BC425-Enhancements and Modifications

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BC425BC425BC425Enhancements andModificationsEnhancements andEnhancements andModificationsModifications

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ABAP WorkbenchLevel 3

BC420 2 daysInterface Programmingfor Data Transfer

BC430 2 daysABAP Dictionary

BC405 5 daysTechniques of List Processing

BC410 5 daysTransaction Processing

BC415 3 daysCommunication Interface Programmingin ABAP

BC460 3 daysSAPscript: FormsDesign and TextManagement in R/3

BC425 2 daysEnhancements andModifications

BC440 5 daysDeveloping Internet Application Components(IAC)

BC411 5 daysAdvanced ABAPProgramming

Level 2

BC400 5 daysABAP WorkbenchBasics

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Course Overview Diagram

R/3R/3 Business BusinessApplicationsApplications

((The SAPThe SAP Standard) Standard)

CustomerCustomerProgramsPrograms

CustomerCustomerDevelopmentDevelopmentEnhancementEnhancementModificationModification

22

33

44

55

With referencesto SAP objects

Withoutreferences to SAPobjects

Hard-CodedModifications

ABAP DictionaryTable enhancements

Field exitsText enhancements

Customer ExitsFunction module exits

Menu exitsScreen exits

BusinessTransaction Events

User Exits

S A P A G

R

C h a n g e L e v e l s

R / 3R / 3 B u s i n e s s B u s i n e s sA p p l i c a t i o n sA p p l i c a t i o n s

( S A P S t a n d a r d )( S A P S t a n d a r d )

C u s t o m e rC u s t o m e rP r o g r a m sP r o g r a m s

C u s t o m e rC u s t o m e rD e v e l o p m e n tD e v e l o p m e n tE n h a n c e m e n t sE n h a n c e m e n t sM o d i f i c a t i o n sM o d i f i c a t i o n sC u s t o m i z i n gC u s t o m i z i n g

B u s i n e s sE n g i n e e r

A B A PW o r k b e n c h

P e r s o n a l i z a t i o nP e r s o n a l i z a t i o n

S A P A G

R

D e c i d i n g W h a t K i n d o f C h a n g e s t o M a k e

M o d i f i c a t i o nC u s t . d e v . w i t h S A P p r o g r a m s a s e x a m p l e s

N o

N o

Y e s

D o s i m i l a r f u n c t i o n s e x i s t i n t h e S A P s t a n d a r d ?

N o

D o e s t h e S A P a p p l i c a t i o n a l l o w y o u t o a d d a d d i t i o n a l f u n c t i o n s u s i n g e n h a n c e m e n t s ?

Y e s

E n h a n c e m e n t / U s e r E x i t

A r e t h e r e s t a n d a r d f u n c t i o n s t h a tc a n b e a d j u s t e d t o f u l f i l l t h e c u s t o m e r ’ s n e e d s

u s i n g C u s t o m i z i n g o r p e r s o n a l i z a t i o n ?

Y e s

C u s t o m i z i n gP e r s o n a l i z a t i o n

N o

C u s t o m e r D e v e l o p m e n tC S P S o l u t i o n

Cu

sto

miz

ing

Cu

sto

miz

ing

De

ve

lop

me

nt

De

ve

lop

me

nt

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Change Levels in the ABAP Workbench

R/3 BusinessR/3 BusinessApplicationsApplications

(The SAP Standard)(The SAP Standard)

CustomerCustomerProgramsPrograms

CustomerCustomerDevelopmentDevelopmentEnhancementsEnhancementsModificationModification

Hard-CodedModifications

With referencesto SAP objects

Withoutreferences toSAP objects

User Exits

ABAP Dictionary

Table enhancementsField exitsText enhancements

Customer Exits

Function module exitsMenu exitsScreen exits

BusinessTransaction Events

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Customer Exits: Overview

PROGRAM ... ....

CALL CUSTOMER-FUNCTION ...

...

Function module exitsFunction module exits (Customer functions)(Customer functions)

Function module

ABAP

Menu#1 Menu#2 Menu#3 System Help

SAP R/3

Field y

Field zScreen exitsScreen exits

(Customer fields)(Customer fields)

Menu exitsMenu exits(Customer functions)(Customer functions)

Function 1Function 2Function 3

Function 4Customer functionCustomer function

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Implementing Customer Exits

CALL CUSTOMER-FUNCTION ...

