcompositerestorations.Finishingandpolishingofcompositerestoration

2

36. MinimalInvasiveDentistryPrinciplesofMID,cariesriskassessment,materialsandtechniques

2

37. AlternatemethodsoftoothpreparationforrestorationsAirabrasion,chemomechanicalmethod,lasers

1

Endodontics 38. Introduction,definition,scopeandfutureofEndodontics 1

39. RationaleandprinciplesofEndodonticsCaseselection,indicationandcontraindicationsforrootcanaltreatments

1

40. ClinicaldiagnosticmethodsCasehistory,diagnosisandtreatmentplan

3

41. Microbiologyofendodonticinfection 1

42. IsolationandinfectioncontrolinEndodonticsRubberdamapplication 1

43.

EndodonticinstrumentsHandinstrumentsPowerdriveninstrumentsStandardizationPrinciplesofusingendodonticinstrumentsSterilization

3

44. PulpaldiseasesClassification,etiology,diagnosis,management

2

45. Periapicaldiseases:Classification,etiology,diagnosis,management

2

46.

Vitalpulptherapy:IndirectanddirectpulpcappingPulpotomy‐typesandmedicamentsusedApexogenesisandapexificationandproblemsofopenapex

2

TopicforVYear

47.

EstheticsindentistryIntroductionandscopeAnatomyandphysiologyofsmileRoleofcolourandtranslucencyEstheticrecontouringAlterationoftoothform,shape,sizeandcolourManagementofdiscolouredteeth

4

48. CompositerestorationsRecentadvancesinposteriorcompositeresins 3

of 125

Indications,contraindications,advantagesanddisadvantagesStepwiseprocedureoftoothpreparationforcompositerestoration.ClinicaltechniqueforposteriordirectcompositerestorationsFinishingandpolishingofcompositerestorationIndirectposteriorcompositerestoration

49.

CastsrestorationsIndications,contraindications,advantageanddisadvantagesMaterialsusedClassIIcavitypreparationforinlaysTypesofbevelsincastrestorationFabricationofwaxpatternsDifferencesintoothpreparationforamalgamandcastrestorations

3

50.

CastingDiematerialsandpreparationofdiesRefractorymaterialsAlloysusedforcastingCastingmachinesCastingprocedureCastingdefectsCementationofrestoration

2

51. TemporisationorinterimrestorationMaterialsandprocedure

1

52. RootCariesEtiology,clinicalfeaturesandmanagement

1

53. NoncariousdestructionoftoothstructureDefinition,etiology,diagnosis,clinicalfeaturesandmanagement

2

54.

CeramicRestorationsRecentadvancesinceramicmaterials&techniquesincludingCADCAM(inbrief)Ceramiclaminates,inlays,onlaysandcrowns,Indications,contraindications,advantages,disadvantagesandtechniques(inbrief)

3

55.

DirectFillinggoldRestorationsIntroductionTypesofdirectfillinggoldIndications,contraindications,advantages,disadvantagestoothpreparationandrestoration

1

Endodontics 56. Emergencyendodonticprocedures 2

57. AnatomyofpulpspaceRootcanalanatomyofmaxillaryandMandibularteeth.Classificationofcanalconfigurationandvariationsinpulpspace.

2

58.

AccesspreparationObjectivesPrinciplesInstrumentsusedSequentialstepsofaccesspreparationforindividualtooth

2

59.

Preparationofrootcanalspacea.Determinationofworkinglengthdefinitionandmethodsofdeterminingworkinglength

1

CleaningandshapingofrootcanalsObjectivesPrinciplesInstrumentsusedTechniques–handandrotaryStepback&Crowndownmethods

2

60.

Disinfectionofrootcanalspacea.IrrigantsFunctionsRequirementsTypesMethodsandtechniquesofirrigation

1

of 125

b.IntracanalmedicamentsFunctionsRequirementsTypesMethodofplacementandlimitations

1

61.

ProblemsduringcleaningandshapingofrootcanalspacesPerforationanditsmanagementBrokeninstrumentsanditsmanagementManagementofcurvedrootcanals

2

62.

Obturationoftherootcanalsystema.Materials‐Idealrootcanalfillingmaterial,classificationofmaterialsb.ObturationtechniquesClassificationandprocedure

2

63.

