BBC VOICES RECORDINGS - Sounds€¦ · kit of tools tool-kit (suggested by interviewer); ... insane...

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BBC VOICES RECORDINGS http://sounds.bl.uk

Title:

Clun, Shropshire

Shelfmark:

C1190/29/01

Recording date:

14.03.2005

Speakers:

Davies, Nathan Thomas, b. 1985 Knighton, Powys; male; farmer (father b. Clun, plumber; mother

b. Knighton, bank clerk & housewife)

Davies, Ryan, b. 1981 Knighton, Powys; male; export adviser to farming community (father b.

Clun, plumber; mother b. Knighton, bank clerk & housewife)

Davies, Wayne, b. 1980 Knighton, Powys; male; civil servant (father b. Clun, plumber; mother b.

Knighton, bank clerk & housewife)

Matthews, Kate, b. 1982 Knighton, Powys; female; part-time farming supplier (father b. Knighton,

farmer & farming supplier; mother b. Llandridod Wells, family business administrator)

Emma, b. 1988 Clun; female; student (father b. Newton, Powys, welder; mother b. Bishops Castle,

pharmacist)

The interviewees are all active members of Clun Valley Young Farmers.

ELICITED LEXIS

pleased chuffed; well chuffed; pleased; well pleased; “it be all right for a fiver”⌂ (idiolectal)

tired knackered; run-down; worn-out; fucked (pronounced “fucked” [fuːkt] in imitation of

‘Bo’ Selecta!’1)

unwell ill; “I feel like shit”♦; under par; crap (“feeling crap”); bad; bollocks

⌂

hot a bit phwoar⌂ (“phwoar, it’s hot” of weather); boiled; boiling; sweltering; scorched;

burning up; “Christ, it’s hot in here”

1 British comedy sketch show written and performed by Leigh Francis (b.1973) and first broadcast on Channel 4 2002-

2004.

○ see English Dialect Dictionary (1898-1905)

* see Survey of English Dialects Basic Material (1962-1971)

∆ see New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English (2006)

◊ see Green’s Dictionary of Slang (2010)

♥ see Dictionary of Contemporary Slang (2014)

♦ see Urban Dictionary (online)

⌂ no previous source (with this sense) identified


BBC Voices Recordings

cold nippy (“it’s a bit nippy in here”); freezing; cold (“by Jilly Jangles,2 it’s cold

[kæʊd]” learnt from neighbour, “by gum, it’s cold [kæʊd]”); nesh (of being

sensitive to cold); clemmed (suggested by interviewer, heard used for ‘to starve’)

annoyed pissed off; peed off; angry (suggested by interviewer); crousty○ (used locally);

waspy○

throw chuck (also used for ‘to vomit’); lobbed; whang (“welly whanging”); launch; lob

play truant skive; doss◊ (suggested by interviewer, used); wag the day; “gone to the King’s

Head” (i.e. local pub, used when at college)

sleep sleeping; a lie-down; sleep; doze (“dozy git” used of sleepy/lethargic person); kip

(“going for a quick kip”), cat-nap, nap, snooze (of short sleep)

play a game lark around (“having a bit of a lark”); arsing around (of “generally making a tit of

yourself”); play; arse around (of being silly)

hit hard pound (pronounced “pound” [pʊn] locally and used of person/object, e.g.

“pounder” [pʊnə] is implement used to knock in fencing post); thump; whack;

smack; jack◊

clothes clothes; glad rags (“glad rags day” used at Bishop’s Castle School of ‘mufti day’);

kit; clobber, togs (heard used); clout (“don’t cast a clout until May is out” used by

mother)

trousers trousers; jeans; kegs♥ (also used in Yorkshire, “get your kegs off”

∆3); pants (used by

Americans); trews (heard used)

child’s shoe daps; pumps; trainers; plimsolls

mother mum; the old girl (of mother); Mother Hubbard⌂ (to mother to “annoy her”, disliked

by mother); her indoors (of mother to colleagues); mother (used to attract mother’s

attention, disliked by mother)

gmother nan; anny⌂ (idiolectal, childhood pronunciation of granny used by cousin and

subsequently adopted within family); granny; gran

m partner bloke∆; boyfriend; fella (“my fella” common locally); mate

friend surry○ (used as form of address “how be you, surry?”)

gfather gag⌂ (idiolectal, used since childhood); grandsire (pronounced “grandsire”

[gɹandsə], thought to be more common in Radnorshire); grandad; grandy○ (used by

friend); taid* (used by Welsh speakers, not heard locally)

forgot name oojahmecooah⌂ [uːdʒimɪkuːdʒi]; thingabob

◊ [θɪŋibɒb]; what’s-his-name; what’s-

his-face; thingy; thingymajig♦ [θɪŋimiʤɪg, θɪŋimiʤɪgi]; you (“OK, you/oi you” to

person); you know (accompanied by clicking fingers)

kit of tools tool-kit (suggested by interviewer); tack (“my tack” of e.g. ‘cooking utensils’); stuff

(“my stuff” of e.g. ‘ make-up’); tackle (also used of ‘male genitalia’); kit (also used

for ‘clothes’ “get your kit off”∆); tool-box

trendy chav; townies

f partner missus (common locally); bird; girlfriend; woman (“the old woman” [ði aʊl ʊmən]);

better half

baby (not discussed)

2 Green’s Dictionary of Slang (2010) records ‘jilly’ as ‘euphemism for bloody’ but not ‘by Jilly Jangles’.

3 New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English (2006) includes ‘get your kit off’ in this sense.



rain heavily pouring down (common locally); pissing down; heavy rain; pouring; tipping down♦,

tipping it down♦ (most common locally); raining cats and dogs (suggested by

interviewer, not used)

toilet toilet; loo; bog; pisser, shitter (used by males); off for a wazz (of ‘going to toilet to

urinate’); “I’m going off to shake the lettuce”♦ (heard used by female friend of

‘going to toilet to urinate’); “I’m going for a leak”, “shake hands with the

unemployed”∆ (used by males of ‘going to toilet to urinate’)

walkway bing⌂ (also used of ‘gangway’

* in cow-shed, used to farmers); path; alleyway; alley

long seat sofa; settee

run water stream; brook

main room lounge; kitchen; front room

rain lightly drizzle; mizzle; mizzling; drizzling; piddle∆

rich loaded; minted; in the money; flush (suggested by interviewer, used); bastard⌂

(“lucky bastard” suggested jokingly)

left-handed (not discussed)

unattractive a dog; a minger, minging (of male/female, “her’s a minger/her’s minging”); ugly as

fuck (pronounced “ugly as fuck” [ʌgli əz fuːk], learnt from friend); feral (“feral

bastard” used by friend); munter∆ (of female); munchkin

⌂ (reference to ‘The Wizard

of Oz’4); face like a slapped ass

∆ (common locally)

lack money skint; short of cash

drunk pissed; fucked (pronounced “fucked” [fuːkt]); trolleyed; hammered∆; wasted; pissed

up; bollocksed (of extreme drunkenness); rat-arsed; sloshed; Nathan⌂ (i.e. name of

contributor, suggested jokingly)

pregnant up the duff; pregnant; bun in the oven; having a baby; preggers; expecting; in-lamb,

in-calf, in pup (of animals, “her’d be calving/pupping”, “her’s in pup/in-lamb” also

used jokingly of pregnant woman); “she’s for death row”⌂ (heard used)

attractive tidy; bit of all right (“her’s a bit of all right”); smart; fit (current); “I’d give her

one”∆5

; good-looking; “she’d be all right for a fiver”⌂ (idiolectal)

insane crazy; dizzy; mad; mentalist (learnt from Alan Partridge6); wrong in the yud

7

moody stroppy; canky○ (“he or her’s in a cank”); in a mood; got a strop on; a miserable old

git/cow; crousty○; waspy

○

SPONTANEOUS LEXIS

bad = great, excellent (0:10:53 mum wouldn’t know anything about what that meant (my mum

didn’t) and also a lot of these words like on Little Britain8 and things (‘wicked’) yeah (and ‘wicked’

and, like, stuff like) sometimes ‘bad’ can mean ‘good’ apparently and stuff like that (“shamone,

mofo”) (‘mofo’ my mum didn’t know what that was))

bing* = gangway in cow-shed (0:33:01 a ‘bing’ ( a ‘bing’?) ‘B’ ‘I’ ‘N’ ‘G’ (what’s that?) that’s a

place you walk up to feed the cattle, like, you know, it’s like a little walkway thing)

4 US musical fantasy film (1939) based on novel ‘The Wonderful Wizard of Oz’ (1900) by L. Frank Baum.

5 New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English (2006) records ‘give someone one’ in sense of ‘have

sex with’. 6 Fictional radio and TV presenter played by British comedian Steve Coogan (b.1965), first appearing on BBC Radio 4

satirical news show On The Hour 1991. 7 OED (online edition) includes ‘yud’ as dialect variant of ‘head’ and ‘not right in the head’ in this sense.