Function Description

+ CUS <menu_entry> . . . . . .

Function module exit

Menu exit

ABAP

Menu Painter

Screen Painter

CALL CUSTOMER-SUBSCREEN...

Screen exit

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Customer Exits: SAP and the Customer

SAP Customer

Function module exitsAdministration

InterfacesDocumentation

Function modulecode

Customer screens

Menu exitsFunction codes Text

Screen exitsSubscreen areasFlow logic

SubscreensFunction module code

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System HelpSAP R/3SAP R/3

Field


Field


Field

Field Exits

Function moduleData elementData elementField exitField exit

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SAP Customer

Field exitsData element Function module

Field Exits: SAP and the Customer

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Table Enhancements

Field 1 Field 2 Field 3 FieldField A A FieldField B B

ABAP Dictionary

Append structureField BField AField 1 Field 2 Field 3

SAP table

Database

Customer fields

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Text Enhancements


Customer keyword

Text enhancementsText enhancements

DocumentationDocumentationSAP:SAP:..........Customer :Customer :..........

??

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Text Enhancements: SAP and the Customer

SAPSAP CustomerCustomer

Data elementsSAP documentation

Data elements

Adds own documentation to

SAP documentation

SAP keyword Customer keyword

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User Exits

PROGRAM ... ....

PERFORM user_exit_<name>.

...

SAP program*INCLUDE ......

FORM user_exit_<name>.*example code...ENDFORM....

Include for user exits

User exitUser exit (Customer function)(Customer function)

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Modifications

PROGRAM ... ....

*Original source code...........*Code changed or added by the customer...*Original source code.....

ABAP

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Evaluating ABAP Development Projects

Implementation costs

Consequences

System performance

An increased numberof adjustments

are greater than with Customizing.

... can be affected negatively.

... become necessary at upgrade.

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Summary

You can enhance your R/3 system using Customizing,enhancements, customer developments, andmodifications.

If not all of the business processes that you want can beadded to your system during Customizing, use ABAPdevelopment projects are to expand your system’sfunctionality.

Function module exits, screen exits, menu exits, andfield exits all allow you to enhance programs.

Function module exits, screen exits, and menu exitshave to be planned and created by SAP programmers.

You should avoid making modifications to the SAPstandard since this makes additional adjustmentnecessary at upgrade.

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What are modifications?

Customer R/3 System

SAP object

ModifiedSAP object

Change (with ABAP Workbench tools)

Domains, data elements,tables, ABAP programs,screens, interfaces, ...

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Registering Modifications in SSCR

Customersystem

R/3 OSS

System HelpRepository Browser:Repository Browser: Initial ScreenInitial Screen

program_nameProgram

Object list

R

System HelpRegister objectRegister object

Please enter the key for object ... :

System HelpOSS:OSS: SAP Object RegistrationSAP Object Registration

Key

R3TRPgmID/OBJ/Name PROGprogram_name

07319180563614231463

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C a r r y i n g O u t a R e g i s t e r e d M o d i f i c a t i o n

A s s i g n o b j e c t t o a c h a n g e r e q u e s t

C h a n g e S A P o b j e c tS p e r r e

A d m i n i s t r a t o r

I m p o r t

T r a n s p o r td i r e c t o r y

A u t o m a t i c a s s i g n m e n t t o a t a s k

R e l e a s e c h a n g e r e q u e s t

R e l e a s e t a s k

E x p o r t

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Modifications: Critical Success Factors (1)

REPORT sapabap.IF sy-tabix = 1.*#SD_001...#Insertion count = count + 1. LOOP AT tab WHERE f1 < 10. .... ENDLOOP.ENDIF.

REPORT sapabap.IF sy-tabix = 1.*#SD_001...#Insertion CALL FUNCTION 'ZFM' CHANGING counter = count TABLES itab = tab.ENDIF.

Insertion

Encapsulation

FUNCTION zfm. counter = counter + 1. LOOP AT itab WHERE f1 < 10. .... ENDLOOP.ENDFUNCTION.