RootcanalsealersIdealpropertiesClassification,functionsManipulationandapplicationofrootcanalsealers

2

64. PostendodonticrestorationPrinciplesofpostendodonticrestorationsPostandcore‐materialsandprocedure(inbrief)

2

65. Smearlayeranditsimportanceinendodonticsandconservativetreatment

1

66. DiscolouredteethanditsmanagementBleachingagents,Vitalandnonvitalbleachingmethods

1

67.

TraumatizedteethClassificationoffracturedteeth.Managementoffracturedtooth.Luxatedteethanditsmanagement

2

68.

EndodonticsurgeriesIndicationcontraindications,preoperativepreparationSurgicalinstrumentsandtechniquesApicoectomy,retrogradefillingPostoperativesequaleTrephination,hemisectionRadisectomyReimplantation(bothintentionalandaccidental)

3

69. RootresorptionEtiologyandmanagement

1

70. Successandfailuresofendodontictreatments 171. RetreatmentinEndodontics 1

72. UseofspecializedequipmentslikelasersandmicroscopesinconservativedentistryandEndodontics

1

j) SCHEMEOFEXAMINATIONDistribution of Topics and Types of Questions for University WrittenExamination:


OneQuestionFromConservativeTopicsOneQuestionFromEndodonticTopics


SevenQuestionFromConservativeTopicsincludingestheticsandThreeQuestionFromEndodonticTopics


QuestionsfromanyoftheConservative&Endodontictopics.


Total 100

of 125

xiii. Theory


xiv. Clinicals:UniversityClinicalExamination: 80MarksInternalAssessment: 20Marks

GrandTotal250Marks

DetailsofMarkdistributionforuniversityPracticalexamination:

ClinicalExercise:45marks

WorkRecord:05marks

ClinicalExercises1. PreparationforclassIIamalgamandrestoration

Or2. Anteriorcompositerestoration

Or3. Rootcanaltreatmentforanteriortoothuptoselectionofmastercone

Markdistributionfortheclinicalexaminations

1. ClassIIamalgamrestorationi)Casehistoryrecording,examination,diagnosisandtreatmentplanning:05marksii)Toothpreparation:20marksiii)Baseandmatrix:10marksiv)Restorationandcarving:10marksTotal:45marks

2. Anteriorcompositerestorationi)Casehistoryrecording,examination,diagnosisandtreatmentplanning:10marksii)Toothpreparation:15markiii)Liningandmatrix:10marksiv)Restorationandfinishing:10marksTotal:45marks

3. AnteriorRCTi)Casehistoryrecording,examination,diagnosisandtreatmentplanning:10marksii)Accesspreparation:15marksiii)Workinglength:05marksiv)Cleaningandshaping,masterconeselection:15marksTotal:45marks

of 125

21. PROSTHODONTICSANDCROWN&BRIDGEa) THEORY:135HOURS(IIyr.25hrs,IIIyr.30hrs,IVyr.30hrs,Vyr.50hrs)

Sl.No.

Topic Description Hours

RemovableCompleteProsthodontics

1. AppliedAnatomyandPhysiologyIntroductionBiomechanicsoftheedentulousstate.Residualridgeresorption

3

2. CommunicatingwiththepatientUnderstandingthepatients,mentalattitude.Instructingthepatient.

1

3. Diagnosisandtreatmentplanningforpatient.

Withsometeethremaining.Withnoteethremaining.Systemicstatus.Localfactor.ThegeriatricpatientDiagnosticprocedures.

2

4. Articulators–discussion 3

5.Improvingthepatient’sdenturefoundationandridgerelation‐anoverview

Pre‐operativeexamination.Initialhardtissue&softtissueprocedure,Secondaryhard&softtissueprocedureImplantprocedure.CongenitaldeformitiesPostoperativeprocedure

3

6. PrinciplesofRetention,SupportandStability 2

7. Impressions‐detail.

Musclesoffacialexpression.BiologicconsiderationsformaxillaryandMandibularimpressionincludinganatomylandmarksandtheirinterpretation.ImpressionobjectivesImpressionMaterialsImpressiontechniques.MaxillaryandMandibularimpressionproceduresPreliminaryimpressionsFinalimpressions.Laboratoryproceduresinvolvedwithimpressionmaking(Beading&Boxing,andcastpreparation).