8 UK comedy sketch show, initially broadcast on Radio 4, and subsequently on BBC TV between 2003 and 2006.



bling bling = showy, ostentatious (0:34:35 if you’re a bit ‘bling bling’ you’ve got (bit ‘flash’) yeah

(bit ‘flash’))

bloody hell = exclamation expressing anger/pain/surprise (0:08:48 (anybody else want to share

what your favourite explanations are?) ‘bloody hell’ or ‘flipping heck’ (“by gum, it’s cold”))

bonkers = mad, insane (0:16:43 down in Cardiff today and you sort come and go and see your

colleagues, “how bist thee?” just out of (yeah) just to see what they do and they just look at you like

if you’re complete stark raving bonkers)

brummock○ = short-handled implement used to trim hedge (0:34:38 the one in uh Clun valley

another one’s a ‘brummock’ (what’s that) meaning uh like a hacker for hedging, you know, you’ve

got, like, a blade)

bugger = nuisance, so-and-so (0:36:31 (‘bun in the oven’) oh, you bugger they’re all nicking mine

now, yeah, or um I can’t think what it is there is another word I you’d better go on I’ll think)

by gum = by God, exclamation expressing surprise/disbelief (0:08:48 (anybody else want to share

what your favourite explanations are?) (‘bloody hell’ or ‘flipping heck’) “by gum, it’s cold”)

by Jilly Jangles⌂9

= exclamation expressing surprise/disbelief (0:08:19 “oh by Jilly Jangles, it’s

cold in here” or something like that, you know […] or, ‘by jumping Jack Daniels’ or whichever way

you, you know)

by jumping Jack Daniels⌂10

= exclamation expressing surprise/disbelief (0:08:19 “oh by Jilly

Jangles, it’s cold in here” or something like that, you know […] or, ‘by jumping Jack Daniels’ or

whichever way you, you know)

Christ = exclamation expressing anger/pain/surprise (0:07:36 I probably just say ‘boiling’ or, like,

“Christ, it’s hot in here” or something I don’t know)

chuck up∆ = to vomit (0:22:24 basically if you’re having a tactical chunder or a tactical spew after

ten pints or you feel you’re full you go outside s… chuck up chunder away and then carry on

drinking; 0:23:07 yeah, I’d probably say ‘spew’ or ‘chunder’ or ‘puked’ (OK) ‘chucked up’

“spewed your guts up”)

chuffing Nora∆ = exclamation expressing surprise/anger/disbelief (1:06:14 (Kate, have you got a

favourite word?) I haven’t really got a favourite one but ‘chuffed’ or, “chuffing Nora” or

something)

chunder = to vomit (0:22:24 basically if you’re having a tactical chunder or a tactical spew after




clem = to starve (0:09:18 if you you can ‘clem’ sheep if you put them on a field not much grass

that’s what we would say)

cofer○ = storage chest (0:33:35 (‘cofer’ I think that might be one) ‘cofer’ which is like a (sort of

metal metal chest) (‘chest’) yeah, chest thing to store medicines in or whatever)

dern○ = keen, eager, determined (0:15:24 another thing that I say that people don’t usually know,

like, people from school don’t even know is when I say I’m ‘dern’ to do something; 0:24:50 if you

weren’t very ‘dern’ you’d be a ‘dozy git’ I suppose, isn’t it, (if you weren’t what?) if you weren’t

‘dern’ you’d be a ‘dozy git’)

dick∆ = fool, idiot (1:02:17 I find I say ‘like’ after a lot of my sentences (yeah) when I can’t

remember something (that’s a Knighton thing, that is) like and I sound such a dick wally doing it)

doss = non-strenuous pastime (0:01:14 (what was it like those two years?) well it was all right um

bit of a doss but (college years are always meant to be a doss) yeah […] that’s right that’s right you

got to enjoy it when you’re young, haven’t you?)

9 Green’s Dictionary of Slang (2010) records ‘jilly’ as ‘euphemism for ‘bloody’’.

10 Green’s Dictionary of Slang (2010) records ‘by Jack’ in this sense.



dozy = lethargic, apathetic (0:24:50 if you weren’t very ‘dern’ you’d be a ‘dozy git’ I suppose, isn’t

it, (if you weren’t what?) if you weren’t ‘dern’ you’d be a ‘dozy git’)

feck = euphemism for ‘fuck’ used to express anger/surprise/disappointment (1:05:55 my altern…

good one is ‘fuck’ (oh, I knew you were gonna say that) or ‘feck’ […] ‘fuck’ or ‘feck’ and that can

that can sum up quite a bit)

fair do’s11

= phrase commonly used to express something is fair/reasonable/acceptable (0:58:44 no,

you’d sort of go into the White Horse and fair do’s you’ve got quite a mixture of people either from

the towns from the cities from the back of beyond and everyone sort of gets on and you sort of have

a bit of a jest with each other)

flash = showy, ostentatious (0:34:35 (f you’re a bit ‘bling bling’ you’ve got) bit ‘flash’ (yeah) bit

‘flash’)

flipping heck∆ = euphemism for ‘fucking hell’ (0:08:48 (anybody else want to share what your

favourite explanations are?) ‘bloody hell’ or ‘flipping heck’ (“by gum, it’s cold”))

gaga = mad, insane (0:45:28 if you go down to Cardiff and say to someone, “how beest thee?” they

just look at you like if you’re absolutely gaga)

git = useless/worthless person (0:24:50 if you weren’t very ‘dern’ you’d be a ‘dozy git’ I suppose,

isn’t it, (if you weren’t what?) if you weren’t ‘dern’ you’d be a ‘dozy git’)

glat○ = gap in hedge (0:33:23 ‘glat’ if you’re off to do a bit what do you say, “I’m off glatting” (a

‘glat’ is a gap in a hedge) it’s like a gap in a hedge so if you’re off glatting you’re filling the hole in

the hedge)

hacker○ = short-handled implement used to trim hedge (0:34:44 ‘hacker’s probably another as well

actually (yeah) a ‘hacker’s like a almost like a machete I suppose but you use it for hedging rather

than anything illegal)

hillbilly = country bumpkin, yokel (0:52:14 I’m I’m sure the North Shropshire lot sort of look down

on us we’re a little bit hillbilly)

I warrant = expression equivalent to ‘I’ll be bound’ (0:15:53 and I remembered one of my

grandparents used to say is, “I warrant” […] ‘I bet they do’ something like that)

Jilly Jangles⌂ = male genitalia (1:00:38 (‘tackle’?) (does that have another meaning?) (yes) it does

have another meaning, yeah, it means your um (‘meat and two veg’) your ‘Jilly Jangles’, like)

meat and two veg∆ = male genitalia (1:00:38 ‘tackle’? (does that have another meaning?) yes (it

does have another meaning, yeah, it means your um) ‘meat and two veg’ (your ‘Jilly Jangles’, like))

mofo = ‘motherfucker’, i.e. contemptible person (0:10:53 (mum wouldn’t know anything about what

that meant) my mum didn’t (and also a lot of these words like on Little Britain8 and things) ‘wicked’

(yeah) and ‘wicked’ and, like, stuff like (sometimes ‘bad’ can mean ‘good’ apparently and stuff like

that) (“shamone, mofo”) ‘mofo’ my mum didn’t know what that was)

nesh = sensitive/susceptible to cold (0:10:14 people’d say it to me quite a lot ’cause they think I’m

nesh (they think you’re nesh?) ’cause I’m always cold)

nick = to steal (0:27:03 uh ‘whack’ is another I was gonna say ‘pound’ but Wayne nicked it so