• Encapsulation instead of insertion

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Use narrow interfaces during encapsulation

Standardize your modification documentation

Log all modifications

Confirm and release all repairs, as well as allrequests that contain repairs

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Do not modify any ABAP Dictionary objects thatbelong to the core of your system (Basis Dictionaryobjects).

Only make changes to Basis Dictionary objects if toldto do so in an OSS note or by somebody from the SAPHotline.

Do not create any additional function modules in SAPfunction groups (prior to Release 4.5A)

Do not delete source code - comment it out instead

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Modification Adjustment: SPDD and SPAU

SAP standard

Customerversion

Revert to SAP standard

Adjustment

Transactions:SPDDSPAU

Compare

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Modification Adjustment: Objects

SPDD

Domains

Data elements

Tables

ABAP programs

Interfaces

Screens

Matchcode objects

Views

Lock objects

SPAU

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The amount of work necessary at upgradeincreases...

Modified Repository objects create a significant amount of additional work at upgrade.

With the number of SAP objects thatyour ABAP development projectsdepend on

Every time SAP changes the objectsthat you call or have modified

With the importance of the SAPobjects you have modified.

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User Exits

Type of enhancements used in SD

Consist of empty subroutines (FORM routines) inspecial includes

SAP never alters these includes ever

Include names must satisfy a special namingconvention

The use of user exits is technically consideredmodification

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User Exits: An Example

***INCLUDE MV45AFZB .

************************************************************* This include is reserved for user modifications ** Forms for sales document processing ** The name of modification modules should begin with 'ZZ'. ***************************************************************&----------------------------------------------------------------**& Form USEREXIT_FILL_VBAP_FROM_HVBAP*&----------------------------------------------------------------** This user exit can be used to fill additional data into ** VBAP from the main item (HVBAP), that is, this user exit ** is called when an item is entered with reference to a main** item. This form is called from form VBAP_FUELLEN_HVBAP. **-----------------------------------------------------------------*FORM userexit_fill_vbap_from_hvbap.* VBAP-zzfield = HVBAP-zzfield2.ENDFORM.

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Using User Exits

Look in the SAP Reference Implementation Guide forwhere to use user exits.

Read the relevant documentation

Follow the steps described in the documentation

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Append Structures

Append structure

FieldField B BFieldField A A

Field 1 Field 2 Field 3 FieldField A A FieldField B B

Table

Field 1 Field 2 Field 3

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Field 1 Field 2 Field 3 FieldField A A FieldField B B Field 4

Append Structures at Upgrade

Append structure


Table

New SAP versionis imported

Activation

Field is appendedin the database

Field 1 Field 2 Field 3 Field 4

Field 1 Field 2 Field 3 FieldField 4 4

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Customizing Includes

Customizing include


Table A

Field LField M Field NCI_InclCI_Incl

Table B

Customizing transactionCustomizing transactionor SAP enhancementor SAP enhancement

Field 1 Field 2 Field 3CI_InclCI_Incl

Field L Field M Field N FieldField A A FieldField B BField 1 Field 2 Field 3 FieldField A A FieldField B B

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Global Enhancements

SAP Customer

Definesdata elements

Documentsdata elements

Defines global enhancements

Creates field exits

Changes keywordsand short texts

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Field Exits

EntryEntryEntry

Function module

Obligatoryfield checksObligatoryObligatory

field checksfield checks

Field formatchecks and

field transport

Field formatField formatchecks andchecks and

field transportfield transport

Foreignkey checks

ForeignForeignkey checkskey checks


Field 1

Field 2

ABAP Dictionary

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Global and Local Field Exits

System HelpProgram oneProgram one

Field 1

Field 2

System HelpProgram twoProgram two

Field 1

Field 2

System HelpProgram threeProgram three

Field 1

Field 2

Data elementDTEL

FIELD_EXIT_DTEL

Data elementLOCTEL

FIELD_EXIT_LOCTEL_1

FIELD_EXIT_LOCTEL_2

FIELD_EXIT_LOCTEL_3

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Creating Field Exits

Global enhancements11

Create field exit22

Create function module44

Field exit for data element ...?33

Activate function module66

Assign program/screen(for local field exits only)

77

Activate field exit88

Edit function module55

System HelpFunction BuilderFunction Builder

FIELD_EXIT_DTELFunction module

System HelpFunction module:Function module: InterfaceInterface

INPUTImport parameter

OUTPUTExport parameter

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Text Enhancements

SAP Customer

SAP documentationSAP documentation..............................