7

8. Recordbasesandocclusionrims‐indetails.Materials&techniquesUsefulguidelinesandidealparameters.

2

9. Recordingandtransferringbasesandocclusalrims 1

10Biologicalconsiderationinjawrelation&jawmovements–craniomandibularrelations.

Mandibularmovements.Maxillo‐Mandibularrelationincludingverticalandhorizontaljawrelations.

3

11 Conceptsofocclusion‐discussinbrief. Discussinbrief.2

12. Relatingthepatienttothearticulator

Facebowtypes&uses–discussinbrief.Facebowtransferprocedure‐discusinbrief.

1

13. RecordingMaxilloMandibularrelation.

VerticalrelationCentricrelationrecords.Eccentricrelationrecords.Lateralrelationrecords

4

14. Toothselectionandarrangement. Anteriorteeth. 2

of 125

Posteriorteeth.Estheticandfunctionalharmony.

15. Relatinginclinationofteethtoconceptofocclusion‐inbrief.Neutrocentricconcept.Balancedocclusalconcept. 2

16. Trialdentures 3

17. Laboratoryprocedures

Waxcontouring.Investingofdentures.Preparingofmold.Preparing&packingacrylicresin.Processingofdentures.Recoveryofdentures.LabremountproceduresRecoveringthecompletedenturefromthecast.Finishingandpolishingthecompletedenture.Plastercastforclinicaldentureremountprocedure

3

18. Dentureinsertion

Insertionprocedures.Clinicalerrors.Correctingocclusaldisharmony.Selectivegrindingprocedures

3

19. TreatingproblemswithassociateddentureuseDiscussinbrief(tabulation/flowchartform). 1

20 Treatingabusedtissues Discussinbrief 121 Reliningandrebasingofdentures Discussinbrief 222 Immediatecompletedenturesconstructionprocedure Discussinbrief 223 Thesinglecompletedentures Discussinbrief 224 Overdenturesdentures Discussinbrief 225 ImplantSupportedcompletedenture Discussinbrief 326 Reductionofresidualridge Discussinbrief 1

RemovablePartialProsthodontics1. Introduction 12 Terminologiesandscope 13 Classification 2

4 Examination,Diagnosis&Treatmentplanning&evaluationofdiagnosticdata.

2

5Componentsofaremovablepartialdenture.

MajorconnectorsMinorconnectorsRestandrestseatsDirectretainersIndirectretainersToothreplacement.

12

6. PrinciplesofRemovablePartialDentureDesign 37 Surveyanddesign–inbrief 18 Surveyors 19 Surveying 110 Designing 311 Mouthpreparationandmastercast 1

12 Impressionmaterialsandproceduresforremovablepartialdentures

2

13 Preliminaryjawrelationandesthetictryinforsomeanteriorreplacementteeth 2

14 Laboratoryproceduresforframeworkconstruction‐ inbrief 115 Fittingtheframework‐inbrief 116 Tryinofthepartialdenture‐inbrief 117 Completionofthepartialdenture‐inbrief 118 InsertingtheRemovablepartialdentureinbrief 119 Postinsertionobservations 120 TemporaryAcrylicPartialDentures 121 ImmediateRemovablePartialDenture 122 RemovablepartialDenturesopposingCompletedenture. 1

FixedPartialProsthodontics1. Introduction 1

of 125

2 Fundamentalsofocclusioninbrief. 13 Articulators Inbrief. 14 Treatmentplanningforsingletoothrestoration. 1

5Treatmentplanningforthereplacementofmissingteethincludingselectionandchoiceofabutmentteeth.