(yeah) (but ‘to whack’ you would say) yeah, ‘whack’ or ‘smack’ or ‘jack’; 0:36:31 (‘bun in the

oven’) oh, you bugger they’re all nicking mine now, yeah, or um I can’t think what it is there is

another word I you’d better go on I’ll think)

possum picker⌂12

= term of affection (0:28:34 it’s a shame she wasn’t here she was the one who

was supposed to be coming she’s broke her ankle (‘possum picker’) but she makes up loads of

sayings (‘possum picker’) like ‘possum picker’ is a term of affection (she ca…, yeah, she calls little,

like, the, like, the little the little ones in our club) (the young ones) (‘possum pickers’))

11

Cambridge Idioms Dictionary (2006) includes ‘fair do’s’ in this sense. 12

OED (online edition) records ‘possum’ as term of endearment; ‘purple possum picker’ was used by Australian

comedian Barry Humphries (b.1934) of device used to select contestants for TV game show ‘Dame Edna’s

Neighbourhood Watch’ broadcast on ITV 1992-1993 (see http://www.thetvdb.com/?tab=series&id=92991).



puke = to vomit (0:23:07 yeah, I’d probably say ‘spew’ or ‘chunder’ or ‘puked’ (OK) ‘chucked up’


random = peculiar, unexpected (0:12:06 we qu… I quite often say, “that’s a bit random” and they

don’t understand what that means)

real = very, really (0:19:11 (“it’s well good” I always say) (‘well good’ yeah) (‘well good’?) (yeah,

“that’s”) (if if a particular programme on TV was well good, is it, or) (yeah, or, “that’s well bad”)

(a game or) (“well bad news, that is”) (‘well bad’?) (yeah) (what’s that?) (well if it’s really bad

news) it’s ‘real bad’; 0:59:04 if you go in the pub everyone knows who you are and they all go, “hi,

Kate” and stuff it’s real friendly; 1:07:08 he’s a real good singer too (oh, singer as well?) (yeah)

yeah, got a real good high voice)

round the Wrekin♦ = the long way round, needlessly convoluted (0:14:28 I never really thought

that that’s what it meant you just say, “we went round the Wrekin” if you I dunno going the long

way round something or something like that)

shamone♦ = come on (0:10:53 (mum wouldn’t know anything about what that meant) (my mum didn’t)

(and also a lot of these words like on Little Britain8 and things) (‘wicked’) (yeah) (and ‘wicked’ and, like,

stuff like) (sometimes ‘bad’ can mean ‘good’ apparently and stuff like that) “come on, mofo” (‘mofo’ my

mum didn’t know what that was))

slang = long narrow strip of land (0:34:14 ‘slang’ is like a narrow bit in between two other bits I

suppose like a narrow thin field we call the ‘slang’ (right) and uh or it can mean another or an

alleyway sort of thing)

spew (up) = to vomit (0:22:24 basically if you’re having a tactical chunder or a tactical spew after




summat∆ = something (0:19:35 well if I was ‘pleased’ about summat I’d say, “it be all right for a

fiver”; 0:19:53 summat I conjured up when I was drunk, “it be all right for a fiver”)

surry○ = form of address (0:17:13 we’d say, “how beest thee?” “how bist thee, boy?” is the other

one (‘boy’, yeah) (‘boy’) (“hello, all right?”) “how beest thee, boy?” (‘boy’) (‘boy’) and ‘surry’

(‘surry, yeah, that’s a good one) “how be you, surry?” (oh ‘surry’) “surry, it’s cold” or whatever)

tactical♦ = intentional (0:22:24 basically if you’re having a tactical chunder or a tactical spew after


drinking)

take the pee/piss = to make fun of, poke fun at (0:59:21 ‘taking the piss’ ‘jesting’ you know it’s all

all these sort of terms; 1:02:30 and I also say someone was taking the pee out of me at work ’cause

I always say after ‘or something’)

tidling = orphaned lamb (0:32:20 I’ve alw… we’ve always called them ‘tidling’ in our place (yeah,

and we have) and when I went to college and said ‘tidling’ no one had a clue what I meant)

tit = idiot (0:25:37 but it it depends if you’re playing Monopoly13

obviously you’re not ‘arsing

around’ but if you’re jumping around and, you know, just ma… generally making a tit of yourself

you’re ‘arsing around’)

tump = hill, mound (0:31:55 a ‘molehill’s an ‘wanty tump’ is it […] ’cause a ‘tump’s, like, a ‘hill’)

wally = fool, idiot (1:02:17 I find I say ‘like’ after a lot of my sentences (yeah) when I can’t

remember something (that’s a Knighton thing, that is) like and I sound such a dick wally doing it)

want = mole (0:31:39 um a lot of agricultural words (yeah) like ‘want’ is a ‘mole’ […] you often

hear older people I wouldn’t really call them that but a lot of my gran would say ‘want’ meaning

‘mole’; 0:31:55 a ‘molehill’s an ‘wanty tump’ is it […] ’cause a ‘tump’s, like, a ‘hill’)

well = very, really (0:18:35 (Ryan is ‘chuffed’) or ‘well chuffed’ […] ‘well pleased’ I’d say; 0:19:11

“it’s well good” I always say (‘well good’ yeah) (‘well good’?) yeah, “that’s” (if if a particular

13

Popular board game published by Parker Brothers since 1934.



programme on TV was well good, is it, or) yeah, or, “that’s well bad” (a game or) “well bad news,

that is” (‘well bad’?) yeah (what’s that?) well if it’s really bad news (it’s ‘real bad’))

wicked = great, excellent (0:10:53 (mum wouldn’t know anything about what that meant) my mum

didn’t (and also a lot of these words like on Little Britain8 and things) ‘wicked’ (yeah) and ‘wicked’

and, like, stuff like (sometimes ‘bad’ can mean ‘good’ apparently and stuff like that) (“shamone,

mofo”) ‘mofo’ my mum didn’t know what that was)

ye14

= (erroneous) ironic archaic pronunciation of ‘the’ (0:33:55 the Welsh and the Irish language

are very similar like as in ye old Celtic)

PHONOLOGY

KIT [ɪ]

(0:02:52 I’m the international business advisor [ɪntənaʃnɫ̟ bɪznəs ədvʌɪzə] for Mid Wales [mɪd wɛɪɫz];

0:04:30 if you stick [stɪk] a fourteen-year-old on top of a hill [hɪɫ] what’ve they got to do (right) not much;

0:33:01 a ‘bing’ [bɪŋ] ( a ‘bing’?) ‘B’ ‘I’ ‘N’ ‘G’ (what’s that?) that’s a place you walk up to feed the

cattle, like, you know, it’s like a little [lɪdɫ̟] walkway thing [θɪŋ] 0:41:34 ‘heavy rain’s ‘pissing’ [pɪsɪn] and

light rain’s ‘piddle [pɪdɫ̟] that’s what I use it for anyway)

DRESS [ɛ]

(0:00:29 oh, last Friday um we did our entertainment [ɛnətɛɪnmənt] which was entitled ‘A Daydream’

which um all of us thirty Clun members [mɛmbəz] which we wrote and produced ourselves [əsɛɫvz];

0:33:35 (‘cofer’ I think that might be one) ‘cofer’ which is like a (sort of metal [mɛtɫ̟] metal [mɛtɫ̟] chest

[ʧɛst]) (‘chest’[ʧɛst]) yeah, chest [ʧɛst] thing to store medicines [mɛdsənz] in or whatever [wɒdɛvɚ];

0:34:38 the one in uh Clun valley another one’s a ‘brummock’ (what’s that) meaning uh like a hacker for

hedging, [hɛʤɪn] you know, you’ve got, like, a blade)

dead, head (0:31:15 (Nathan?) ‘wrong in the head’ [ɹɒŋ ɪn ðə jʌd] […] ‘head’ [jʌd] is ‘head’ [hɛd]

and ‘dead’ [ʤʌd] is ‘dead’ [dɛd] […] (“her’s a bit dead” [ɚːz ə bɪt ʤʌd] ‘her’s dead’ [ɚːz dɛd]))

<em-, en-> (0:00:29 oh, last Friday um we did our entertainment which was entitled [ɪntaɪtɫ̟d] ‘A

Daydream’ which um all of us thirty Clun members which we wrote and produced ourselves;