SAP keyword

??SAP documentationSAP documentation....................CustomerCustomer documentationdocumentation..........


Customer keyword

??

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Keywords

SAP Customer

Defines data elements

Keyword

short:medium:long:Header:Short text (F1):

Definesglobal

enhancements

Keyword

short:medium:long:Header:Short text (F1):

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Summary: Text Enhancements

CustomerCustomerkeywordskeywords

Customer Customer short texts andshort texts and

customercustomerdocumentationdocumentation


SAP keyword

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Summary

Table enhancements allow you to add your ownfields to SAP tables without having to modify yoursystem

You can enhance the functionality of specificscreen fields by using field exits

Text enhancements allow you to replace SAPkeywords with your own keywords

You can also enhance your documentation anddesign your own help topics

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SAP Enhancements and Customer Enhancement Projects

SAP Customer

K

K

KK

K

E

K

KK

K

E

E

E

P

E

E

P

K EComponent SAP enhancement P Customer enhancement project

K E

K

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Implementing Enhancements in Customer Systems

Put together an Put together an enhancement project enhancement project

using SAP enhancementsusing SAP enhancements

Edit the enhancement Edit the enhancement project’s componentsproject’s components

Document the Document the enhancement project enhancement project

Function modules

Menu entries

Subscreens

Customer documentation:

EE

E

P

Activate theActivate theenhancement projectenhancement project ActivationActivation

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Creating Customer Enhancement Projects

CreateCreate

SaveSave

System Help

Project ManagementProject Management

Project

System Help

AttributesAttributes

Descript.

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Assigning SAP Enhancements to Customer Projects

Change SAPChange SAPenhancementsenhancements

SaveSave

System Help


Project

System HelpSAP ESAP Enhancementsnhancements

SAP Enhancements

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Calling and Creating Function Modules

PROGRAM <program_name>. . . .CALL CUSTOMER-FUNCTION '001'. . . .

FUNCTION-POOL SAPLX<name>....

FUNCTION exit_<program_name>_001....

ENDFUNCTION.

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Organization of an X Function Group

SAP CustomerINCLUDE INCLUDE LXaaaTOPLXaaaTOP..INCLUDE INCLUDE LXaaaUXXLXaaaUXX..INCLUDE INCLUDE LXaaaF00LXaaaF00..INCLUDE INCLUDE ZXaaaZZZZXaaaZZZ..

*INCLUDE ZXaaaZZZ.<customer subroutines (FORM )

and modules (MODULE )>

INCLUDE INCLUDE LXaaaU01LXaaaU01..INCLUDE INCLUDE LXaaaU02LXaaaU02..

FUNCTION FUNCTION exit_<exit_<program_nameprogram_name>_001.>_001....... INCLUDE INCLUDE ZXaaaU01ZXaaaU01........

ENDFUNCTION.ENDFUNCTION.

*INCLUDE ZXaaaU01.<customer source code>

FUNCTION-POOLFUNCTION-POOL SAPLXaaaSAPLXaaa.. INCLUDEINCLUDE LXaaaTAP.LXaaaTAP. INCLUDEINCLUDE ZXaaaTOP.ZXaaaTOP.

*INCLUDE ZXaaaTOP.<global customer data definitions>

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Customer Screens

SAP

INCLUDE LXINCLUDE LX aaa aaa TOP. TOP.INCLUDE LXINCLUDE LX aaa aaa UXX. UXX.INCLUDE ZXINCLUDE ZX aaa aaa ZZZ. ZZZ.

CustomerFUNCTION FUNCTION exit_<exit_<program nameprogram name>_001.>_001....... INCLUDEINCLUDE ZXaaaU01ZXaaaU01........

ENDFUNCTION.ENDFUNCTION.

*INCLUDE ZXaaaU01....CALL SCREEN <screen> STARTING AT ....

*INCLUDE ZXaaaZZZ.INCLUDE ZXaaaO01.INCLUDE ZXaaaO02....INCLUDE ZXaaaI01.