2

6. Fixedpartialdentureconfigurations 1

7 Principlesoftoothpreparations. 28 Preparationsforfullveneercrowns 39 Preparationsforpartialveneercrowns Inbrief. 110 ProvisionalRestorations 111 FluidControlandSoftTissueManagement 112 Impressions 113 WorkingCastsandDies 114 Waxpatterns 115 PonticsandEdentulousRidges 116 EstheticConsiderations 117 FinishingandCementation 118 ImplantSupportedFixedRestorations 2

MiscellaneousTopicstoBeCoveredInBrief:1 SolderJointsandOtherConnectors

10

2 All‐CeramicRestorations 3 Metal‐CeramicRestorations 4 Preparationsofintracoronalrestorations.5 Preparationsforextensivelydamagedteeth.6 PreparationsforPeriodontallyweakenedteeth `7 TheFunctionallyGeneratedPathTechnique8 InvestingandCasting 9 Resin‐BondedFixedPartialsDenture

It is suggested that the above mentioned topics be dealt with whereverappropriateinthefollowingordersoastocover‐

DefinitionDiagnosis (of the particular situation /patient selection /treatmentplanning)Types/ClassificationMaterialsMethodology‐Lab/ClinicalAdvantages&disadvantagesIndications,contraindicationsMaintenancePhaseRecentadvancesFailure

b) Mandatory requirement to appear for VBDS ProsthodonticsUniversity

Examination:1. Treating completely edentulous conditions with Complete Denture –

Minimum5nos.(includingallclinicalandlaboratoryprocedures)2. TreatingpartiallyedentulousconditionswithRemovablePartialDenture–

Minimum5nos.(includingallclinicalandlaboratorysteps)3. Should have satisfactorily completed all the Preclinical Prosthodontic

exercises4. Minimumofone seminarpresentationonanyProsthodontic topic.Ahard

copyoftheseminartobesubmittedatthetimeofUniversityexamination.

of 125

c) SCHEMEOFEXAMINATIONDistribution of Topics and Types of Questions for University WrittenExamination:

Contents TypesofQuestionsandDistributionofMarks

TotalMarks

OneQuestionFromCompleteDenturetopicsandonefromeitherFPDorRPD


4QuestionsfromCompletedentures,3questionsfromRPD,2questionsfromFPDand1questionfromMiscellaneoustopics.


QuestionsfromanyoftheProsthodontictopics


Total 100

xv. Theory


xvi. Clinicals:UniversityClinicalExamination: 80MarksCaseHistory 5MarksCompleteDentureclinicalsteps 45MarksToothPreparationonTyphodontorRPDdesigning 20Marks ClinicalWorkRecord&Seminar 10Marks


GrandTotal250Marks

22. PUBLICHEALTHDENTISTRYa) GOAL:

To prevent and control oral diseases and promote oral health throughorganizedcommunityefforts

b) OBJECTIVES:i. Knowledge:

Attheconclusionofthecoursethestudentshallhaveaknowledgeofthebasis of public health, preventive dentistry, public health problems inIndia, Nutrition, Environment and their role in health, basics of dentalstatistics, epidemiological methods, National oral health policy withemphasisonoralhealthpolicy.

ii. SkillandAttitude:Attheconclusionofthecoursethestudentsshallhaveacquireattheskillof identifying health problems affecting the society, conducting healthsurveys, conducting health education classes and deciding healthstrategies. Students should develop a positive attitude towards theproblemsofthesocietyandmusttakeresponsibilitiesinprovidinghealth.

of 125

iii. Communicationabilities:At the conclusions of the course the student should be able tocommunicatetheneedsofthecommunityefficiently,informthesocietyofalltherecentmethodologiesinpreventingoraldisease

c) THEORY:30HOURS(IIIyr.30hrs,IVyr.30hrs)

Sl.No. Topic No.ofhours1. IntroductiontoDentistry:DefinitionofDentistry,Historyofdentistry,Scope,aimsand

objectivesofDentistry.3

2. PublicHealth: i. Health&Disease:‐Concepts,Philosophy,DefinitionandCharacteristics 4 ii. PublicHealth:‐Definition&Concepts,Historyofpublichealth 1 iii. GeneralEpidemiology:‐Definition,objectives,methods 3 iv. Environmental Health: ‐ Concepts, principles, protection, sources,

purificationenvironmentalsanitationofwater,disposalofwaste, sanitation,theirroleinmassdisorder

3

v. HealthEducation:‐ Definition,concepts,principles,methods,andhealtheducationaids

2

vi. Public Health Administration: ‐ Priority, establishment, manpower,privatepracticemanagement,hospitalmanagement

1

vii. EthicsandJurisprudence:Professionalliabilities,negligence,malpractice,consents, evidence, contracts, and methods of, identification in forensicdentistry