0:01:14 (what was it like those two years?) well it was all right um bit of a doss but (college years

are always meant to be a doss) yeah […] that’s right that’s right you got to enjoy [ɪnʤɔɪ] it when

you’re young, haven’t you?; 0:02:19 so I guess I was enjoyed [ɪnʤɔɪd] it and kept going in it and

eventually I was chairman of Clun about two years ago uh which was really good which I really

enjoyed [ɪnʤɔɪd] anyway; 0:43:05 (I don’t think many girls would say that, do they?) (no, girls

wouldn’t, no) ‘shake hands with the unemployed’ [ʌnɪmplɔɪd])

settee (0:44:03 (‘sofa’) (‘sofa’?) (‘settee’ [sɛtiː]) (‘settee’?) (um ‘settee’ [sɛtiː]) (‘settee’?) ‘settee’

[sətiː] (‘settee’?) (‘settee’ [sətiː]))

TRAP [a]

(0:27:03 uh ‘whack’ [wak] is another I was going to say ‘pound’ but Wayne nicked it so (yeah) (but ‘to

whack’ you would say) yeah, ‘whack’ [wak] or ‘smack’ [smak] or ‘jack’ [ʤak]; 0:33:01 a ‘bing’ ( a

‘bing’?) ‘B’ ‘I’ ‘N’ ‘G’ (what’s that?) that’s a place you walk up to feed the cattle, [katɫ̟] like, you know,

it’s like a little walkway thing; 0:34:38 the one in uh Clun valley another one’s a ‘brummock’ (what’s that)

meaning uh like a hacker [hakɚ] for hedging, you know, you’ve got, like, a blade)

accept, advisor (0:02:52 I’m the international business advisor [ədvʌɪzə] for Mid Wales; 0:22:43

it’s quite an accepted [əksɛptɪd] practice at the moment)

14

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (2000) includes ‘ye’ in this sense.



man, spanner (0:45:37 (what would you say?) “all right, man” [ɔː ɹaɪʔ mɒn] (‘all right, man’?)

yeah, and they’re like, “what?”; 1:01:09 um I just call it a ‘tool-box’ probably or something like

that I guess and (OK) I’ve heard people call them ‘spanners’ [spɒnəz])

LOT [ɒ]

(0:07:13 I think I would always say, “I’m boiling” I would always just say ‘boiling’ I would never say ‘hot’

[hɒt] I might say ‘sweltering’ perhaps but I think generally ‘boiling’; 0:40:07 I got [gɒʔ] stopped [stɒpt] by

the police one night on [ɒn] the way back from Newtown when I was driving because I had my fog-lights

[fɒglʌɪts] on [ɒn] you see but I didn’t realise; 1:01:09 um I just call it a ‘tool-box’ [tuːɫbɒks] probably

[pɹɒbəli] or something like that I guess and (OK) I’ve heard people call them ‘spanners’)

want (0:31:39 um a lot of agricultural words (yeah) like ‘want’ [ʊnt] is a ‘mole’ […] you often hear

older people I wouldn’t really call them that but a lot of my gran would say ‘want’ [ʊnt] meaning

‘mole’; 0:31:55 a ‘molehill’s an ‘wanty tump’ [ən ʌnti tʌmp] is it […] ’cause a ‘tump’s, like, a

‘hill’)

STRUT [ʌ]

(0:00:48 and we had also another [ənʌðə] club [klʌb] from Pen-y-Bont joined us [ʌs] and they did their

entertainment; 0:01:35 well joking and serious really I d… there isn’t going to be much [mʌʧ] of a future in

farming the way Tony Blair’s15

running [ɹʌnɪn] this country [kʌntɹi]; 0:34:38 the one in uh Clun valley

[klʌn vali] another [ənʌðə] one’s a ‘brummock’ [bɹʌmək] (what’s that) meaning uh like a hacker for

hedging, you know, you’ve got, like, a blade)

fuck16

(0:20:41 I’d say ‘knackered’ yeah (mostly that one you would use?) yeah, yeah, or ‘fucked’

[fuːkt]; 0:28:05 um “her’s a minger” or, “her’s minging” ‘ugly as fuck’ [ʌgli əz fuːk]; 1:05:55 my

altern… good one is ‘fuck’ [fuːk] (oh, I knew you were going to say that) or ‘feck’ […] ‘fuck’ [fuːk]

or ‘feck’ and that can that can sum up quite a bit)

munter (0:29:05 oh and I was going to say ‘munter’ [mʊntə] (yeah) a ‘munter’ [mʊntə] for an ugly

person (‘munter’ [mʌntə]) (‘munter’?) (‘munter’ [mʌntə]) ‘munter’ [mʊntə] yeah)

ONE (0:03:50 I think if you find you’re on the top of the hill five six miles what’ve you got to do

nothing [nʌθɪn] much come down to Clun Tuesday night; 0:26:00 no I’d probably say ‘play’ as well

I’d (just that) yeah, I can’t think of nothing [nʌθɪn] else really; 0:28:34 it’s a shame she wasn’t here

she was the one [wɒn] who was supposed to be coming she’s broke her ankle (‘possum picker’) but

she makes up loads of sayings (‘possum picker’) like ‘possum picker’ is a term of affection (she

ca…, yeah, she calls little, like, the, like, the little the little ones [wʌnz] in our club) (the young ones

one [jʌŋənz]) (‘possum pickers’); 0:34:38 the one [wɒn] in uh Clun valley another one’s [wɒnz] a

‘brummock’ (what’s that) meaning uh like a hacker for hedging, you know, you’ve got, like, a

blade; 0:35:46 (that’s a new kind of word that’s come in, “you’re fit” like) (yeah) or, “I think I’d

give her one” [ad gɪv ɚɹ ən] (‘give her one’ [gɪv ə wʌn]); 0:37:02 if if she’s having a baby, “her’d

be calving” or, “her’d be pupping” is the other one [ʌðəɹ ən] (yeah, people do say) ‘pupping’

(yeah, I’ve heard people say it) (really?) “her’s pupping” (“her’s in pup”) (they do say, “she’s in”,

yeah, they do say it “her’s in-lamb” I’ve heard that before); 0:55:01 oh, they’re jealous of Clun a

lot of people from Shropshire uh Young Farmers (’cause our club’s building up) we got a good club

in Clun and everyone gets on so well there’s no bitchiness or nothing [nɒθɪn] much between

people)

FOOT [ʊ]

15

Anthony Charles Lynton Blair (b.1953), Labour politician and British Prime Minister 1997-2007. 16

This pronunciation is consciously ‘performed’ in imitation of fictional TV presenter, Keith Lemon, played by Leigh Francis

(b.1973) in Channel 4 sketch show Bo’Selecta! (see footnote 1).



(0:02:19 so I guess I was enjoyed it and kept going in it and eventually I was chairman of Clun about two

years ago uh which was really good [gʊd] which I really enjoyed anyway; 0:22:24 basically if you’re

having a tactical chunder or a tactical spew after ten pints or you feel you’re full [fʊɫ] you go outside s…

chuck up chunder away and then carry on drinking; 0:43:46 (‘running water that’s smaller than a river’

what would you call that one?) (‘stream’) or (a ‘stream’?) or a ‘brook’ [bɹʊk] (a ‘brook’?) (yeah, or

‘brook’ [bɹʊk]) (‘brook’ [bɹʊk] yeah) (‘brook’) (yeah, ‘stream ‘or ‘brook’ [bɹʊk]) (‘stream’ or ‘brook’)

(‘stream’ or ‘brook’ [bɹʊk]); 0:59:31 they’ll say something (yeah) just to try and provoke you see what

reaction you give (yeah) (yeah) and usually if you fire back it it’ll just keep going like ping-pong and they’ll

push [pʊʃ] you as much as they can and wait for a reaction)

BATH [a > aː]

(0:00:29 oh, last [last] Friday um we did our entertainment which was entitled ‘A Daydream’ which um all

of us thirty Clun members which we wrote and produced ourselves; 0:07:02 it completely depends again on

the temperature and the circumstance [səːkəmstans] I suppose; 0:09:18 if you you can ‘clem’ sheep if you

put them on a field not much grass [gɹaːs] that’s what we would say; 0:22:24 basically if you’re having a

tactical chunder or a tactical spew after [aftɚ] ten pints or you feel you’re full you go outside s… chuck up

chunder away and then carry on drinking; 0:54:49 they can’t have a laugh [laːf] and a joke like we can

round here we don’t take things as seriously; 1:02:17 I find I say ‘like’ after [aːftɚ] a lot of my sentences

