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Transcript of Bcs for Eica
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ANIMAL PRODUCTION & HEALTH
BODY CONDITION SCORING
IN DAIRY CATTLE
Prepared by : English Group (A)
- Mr. Donny Yawah (Malaysia)
- Ms. Dewi Sholihah (Indonesia)
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WHAT IS BCS
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WHAT
ISBCS?
Body Condition Scoring (BCS) is a method of evaluating
fatness or thinness of dairy cows.
Condition scoring by visual assessment of the amount ofmuscle & fat
covering the bones of the pelvic & loin area of the cows.
Based on 5 points scale with increment of 0.25 (some country use 8
points scale).
Scoring enables us to compare the condition of a cows with the
recommended targets at certain stage.
There are 6 areas on the body regions of cows that need to beassessed.
The body condition should be regularly monitored by body condition
scoring (BCS) method.
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THE GOALS OF BCS
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Goals of Body Condition Scoring
Early detection of potential health problems;
Hence, reducing the incidence of metabolic and other
peripartum diseases.
Identify areas for improved feeding management
To maximize milk production and reproductive efficiency
Monitoring the energy status of dairy cows.
It is an indicator of the amount energy reserved and changeswith different stage of lactation.
Improve herd health, production, reproduction, profitability
THEIMPORTAN
TOFBCS
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POINTS OF BODY TO
EVALUATE
6
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Areas to Evaluate
Rump / Pelvic Area
Tailhead
Hooks
Pins
Thurl
Loin
Short ribs
Spine
AREAT
OEVALUATE
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AREAT
OEVALUATE
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Thurl
Hooks
Short Ribs & Loin
Tailhead Ligament
Sacral Ligament
Pins
Rear View
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AREAT
OEVALUATE
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ThurlHooks
Short Ribs & LoinTailhead LigamentSacral Ligament
Pins
Side View
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5 POINTS SCALE
BODY CONDITIONSCORING
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THEIMPORTAN
TOFBCS
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5 points scale BCS
BODY SCORE
1 Very poor
2 Poor
3
Good 4 Fat
5 Very fat
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5POINTSSCALE
BCS
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BCS = 1
(Very poor)
5 points scale BCS
Bones of pelvic (Hooks & Pins)
and short ribs sharp and easily felt
No fatty tissue in pelvic or loin area.
Deep depression in loin
Deep cavity around tail head.
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Shallow cavity around tail head with
some fatty tissue lining it and covering
the pin bones
5 points scale BCS
End of short ribs feel rounded
and upper surfaces can be felt with
slight pressure
BCS = 2
(Poor)
Depression visible in loin area
Bones of pelvic easily felt
5POINTSSCALE
BCS
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No cavity around tail head and fatty
5 points scale BCS
BCS = 3
(Good)
Bones of pelvic easily felt with slight
pressure
Thick layer of tissue covering top of
short ribs which still be felt with pressure
Slight depression visible in loin area
5POINTSSCALE
BCS
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Fold of fatty tissue are seen around tail
5 points scale BCS
5POINTSSCALE
BCS
BCS = 4(Fat)
Pelvic bone can be felt with firm pressure Patches of fat covering pin bones
No depression in loin area
Short ribs can no longer be felt
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Tail head is buried in thick layer of fatty tissue
5 points scale BCS
5POINTSSCALE
BCS
Pelvic bone can not be felt even with firm
pressure
Short ribs covered with thick layer of fatty
tissue
No depression in loin area
BCS = 5(extremely fat)
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SCORING STEPS
of BCS
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H
P
HP
H
P
HP
STEPS
INBCS
If the angle between Hooks (H) & Pins (P) is angular,V-Angle; this cow will fall into group BCS 3
If the angle is rounded, U-Angle,
the cow will fall into group BCS > 3
Step 1:Divide into 2 groups by
looking at angle
between Hooks (H)
& Pins (P)
Group 1 = BCS 3
Group 2 = BCS > 3
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The first decision is very important & can be a
little difficult, here are a few more examples.
Remember to look at the angle between
Hooks & Pins!
PracticeSTEPS
INBCS
Hooks
Pins
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STEPS
INBCS(PRACTICE
1)
Looked at each cow and try to guess the right score (1).
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STEPS
INBCS(PRACTICE
2)
Looked at each cow and try to guess the right score (2).
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STEPS
INBCS
Step 2:Determine the score for cows
which BCS 3 (Group 1)
Rounded Hooks
Angular Hooks Pins visibly padded
Angular Pin Palpable fat padon pins
Short ribs visible butstill padded
Short ribs visible andless padded
BCS = 3.0
BCS = 2.75
BCS = 2.0
BCS = 2.25
If the angle is angular, V-Angle;
this cow will fall into group BCS 3
Now let's refine the score of 3 byevaluation of the Pads of Hooks, Pinsand Short Ribs
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STEPS
INBCS
Step 3:Determine the score for cows
which BCS > 3 (group 2)
Sacral and tailhead
ligament visible
BCS = 3.25
BCS = 3.50
Tailhead ligament
partly covered in fat
BCS = 4.0
Neither ligament easily
seen
Neither ligament visible
BCS = 3.75
Now let's refine the score of "over 3," byevaluation of the TAILHEAD and SACRALLIGAMENTS.