3

viii. Nutritioninoraldiseases 1 ix. Behavioral science: Definition of sociology, anthropology and

psychologyandtheirrelevanceindentalpracticeandcommunity3

x. Healthcaredeliverysystem:Centerandstate,oralhealthpolicy,primaryhealthcare,nationalprogrammes,healthorganizations. 2

3. DentalPublicHealth i. Definitionanddifferencebetweencommunityandclinicalhealth. 2 ii. Epidemiology of dental diseases‐dental caries, periodontal diseases,

malocclusion,dentalfluorosisandoralcancer. 6

iii. Surveyprocedures:Planning, implementationandevaluation,WHOoralhealthsurveymethods1997,indicesfordentaldiseases

3

iv. Delivery of dental care: Dental auxiliaries, operational and non‐operational,incrementalandcomprehensivehealthcare,schooldentalhealth.

2

v. Payments of dental care: Methods of payments and dental insurance,governmentplans 2

vi. Preventive Dentistry‐ definition, Levels, role of individual, communityandprofession,fluoridesindentistry,plaquecontrolprogrammes.

5

4. ResearchMethodologyandDentalStatistics i. HealthInformation:‐ BasicknowledgeofComputers,MSOffice,Window

2000,StatisticalProgrammes1

ii. ResearchMethodology:‐Definition,typesofresearch,designingawrittenprotocol

1

iii. Bio‐Statistics: ‐ Introduction, collection of data, presentation of data,MeasuresofCentral tendency,measuresofdispersion,Tests of significance,Sampling and sampling techniques‐types, errors, bias, blind trails andcalibration.

6

5. PracticeManagement i. Placeandlocality

ii. Premises&layoutiii. Selectionofequipmentsiv. Maintenanceofrecords/accounts/audit.

4

v. DentistAct1948withamendment.Dental Council of India and State Dental Councils Composition andresponsibilities.

1

vi. IndianDentalAssociationHeadOffice,State,localandbranches. 1

of 125

d) PRACTICALS/CLINICALS/FIELDPROGRAMMEINPUBLICHEALTHDENTISTRY: TheseexercisesdesignedtohelpthestudentinIVandVyear:i. Understandthecommunityaspectsofdentistryii. To take up leadership role in solving community oral health

programmeiii. Togainhandsonexperienceonresearchmethodology

e) PRACTICALS:90HOURS

Sl.No. Exercise No.ofhours1. Shorttermresearchproject:Epidemiology&Advocacy

Purpose: Apply the theory and practice of epidemiology, planning and evaluation,statisticstodentalpublichealth.Mostofthestudentsareunfamiliarwithresearchandhence this short termprojectwhichwillbedividedacross twoyears (IVandVBDS)wouldaddressthisissue.Dependingonthetopicchosenstudentcanincorporate

a) Collectionofstatisticaldata(demographic)onpopulationinIndia,birthrates,morbidityandmortality,literacy,percapitaincome

b) Incidence and prevalence of common oral diseases like dental caries,periodontaldisease,oralcancer,fluorosisatnationalandinternationallevels

c) Preparationoforalhealtheducationmaterialposters,models,slides,lectures,playsactingskitsetc.

d) OralhealthstatusassessmentofthecommunityusingindicesandWHObasicoralhealthsurveymethods

e) Exploringandplanning settingofprivatedental clinics in rural, semiurbanand urban locations, availment of finances for dental practices‐preparingprojectreport.

60

2. Fieldvisitsa) Visit toprimaryhealthcenter‐toacquaintwithactivitiesandprimaryhealth

caredelivery.b) Visittowaterpurificationplant/publichealthlaboratory/centerfortreatment

ofwesternandsewagewaterc) Visittoschools‐toassesstheoralhealthstatusofschoolchildren,emergency

treatmentandhealtheducation includingpossiblepreventivecareatschool(toothbrushingtechniquedemonstrationandoralrinseprogrammeetc.)

d) Visit to institution for the care of handicapped, physically, mentally, ormedicallycompromisedpatients

Note :Fieldvisits shouldhaverelevance to theshort termresearchprojectas faraspossibleMinimumoftwovisits–oneperyear(IVandVBDS)

20

3. Preventive dentistry: in the department application of pit and fissure sealants,fluoridegel applicationprocedure,A.R.T.,Comprehensivehealth for5ptsat least2patients.