(yeah) when I can’t remember something (that’s a Knighton thing, that is) like and I sound such a dick

wally doing it)

CLOTH [ɒ]

(0:01:14 (what was it like those two years?) well it was all right um bit of a doss [dɒs] but (college years

are always meant to be a doss) yeah […] that’s right that’s right you got to enjoy it when you’re young,

haven’t you?; 0:04:24 we’re not just all off [ɒf] farms, are we, but the we have people moving in from the

towns cities)

NURSE [əː]

(0:00:29 oh, last Friday um we did our entertainment which was entitled ‘A Daydream’ which um all of us

thirty [θɚːti] Clun members which we wrote and produced ourselves; 0:10:05 I’ve heard [həːd] her c… my

mum call say ‘clemmed’ (OK, Kate, sorry what do you say?) (I haven’t heard [həːd] of ‘clemmed’ but I’ve

heard [həːd] of ‘nesh’); 0:24:50 if you weren’t [wəːnʔ] very ‘dern’ [ʤɚːn] you’d be a ‘dozy git’ I suppose,

isn’t it, (if you weren’t what?) if you weren’t [wɚːnʔ] ‘dern’ [ʤɚːn] you’d be a ‘dozy git’)

FLEECE [iː]

(0:00:41 and we um performed that for friends and family of the club then we had a cheese and wine

evening [ʧiːz ən wʌɪn iːvnɪn] after; 0:09:18 if you you can ‘clem’ sheep [ʃiːp] if you put them on a field

[fiːɫd] not much grass that’s what we would say; 0:33:01 a ‘bing’ ( a ‘bing’?) ‘B’ ‘I’ ‘N’ ‘G’ (what’s that?)

that’s a place you walk up to feed [fiːd] the cattle, like, you know, it’s like a little walkway thing; 0:43:46

(‘running water that’s smaller than a river’ what would you call that one?) ‘stream’ [sʧɹiːm] or (a

‘stream’?) or a ‘brook’ (a ‘brook’?) (yeah, or ‘brook’) (‘brook’ yeah) (‘brook’) (yeah, ‘stream’ [ʃʧɹiːm] or

‘brook’) (‘stream’ or ‘brook’) (‘stream’ [stɹiːm] or ‘brook’))

beest, see (0:16:43 down in Cardiff today and you sort come and go and see your colleagues, “how

bist thee?” [aʊ bɪs ði] just out of (yeah) just to see what they do and they just look at you like if

you’re complete stark raving bonkers; 0:17:13 we’d say, “how beest thee?” [aʊ bɪst ði] “how beest

thee, boy?” [aʊ bɪst ði bɔɪ] is the other one (‘boy’, yeah) (‘boy’) (“hello, all right?”) “how beest

thee, boy?” [aʊ bɪst ði bɔː] (‘boy’) (‘boy’) and ‘surry’ (‘surry, yeah, that’s a good one) “how be

you, surry?” (oh ‘surry’) “surry, it’s cold” or whatever; 0:17:44 well it’s like round where we live

people say ‘see’ [sɪ] “how are you, see” [sɪ] and the end of the sentence will end with ‘see’ [sɪ] as



in ‘see’ [siː]; 0:45:28 if you go down to Cardiff and say to someone, “how beest thee?” [aʊ bɪst ðiː]

they just look at you like if you’re absolutely gaga)

FACE [ɛɪ]

(0:00:29 oh, last Friday [fɹaɪdɛɪ] um we did our entertainment [ɛnətɛɪnmənt] which was entitled ‘A

Daydream’ [dɛɪʤɹiːm] which um all of us thirty Clun members which we wrote and produced ourselves;

0:25:37 but it it depends if you’re playing [plɛɪn] Monopoly13

obviously you’re not ‘arsing around’ but if

you’re jumping around and, you know, just ma… generally making [mɛɪkɪn] a tit of yourself you’re ‘arsing

around’; 0:33:01 a ‘bing’ ( a ‘bing’?) ‘B’ ‘I’ ‘N’ ‘G’ (what’s that?) that’s a place [plɛɪs] you walk up to

feed the cattle, like, you know, it’s like a little walkway [wɔːkwɛɪ] thing; 0:59:31 they’ll say [sɛɪ] something

(yeah) just to try and provoke you see what reaction you give (yeah) (yeah) and usually if you fire back it

it’ll just keep going like ping-pong and they’ll push you as much as they can and wait [wɛɪt] for a reaction)

altern (1:05:55 my altern… [ɒɫtɚːn] good one is ‘fuck’ (oh, I knew you were going to say that) or

‘feck’ […] ‘fuck’ or ‘feck’ and that can that can sum up quite a bit)

always (0:07:13 I think I would always [əʊwɪz] say, “I’m boiling” I would always [əʊwɪz] just say

‘boiling’ I would never say ‘hot’ I might say ‘sweltering’ perhaps but I think generally ‘boiling’;

0:10:14 people’d say it to me quite a lot ’cause they think I’m nesh (they think you’re nesh?) ’cause

I’m always [ɔːwɛɪz] cold; 0:32:20 I’ve alw… we’ve always [ɔːwɪz] called them ‘tidling’ in our place

(yeah, and we have) and when I went to college and said ‘tidling’ no one had a clue what I meant;

1:02:30 and I also say someone was taking the pee out of me at work ’cause I always [əʊwɪz] say

after ‘or something’; 1:03:49 my would say ‘clothes’ but, like, you hear people say ‘clobber’ (yeah)

and and ‘togs’ and stuff (yeah) there’s a saying what mum always [əʊwɪz] says, “don’t cast a clout

until May is out”)

<-day> (0:00:29 oh, last Friday [fɹaɪdɛɪ] um we did our entertainment which was entitled ‘A

Daydream’ which um all of us thirty Clun members which we wrote and produced ourselves;

0:03:50 I think if you find you’re on the top of the hill five six miles what’ve you got to do nothing

much come down to Clun Tuesday [ʧuːzdɪ] night; 0:23:30 (have you come across this phrase ‘to

play truant’?) yeah, she did yesterday [jɛstdɛɪ])

PALM [aː > ɑː]

(0:26:00 no I’d probably say ‘play’ as well I’d (just that) yeah, I can’t [kaːnt] think of nothing else really;

0:37:02 if if she’s having a baby, “her’d be calving” [kaːvɪn] or, “her’d be pupping” is the other one

(yeah, people do say) ‘pupping’ (yeah, I’ve heard people say it) (really?) “her’s pupping” (“her’s in pup”)

(they do say, “she’s in”, yeah, they do say it “her’s in-lamb” I’ve heard that before); 0:45:28 if you go

down to Cardiff and say to someone, “how beest thee?” they just look at you like if you’re absolutely gaga

[gɑːgɑː]; 0:48:08 (‘missus’ or ‘bird’) (or your ‘woman’ perhaps) (‘woman’) (‘or your ‘woman’?) (yeah)

(‘the old woman’ is another one) or the ‘better half’ [bɛʔə haːf]; 0:53:26 I think it’s funny I’d rather [ɹɑːðə]

be different to the rest of them ’cause I think we’re better than them really; 1:02:17 I find I say ‘like’ after a

lot of my sentences (yeah) when I can’t [kaːnʔ] remember something (that’s a Knighton thing, that is) like

and I sound such a dick wally doing it)

THOUGHT [ɔː]

(0:14:23 just didn’t realise I never even thought [θɔːʔ] of the Wrekin in Telford; 0:21:39 (anything else for

‘throw’ before we move on?) probably ‘chuck’ ‘whang’ or ‘launch’ [lɔːnʧ]; 0:22:58 but you can’t talk

[tɔːk] to no girls after that but we we never do anyway; 0:33:01 a ‘bing’ ( a ‘bing’?) ‘B’ ‘I’ ‘N’ ‘G’ (what’s

that?) that’s a place you walk [wɔːk] up to feed the cattle, like, you know, it’s like a little walkway