The tailhead ligament is found betweenthe tailhead and the pins.
The sacral ligament is found between thespine and the hooks.
The visibility of these ligaments will helpus to score cows with more condition.
If the angle is rounded, U-Angle,
the cow will fall into group BCS > 3
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Hooks, pins, & thurl
prominent
Tailhead area
somewhat hollow,
but has modestcovering of flesh
BCS 2.0
Angular angle
between Hooks &
pins
Rounded Hooks &
pins
BCS 3.0
STEPS
INBCS(PRACTICE
3)
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The hooks & pins are
angular, prominent &
not well padded
Tail head not padded
Sacral and tail Ligamentsare visible
BCS < 2.0
Hooks & pins rounded,and well padded
Rump and thurl flat Sacral and tailhead
ligaments not visible
BCS 4.0
STEPS
INBCS(PRACTICE
4)
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DISCUSSION
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The BCS in relation to Milk Production, Dry Matter
Intake, Body Fat & Fetal Development
DISCUS
SION
27Source: Elanco.com
Drying offEarly lactation Late lactationMid lactation
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Target Body Condition Score
Cows at calving
Recommended body score is 3.25 to 3.75.
This to allow the cow to calve with adequate but not excessive body fat reserves.
If body score is < 3.25
Cows calving too thin may not peak as well as they potentially can. Body condition
score below 3 is an indication that the cow has not received enough energy
supply during late lactation and / or dry period.
If body score is > 3.75
Can cause rapid and / or excessive body weight losses which can increase theincidence of metabolic disorders (e.g. ketosis, milk fever) after calving. Body
condition score above 4 is an indication that energy intake was high during late
lactation and / or dry period.
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DISCUS
SION
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Early-lactation
Recommended BCS in early-lactation is 2.5 to 3.0
Following parturition, cows will loose body condition (weight) because the cows
dry matter intake does not match energy requirements for milk production. Cows
may loose up to 1 kg per day during the first 60-90 days of lactation.
Body condition score of high producing cows may drop to 2.5 during early lactation
due to mobilization of body fat reserves. This might not be a problem. However a
BCS of > 2.0 for cows that are not high producers is an indication of low energy
intake.
If cows have good BCS with low production, check for inadequate intakes of
protein, minerals and water.
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DISCUS
SION
Target Body Condition Score
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Mid-Lactation
Recommeneded score in mid-lactation is 2.7 - 3.0. Score below 2.75 indicates
that cows are not receiving adequate energy. Check early lactation rations
because problems usually begin there. For score above 3.0 reduce energy intake
to avoid over conditioning.
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DISCUS
SION
Target Body Condition Score
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Late-lactation
Recommened score in late-lactation is 3.0 3.75.
The objectives are to prepare the cow for next lactation and to avoid
overconditioning. This is the most important time to prepare for how the cow will
score at drying-off.
It is the easiest and least risky to adjust the BCS during this period. This is because
the cow uses her feed more efficiently while milking than when dry. Thus it is less
expensive to put weight into a thin cow.
Body condition score below 3.25 at dry-off means cows are not receiving adequate
energy. Check to make sure that cows in early- and mid-lactation are receiving enough
energy.
If the BCS is above 3.75 at dry-off, reduce energy intake during late lactation.
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DISCUS
SION
Target Body Condition Score
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Dry period
Recommended score in the dry period is 3.25 to 3.75.
The BCS of the cow should not change considerably during this period. This is
because a 2-month dry period is not long enough to considerably change BCS.
Nutritional objective is to feed low energy diet that provides adequate but not
excessive amount of protein, minerals and vitamins.
If BCS is below 3.25, increase energy content of late lactation rations as body
reserves has to be replaced at that time.
If BCS is above 3.75, reduce energy intake of the dairy cow while maintainingadequate protein intake. Also reduce energy density of the late lactation cows as
the problem may have started there.
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DISCUS
SION
Target Body Condition Score
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Heifers
Recommended body condition score for heifers is 2.5 to 3.5.
If heifers are allowed to become very thin (BCS < 2.5), they will not grow properly
and may have reproductive problems later on.
A BCS > 3.5 has been found to be associated with greater fat infiltration in the
mammary glands of heifers at puberty. Thus heifers will not produce to their full
genetic potential.
First lactation heifers should calve with a BCS between 3.5 and 4.0 as heifer mightencounter a negative energy balance plus support growth.
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DISCUS
SION
Target Body Condition Score
ID
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DEALB
ODYCON
DITION
S
CORES
Stage of Lactation Score
Drying off 3.25 - 3.75
Calving (older cows) 3.25 - 3.75
Calving (first lactation) 3.5 - 4.0
Early Lactation 2.5 - 3.0
Mid lactation 2.75 - 3.0 Late lactation 3.0 - 3.75
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Ranges of Ideal Body ConditionScores
S
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UMMA
RY Body condition scoring is an essential & useful
management tool for dairy producers to manage the
nutrition of their herd. In turn, this improvement in
nutritional status should improve milk production of
the cow as well as reproductive performance andhealth of the animals. Thus increase the profits of
the farmer
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Summary
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Thank You
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