10

Note:ThecollegesareencouragedtoinvolveintheN.S.S.programmeforstudentstocarryoutsocialworkinruralareas.

f) SCHEMEOFEXAMINATIONDistribution of Topics and Types of Questions for University WrittenExamination:


AnytopicwithinthesyllabusofPublicHealthDentistry



50


Total 100

of 125

xvii. Theory


xviii. Clinicals:UniversityClinicalExamination: 80MarksCasehistorytaking 10MarksAssessmentoforalhealthstatususingany2relevantindices 30MarksPreventiveclinicalprocedures(Anyone)

[Topicalfluorideapplication,PitandfissuresealantsandART] 30MarksOralHealthEducationTalk/Presentationoforalhealtheducationmaterial/Shorttermstudentresearchprojectpresentation 10Marks


GrandTotal250Marks

of 125

SectionIX

COMPULSORYROTATINGRESIDENTINTERNSHIPPROGRAMMEAfter passing the V BDSDegree Examination the candidate has to undergo

CompulsoryRotatingResidentInternshipprogramme(CRRI)forsixmonths(i.e.183 days) in the same institution. During this period the candidates will beposted in all the clinical departments of the institution. The Degree will beawardedonlyaftersuccessful completionof theCRRIprogramme.During thistrainingperiod theywillhave toattend to the routineclinicalactivitiesof thedepartmentunderthesupervisionoffacultymembers.Theinternswillalsobeposted in the Dental Casualty for attending to the emergency services of theinstitution.

a) Thedurationofpostingofinternsinvariousdepartmentsisasfollows:‐Sl.No. Department No.ofDays1. Prosthodontics 302. Conservativedentistry 303. Oral&maxillofacialSurgery 304. Orthodontics 215. Pedodontics 216. OralMedicine&Radiology 217. Periodontics 208. CommunityDentistry 10

b) Duties&responsibilitiesofInternpostedinvariousdepartments

include:‐i. AttendingtotheroutineO.PintheDepartmentii. Carryingouttheroutineclinicalproceduresinthedepartmentiii. CarryingoutPatientandinstrumentPreparationforclinicalprocedures.iv. Carrying out all Clinical procedures including impression making, and

pouring casts ( i.e. steps including mixing of impression materials &gypsumproducts,mixingofrestorativematerialsandremovalofcastsfrom impressions to be done by the internee without seekingassistance)

v. Fabricationinsertionandfollowupofremovableorthodonticappliances.vi. Attendingtothecasualtydutiesoftheinstitutionvii. Maintenanceoflogbookandrecordsviii. Carryingoutanyotherdutyasinstructedbytheheadofthedepartment.ix. Maintenanceofproperdresscodeandattire.

Note:Theentireclinicalworkdonebyinternwillbeunderthesupervisionoffacultymembers. In the absence of faculty the intern will be under the supervision ofSenior/JuniorResident.

of 125

c) Suggestedinternshipprogrammeincommunitydentistry:i. ATTHECOLLEGE:

Studentsarepostedtothedepartmenttogettrainingindentalpracticemanagement.a) Totaloralhealthcareapproach‐ inorder topreparethenewgraduates in theirapproachto

diagnosis, treatmentplanning,costof treatment,preventionof treatmentonschedule,recallmaintenanceofrecordsetc.atleast10patients(bothchildrenandadultsofalltypespostingforatleastonemonth).

b) Thepracticeofchairsidepreventivedentistryincludingoralhealtheducation

ii. ATTHECOMMUNITYORALHEALTHCARECENTRE(ADOPTEDBYTHEDENTALCOLLEGEINRURALAREAS)Graduatespostedtofamiliarizein:(a) Surveymethods, analysis andpresentationoforalhealthassessmentof school childrenand

communityindependentlyusingWHObasicoralhealthsurveymethods.(b) Participationinruraloralhealtheducationprogrammes.(c) Stayinthevillagetounderstandtheproblemsandlifeinruralareas

iii. DESIRABLE:Learninguseofcomputers‐atleastbasicprogramme.

BDS Syllabus 2011

Documents

Transcript of BDS Syllabus 2011