[wɔːkwɛɪ] thing)

always (0:07:13 I think I would always [əʊwɪz] say, “I’m boiling” I would always [əʊwɪz] just say

‘boiling’ I would never say ‘hot’ I might say ‘sweltering’ perhaps but I think generally ‘boiling’;



0:10:14 people’d say it to me quite a lot ’cause they think I’m nesh (they think you’re nesh?) ’cause

I’m always [ɔːwɛɪz] cold; 0:32:20 I’ve alw… we’ve always [ɔːwɪz] called them ‘tidling’ in our place

(yeah, and we have) and when I went to college and said ‘tidling’ no one had a clue what I meant;

1:02:30 and I also say someone was taking the pee out of me at work ’cause I always [əʊwɪz] say

after ‘or something’; 1:03:49 my would say ‘clothes’ but, like, you hear people say ‘clobber’ (yeah)

and and ‘togs’ and stuff (yeah) there’s a saying what mum always [əʊwɪz] says, “don’t cast a clout


GOAT [əʊ > ʌʊ]

(0:01:35 well joking [ʤəʊkɪn] and serious really I d… there isn’t going to [gənə] be much of a future in

farming the way Tony Blair’s15

[təʊni blɛ˞ːz] running this country; 0:02:19 so [səʊ] I guess I was enjoyed it

and kept going [gʌʊɪn] in it and eventually I was chairman of Clun about two years ago [əgʌʊ] uh which

was really good which I really enjoyed anyway; 0:04:04 we don’t [dəʊnʔ] just do stock judging and the

usual Young Farmers’ activities we do bowling socialising [səʊʃəlʌɪzɪn] skating drinking; 0:24:50 if you

weren’t very ‘dern’ you’d be a ‘dozy git’ [dəʊzi gɪt] I suppose, [səpəʊz] isn’t it, (if you weren’t what?) if

you weren’t ‘dern’ you’d be a ‘dozy git’ [dəʊzi gɪt])

go(ing to) (0:01:35 well joking and serious really I d… there isn’t going to [gənə] be much of a

future in farming the way Tony Blair’s15

running this country; 0:27:03 uh ‘whack’ is another I was

going to [gʊnə] say ‘pound’ but Wayne nicked it so (yeah) (but ‘to whack’ you would say) yeah,

‘whack’ or ‘smack’ or ‘jack’; 0:45:28 if you go [gʊ] down to Cardiff and say to someone, “how

beest thee?” they just look at you like if you’re absolutely gaga; 1:05:55 (my altern… good one is

‘fuck’) oh, I knew you were going to [gənə] say that (or ‘feck’ […] ‘fuck’ or ‘feck’ and that can that

can sum up quite a bit))

<-ow> (0:47:44 ‘fellow’ [fɛlə] that’s that’s quite popular round here actually ‘my fellow’ [mə fɛlə]

yeah)

GOAL [ɔʊ > əʊ]

(0:04:04 we don’t just do stock judging and the usual Young Farmers’ activities we do bowling [bəʊlɪn]

socialising skating drinking; 0:31:39 um a lot of agricultural words (yeah) like ‘want’ is a ‘mole’ [mɔʊɫ]

[…] you often hear older [ɔʊɫdə] people I wouldn’t really call them that but a lot of my gran would say

‘want’ meaning ‘mole’ [mɔʊɫ]; 0:33:23 ‘glat’ if you’re off to do a bit what do you say, “I’m off glatting” (a

‘glat’ is a gap in a hedge) it’s like a gap in a hedge so if you’re off glatting you’re filling the hole [hɔʊɫ] in

the hedge)

<-old> (0:04:30 if you stick a fourteen-year-old [fɔːtiːnjɪːɹɔʊɫd] on top of a hill what’ve they got to

do (right) not much; 0:08:00 (Nathan) ‘cold’ [kæʊd] (again) ‘cold’ [kæʊd] (‘cold’?) ‘cold’ [kæʊd]

(my brother says that); 0:08:48 (anybody else want to share what your favourite explanations are?)

(‘bloody hell’ or ‘flipping heck’) “by gum, it’s cold” [kæʊd]; 0:17:13 we’d say, “how beest thee?”

“how bist thee, boy?” is the other one (‘boy’, yeah) (‘boy’) (“hello, all right?”) “how beest thee,

boy?” (‘boy’) (‘boy’) and ‘surry’ (‘surry, yeah, that’s a good one) “how be you, surry?” (oh

‘surry’) “surry, it’s cold” [kæʊd] or whatever; 0:31:39 um a lot of agricultural words (yeah) like

‘want’ is a ‘mole’ […] you often hear older [ɔʊɫdə] people I wouldn’t really call them that but a lot

of my gran would say ‘want’ meaning ‘mole’)

GOOSE [uː]

(0:04:30 if you [juː] stick a fourteen-year-old on top of a hill what’ve they got to do [duː] (right) not much;

0:23:07 yeah, I’d probably say ‘spew’ [spjuː] or ‘chunder’ or ‘puked’ [pjuːkt] (OK) ‘chucked up’ “spewed

[spjuːd] your guts up”; 1:01:09 um I just call it a ‘tool-box’ [tuːɫbɒks] probably or something like that I

guess and (OK) I’ve heard people call them ‘spanners’)



room (0:43:32 (Nathan?) ‘front room’ [fɹʌnt ɹʊm] (’front room’ Wayne?) (yeah, I say ‘front room’

[fɹʌnt ɹuːm]) (same again and Ryan?) (‘front room’ [fɹʌnʔ ɹuːm]))

PRICE [ʌɪ ~ aɪ ~ əɪ]

(0:00:29 oh, last Friday [fɹaɪdɛɪ] um we did our entertainment which was entitled [ɪntaɪtɫ̟d] ‘A Daydream’

which um all of us thirty Clun members which we wrote and produced ourselves; 0:03:50 I think if you find

[fəɪnd] you’re on the top of the hill five [fəɪv] six miles [maɪɫ̟z] what’ve you got to do nothing much come

down to Clun Tuesday night [nəɪt]; 0:04:04 we don’t just do stock judging and the usual Young Farmers’

activities we do bowling socialising [səʊʃəlʌɪzɪn] skating drinking; 0:35:20 (so what would you say for

somebody who is ‘good-looking’?) (‘tidy’ [təɪdi]) (‘tidy’?) “her’s a bit of all right” [ɚːz ə bɪd əv ɔːɹəɪʔ]

(what?) “her’s a bit of all right” [ɚːz ə bɪd əv ɔːɹəɪʔ]; 0:40:07 I got stopped by [bʌɪ] the police one night

[nʌɪʔ] on the way back from Newtown when I was driving [dɹʌɪvɪn] because I had my fog-lights [fɒglʌɪts]

on you see but I didn’t realise [ɹiəlʌɪz]; 0:50:23 yeah, admit… admittedly (I can’t do it again but) I sort of

worked in Llandrindod for a long time [təɪm] (Llandrindod) […] and I work with a a girl from Carmarthen

quite [kwʌɪʔ] closely; 1:02:17 I [ʌɪ] find [fʌɪnd] I [ʌɪ] say ‘like’ [lʌɪk] after a lot of my sentences (yeah)

when I can’t remember something (that’s a Knighton [nʌɪtən] thing, that is) like [lʌɪk] and I sound such a

dick wally doing it)

fire (0:59:31 they’ll say something (yeah) just to try and provoke you see what reaction you give

(yeah) (yeah) and usually if you fire [fəɪə] back it it’ll just keep going like ping-pong and they’ll

push you as much as they can and wait for a reaction)

my (0:47:44 ‘fellow’ that’s that’s quite popular round here actually ‘my fellow’ [mə fɛlə] yeah)

CHOICE [ɔɪ]

(0:00:48 and we had also another club from Pen-y-Bont joined [ʤɔɪnd] us and they did their

entertainment; 0:01:14 (what was it like those two years?) well it was all right um bit of a doss but (college

years are always meant to be a doss) yeah […] that’s right that’s right you got to enjoy [ɪnʤɔɪ] it when

you’re young, haven’t you?; 1:07:08 he’s a real good singer too (oh, singer as well?) (yeah) yeah, got a

real good high voice [vɔɪs])

boy (0:17:13 we’d say, “how beest thee?” “how beest thee, boy?” [bɔɪ] is the other one (‘boy’,