*INCLUDE ZXaaaO01.MODULE ... OUTPUT....ENDMODULE.

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Graphical user Graphical user interfaceinterface

Summary: Function Module Exits

ProcessingProcessinglogiclogic

Text elementsText elements

AdditionalAdditionalprocessingprocessing

logiclogic


SAPapplication


Customerscreens

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Menu Exits

SAP Customer


SAP R/3


Customer functionCustomer function


SAP R/3


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Assigning SAP Enhancements to Customer Projects

System Help

Project Management

Project

System HelpMenu TextMenu Text

New text

ChangeChangecomponentscomponents

Edit Edit componentscomponents

System Help

Project Management

Menu exit

SAPMabbc+fc1

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PROGRAM <program_name>.DATA ok_code LIKE sy-ucomm. ...... CASE ok_code. WHEN 'DISP'....... WHEN '+CU1'. CALL CUSTOMER-FUNCTION '001' EXPORTING ...... IMPORTING ............ ENDCASE.

Menu Exits and Function Module Exits

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Screen Exits

SAP Customer

Field 1

Field 2

Field 1

Field 2

Field x

Field y

Field z

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Subscreens in the R/3 System

P. O. box

Fax no.

Name

Phone no.

System HelpSAP R/3

Last name

abcd

System HelpSAP R/3

Last name Meyer

abcdName Klaus

Phone no. 45678

System HelpSAP R/3

Last name Meyer

abcdP. O. box 11334

Fax no. 67890

200

300 300

200

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Calling Subscreens

Main screen flow control

PROCESS BEFORE OUTPUT. CALL SUBSCREEN abcd INCLUDING sy-cprog '0100'. ...

PROCESS AFTER INPUT. CALL SUBSCREEN abcd. ... MODULE ok_code_processing.

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Defining Screen Exits

PROCESS BEFORE OUTPUT....CALL CUSTOMER-SUBSCREEN abcd INCLUDING 'SAPLXYYZ' '0444'....

Program:Program: SAPLXyyz SAPLXyyzScreen:Screen: 04440444

Customer field 1

Customer field 2

System HelpSAP R/3

Subscreen areaSubscreen areaabcdabcd

Program:Program: SAPMabbc SAPMabbcScreen:Screen: 1234 1234

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SAP Customer

Program:Program: SAPMabbc SAPMabbc Screen:Screen: .... ....

PROCESS BEFORE OUTPUT.PROCESS BEFORE OUTPUT.......CALL CUSTOMERCALL CUSTOMER-SUBSCREEN -SUBSCREEN abcdabcd INCLUDINGINCLUDING 'SAPLXYYZ''SAPLXYYZ' '0444''0444'........PROCESS AFTER INPUT.PROCESS AFTER INPUT.......CALL CUSTOMER-SUBSCREEN CALL CUSTOMER-SUBSCREEN abcd.abcd.

PROCESS BEFORE OUTPUT.

PROCESS AFTER INPUT.

Calling Customer Subscreens

Program: SAPLXyyz Screen: 0444

System HelpSAP R/3

Subscreen areaSubscreen areaabcdabcd

Field y

Field z

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Editing Subscreens (1)

Change Change componentscomponents

EditEditcomponentscomponents

System Help


Project

System Help


Screen exit

SAPMabbc1234_abcd_SAPLXyyz 0444

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System HilfeScreen PainterScreen Painter

System HilfeScreen PainterScreen Painter

Editing Subscreens (2)

**INCLUDEINCLUDE ZXyyzO01ZXyyzO01.. MODULE a OUTPUT MODULE a OUTPUT........

Choose object

Edit components

Create Create screen?screen?

No Yes

System HelpScreen attributesScreen attributes

Screen type

Subscreen

System HelpScreen PainterScreen Painter

* SAPLXyyz Dynpro 0444PROCESS BEFORE OUTPUT. MODULE ....PROCESS AFTER INPUT. MODULE m.

a

Does Does screen screen exist?exist?

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Summary: Screen Exits

Data transfer

Customerprocessing

CustomerCustomersubscreensubscreen

Interface

System HelpSAP R/3

Subscreen area

BC425-Enhancements and Modifications

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