[bɔɪ] yeah) (‘boy’ [bɔɪ]) (“hello, all right?”) “how beest thee, boy?” [bɔː] (‘boy’ [bɔɪ]) (‘boy’

[bɔː]) and ‘surry’ (‘surry, yeah, that’s a good one) “how be you, surry?” (oh ‘surry’) “surry, it’s

cold” or whatever)

MOUTH [aʊ > æɨ]

0:03:35 basically a g… um group of young people between ten and twenty-six (or older) um based in a

rural community but not s… not necessarily from farming backgrounds [bakgɹaʊndz]; 0:13:50 you know

you’ve got a certain group in the community which might say ‘crousty’ [kɹaʊsti] and another group might

not have ever heard it; 0:26:50 (it’s probably more the people off the farms that’ll know what a ‘pounder’

is) (yeah) (yeah) the people out [æɨʔ] the town [tæɨn] might not because they don’t have the understanding;

1:02:17 I find I say ‘like’ after a lot of my sentences (yeah) when I can’t remember something (that’s a

Knighton thing, that is) like and I sound [sæɨnd] such a dick wally doing it; 1:03:49 my would say ‘clothes’

but, like, you hear people say ‘clobber’ (yeah) and and ‘togs’ and stuff (yeah) there’s a saying what mum

always says, “don’t cast a clout [klaʊt] until May is out” [aʊt])

our (0:00:29 oh, last Friday um we did our [ɑː] entertainment which was entitled ‘A Daydream’

which um all of us thirty Clun members which we wrote and produced ourselves [əsɛɫvz]; 0:28:34

(it’s a shame she wasn’t here she was the one who was supposed to be coming she’s broke her

ankle) ‘possum picker’ (but she makes up loads of sayings) ‘possum picker’ (like ‘possum picker’ is

a term of affection) she ca…, yeah, she calls little, like, the, like, the little the little ones in our [ɑː]

club (the young ones) ‘possum pickers’; 0:32:20 I’ve alw… we’ve always called them ‘tidling’ in



our [ɑː] place (yeah, and we have) and when I went to college and said ‘tidling’ no one had a clue

what I meant)

pound (0:27:03 uh ‘whack’ is another I was going to say ‘pound’ [pʊn] but Wayne nicked it so

(yeah) (but ‘to whack’ you would say) yeah, ‘whack’ or ‘smack’ or ‘jack’)

NEAR [ɪə ~ ɪː]

(0:02:19 so I guess I was enjoyed it and kept going in it and eventually I was chairman of Clun about two

years [jɪːz] ago uh which was really [ɹɪːli] good which I really [ɹɪːli] enjoyed anyway; 0:07:44 (feeling

‘very cold’?) um bit ‘nippy’ (“it’s a bit nippy”?) yeah (and if you feel ‘cold’ yourself?) yeah, I’d say, “it’s

a bit nippy in here” [ɪə]; 0:31:39 um a lot of agricultural words (yeah) like ‘want’ is a ‘mole’ […] you

often hear [ɪə] older people I wouldn’t really call them that but a lot of my gran would say ‘want’ meaning

‘mole’; 0:37:26 (yeah, “she’s for death row” […] meaning the end of her life basically, isn’t it, you know, I

don’t) oh dear [əʊ dɪɚ])

SQUARE [ɛː]

(0:01:35 well joking and serious really I d… there isn’t [ðɛːɹ ɪzənʔ] going to be much of a future in farming

the way Tony Blair’s15

[təʊni blɛ˞ːz] running this country; 0:02:19 so I guess I was enjoyed it and kept

going in it and eventually I was chairman [ʧɛːmən] of Clun about two years ago uh which was really good

which I really enjoyed anyway; 0:20:02 (It’s a new thing him and Matt kind of do) (no, Matt never) I think

it’s fair [fɛː] to say Nathan is very unique to the area [ɛːɹiə])

START [ɑː]

(0:01:35 well joking and serious really I d… there isn’t going to be much of a future in farming [fjuːʧəɹ ɪn

fɑ˞ːmɪn] the way Tony Blair’s15

running this country; 0:05:47 (for you, Kate, what would you say for

‘feeling unwell’?) um ‘under par’ [ʌndə pɑː] or um (‘under par’?) or ‘crap’; 0:49:37 oh, it’s Powys now,

yeah (Powys) (OK part of Powys) but it’s, like, the central central part [pɑːt] of Powys is Radnorshire;

0:25:37 but it it depends if you’re playing Monopoly13

obviously you’re not ‘arsing around’ [ɑːsɪn əɹəʊnd]

but if you’re jumping around and, you know, just ma… generally making a tit of yourself you’re ‘arsing

around’ [ɑːsɪn əɹəʊnd])

NORTH~FORCE [ɔː]

(0:00:41 and we um performed [pəfɔːmd] that for [fɔː] friends and family of the club then we had a cheese

and wine evening after; 0:04:30 if you stick a fourteen-year-old [fɔːtiːnjɪːɹɔʊɫd] on top of a hill what’ve

they got to do (right) not much; 0:07:23 (and Nathan?) ‘scorched’ [skɔ˞ːʧt] (‘scorched’ anything else?)

probably ‘boiling’ and ‘scorched’ [skɔ˞ːʧt]; 0:33:35 (‘cofer’ I think that might be one) ‘cofer’ which is like

a (sort of [sɔːt əv] metal metal chest) (‘chest’) yeah, chest thing to store [stɔː] medicines in or whatever)

CURE [ɔː]

(0:03:35 basically a g… um group of young people between ten and twenty-six (or older) um based in a

rural [ɹɔːɹəɫ] community but not s… not necessarily from farming backgrounds; 0:09:36 you wean your

ewes you put them on a poor [pɔː] pasture so they dry up so the milk dries up for a few weeks; 0:52:14 I’m

I’m sure [ʃɔː] the North Shropshire lot sort of look down on us we’re a little bit hillbilly)

happY [i > ɪ]

(0:04:42 so it’s not just about young people it’s about the whole community [kəmjuːnəʔi] really [ɹɪːli] and I

think Young Farmers does a lot for the community [kəmjuːnəti]; 0:07:44 (feeling ‘very cold’?) um bit

‘nippy’ [nɪpɪ] (“it’s a bit nippy”?) yeah (and if you feel ‘cold’ yourself?) yeah, I’d say, “it’s a bit nippy

[nɪpi] in here”; 0:13:50 you know you’ve got a certain group in the community [kəmjuːnəti] which might

say ‘crousty’ [kɹaʊsti] and another group might not have ever heard it; 0:24:50 if you weren’t very [vɛɹi]

‘dern’ you’d be a ‘dozy git’ [dəʊzi gɪt] I suppose, isn’t it, (if you weren’t what?) if you weren’t ‘dern’

you’d be a ‘dozy git’ [dəʊzi gɪt])



lettER~commA [ə]


evening after [aːftə]; 0:02:52 I’m the international business advisor [ədvʌɪzə] for Mid Wales; 0:05:47 (for

you, Kate, what would you say for ‘feeling unwell’?) um ‘under par’ [ʌndə pɑː] or um (‘under par’?) or

‘crap’; 0:20:02 (It’s a new thing him and Matt kind of do) (no, Matt never [nɛvə]) I think it’s fair to say

Nathan is very unique to the area [ɛːɹiə]; 0:33:35 (‘cofer’ [kəʊfɚ] I think that might be one) ‘cofer’ [kəʊfɚ]

which is like a (sort of metal metal chest) (‘chest’) yeah, chest thing to store medicines in or whatever

[wɒdɛvɚ]; 0:34:38 the one in uh Clun valley another [ənʌðə] one’s a ‘brummock’ (what’s that) meaning uh

like a hacker [hakɚ] for hedging, you know, you’ve got, like, a blade; 0:49:37 oh, it’s Powys now, yeah

(Powys) (OK part of Powys) but it’s, like, the central central part of Powys is Radnorshire [ɹadnəʃə])

horsES [ɪ]

(0:57:32 (we’re all like friends together we’re a very close community) all different all different ages

[ɛɪʤɪz] are friends)

startED [ɪ]

(0:22:43 it’s quite an accepted [əksɛptɪd] practice at the moment; 0:38:45 (on the other hand ‘rich’?)

‘loaded’ [ləʊdɪd] (‘loaded’?) yeah (‘minted’ [mɪntɪd]))

mornING [ɪ]


evening [ʧiːz ən wʌɪn iːvnɪn] after; 0:07:13 I think I would always say, “I’m boiling” [bɔɪlɪn] I would

always just say ‘boiling’ [bɔɪlɪn] I would never say ‘hot’ I might say ‘sweltering’ [swɛɫtəɹɪŋ] perhaps but I

think generally ‘boiling’ [bɔɪlɪŋ])

VARIABLE RHOTICITY

(0:00:29 oh, last Friday um we did our [ɑː] entertainment [ɛnətɛɪnmənt] which was entitled ‘A Daydream’

which um all of us thirty [θɚːti] Clun members [mɛmbəz] which we wrote and produced ourselves

[əsɛɫvz]; 0:01:35 well joking and serious really I d… there isn’t going to be much of a future in farming

[fjuːʧəɹ ɪn fɑ˞ːmɪn] the way Tony Blair’s15

[təʊni blɛ˞ːz] running this country; 0:02:19 so I guess I was

enjoyed it and kept going in it and eventually I was chairman [ʧɛːmən] of Clun about two years [jɪːz] ago

uh which was really good which I really enjoyed anyway; 0:05:47 (for you, Kate, what would you say for

‘feeling unwell’?) um ‘under par’ [ʌndə pɑː] or um [ɔːɹ əːm] (‘under par’?) or [ɔː] ‘crap’; 0:07:23 (and

Nathan?) ‘scorched’ [skɔ˞ːʧt] (‘scorched’ anything else?) probably ‘boiling’ and ‘scorched’ [skɔ˞ːʧt];

0:10:05 I’ve heard [həːd] her c… my mum call say ‘clemmed’ (OK, Kate, sorry what do you say?) (I

haven’t heard [həːd] of ‘clemmed’ but I’ve heard [həːd] of ‘nesh’); 0:31:39 um a lot of agricultural words

[wɚːdz] (yeah) like ‘want’ is a ‘mole’ […] you often hear older [ɪə ɔʊɫdə] people I wouldn’t really call

them that but a lot of my gran would say ‘want’ meaning ‘mole’; 0:33:35 (‘cofer’ [kəʊfɚ] I think that might

be one) ‘cofer’ [kəʊfɚ] which is like a (sort of [sɔːt əv] metal metal chest) (‘chest’) yeah, chest thing to

store [stɔː] medicines in or whatever [wɒdɛvɚ]; 0:34:38 the one in uh Clun valley another [ənʌðə] one’s a

‘brummock’ (what’s that) meaning uh like a hacker [hakɚ] for [fɚ] hedging, you know, you’ve got, like, a

blade; 0:37:26 (yeah, “she’s for death row” […] meaning the end of her life basically, isn’t it, you know, I

don’t) oh dear [əʊ dɪɚ]; 0:49:37 oh, it’s Powys now, yeah (Powys) (OK part of Powys) but it’s, like, the

central central part [pɑːt] of Powys is Radnorshire [ɹadnəʃə]; 0:50:23 yeah, admit… admittedly (I can’t do

it again but) I sort of [sɔːt əv] worked [wɚːkt] in Llandrindod for a long time (Llandrindod) […] and I

work [wəːk] with a a girl [gɚːɫ] from Carmarthen [kəmɑːðən] quite closely)

PLOSIVES



T frequent word final T-glottaling (e.g. 0:10:14 people’d say it [ɪʔ] to me quite [kwʌɪʔ] a lot [lɒʔ] ’cause

they think I’m nesh (they think you’re nesh?) ’cause I’m always cold; 0:12:06 we qu… I quite [kwʌɪʔ] often

say, “that’s [aʔs] a bit [bɪʔ] random” and they don’t [dəʊnʔ] understand what [wɒʔ] that [ðaʔ] means;

0:14:23 just didn’t [dɪdənʔ] realise I never even thought [θɔːʔ] of the Wrekin in Telford; 0:31:39 um a lot

[lɒʔ] of agricultural words (yeah) like ‘want’ is a ‘mole’ […] you often hear older people I wouldn’t

[wʊdn̩ʔ] really call them that [ðaʔ] but [bəʔ] a lot [lɒʔ] of my gran would say ‘want’ meaning ‘mole’;

0:34:14 ‘slang’ is like a narrow bit [bɪʔ] in between two other bits I suppose like a narrow thin field we call

the ‘slang’ (right) and uh or it [ɪʔ] can mean another or an alleyway sort of [sɔːʔə] thing; 0:40:07 I got

[gɒʔ] stopped by the police one night [nʌɪʔ] on the way back from Newtown when I was driving because I

had my fog-lights on you see but I didn’t [dɪnʔ] realise; 1:01:09 um I just call it [ɪʔ] a ‘tool-box’ probably

or something like that [ðaʔ] I guess and (OK) I’ve heard people call them ‘spanners’)

frequent word medial & syllable initial T-glottaling (e.g. 0:04:42 so it’s not just about young people it’s

about the whole community [kəmjuːnəʔi] really and I think Young Farmers does a lot for the community;

0:10:53 mum wouldn’t know anything about what that meant (my mum didn’t) and also a lot of these words

like on Little Britain8 [lɪtɫ̟ bɹɪʔn̩] and things (‘wicked’) yeah (and ‘wicked’ and, like, stuff like) sometimes

‘bad’ can mean ‘good’ apparently and stuff like that (“come on, mofo”) (‘mofo’ my mum didn’t know

what that was); 0:13:50 you know you’ve got a certain [sɚːʔn̩] group in the community which might say

‘crousty’ and another group might not have ever heard it; 0:19:08 I never used to say it when I was little

[lɪʔɫ̟] I’m sure but I do now all the time; 0:28:34 (it’s a shame she wasn’t here she was the one who was

supposed to be coming she’s broke her ankle) ‘possum picker’ (but she makes up loads of sayings) ‘possum

picker’ (like ‘possum picker’ is a term of affection) she ca…, yeah, she calls little, [lɪʔʊ] like, the, like, the

little [lɪʔʊ] the little [lɪʔʊ] ones in our club (the young ones) ‘possum pickers’; 0:53:26 I think it’s funny I’d

rather be different to the rest of them ’cause I think we’re better [bɛʔə] than them really)

T-tapping (0:09:18 if you you can ‘clem’ sheep if you put them [pʊɾ əm] on a field not much grass that’s

what we would say)

frequent T-voicing (e.g. 0:01:14 (what was it like those two years?) well it was all right um bit [bɪd] of a

doss but (college years are always meant to be a doss) yeah […] that’s right that’s right you got to [gɒdu]

enjoy it when you’re young, haven’t you?; 0:09:36 you wean your ewes you put [pʊd] them on a poor

pasture so they dry up so the milk dries up for a few weeks; 0:14:09 I said it somewhere when I was miles

away, you know, at a I know some wedding or something, like, in the Lake District and they hadn’t got

[gɒd] a clue what [wɒd] I meant but [bəd] I couldn’t understand that they couldn’t understand it; 0:25:37

but it it depends if you’re playing Monopoly15

obviously you’re not ‘arsing around’ but [bəd] if you’re

jumping around and, you know, just ma… generally making a tit of yourself you’re ‘arsing around’;

0:33:01 a ‘bing’ ( a ‘bing’?) ‘B’ ‘I’ ‘N’ ‘G’ (what’s that?) that’s a place you walk up to feed the cattle, like,

you know, it’s like a little [lɪdɫ̟] walkway thing; 0:33:35 (‘cofer’ I think that might be one) ‘cofer’ which is

like a (sort of metal metal chest) (‘chest’) yeah, chest thing to store medicines in or whatever [wɒdɛvɚ];

0:35:20 (so what would you say for somebody who is ‘good-looking’?) (‘tidy’) (‘tidy’?) “her’s a bit of all

right” [ɚːz ə bɪd əv ɔːɹəɪʔ] (what?) “her’s a bit of all right” [ɚːz ə bɪd əv ɔːɹəɪʔ]; 0:36:31 (‘bun in the

oven’) oh, you bugger they’re all nicking mine now, yeah, or um I can’t think what [wɒd] it [ɪd] is there is

another word I you’d better [bɛdɚ] go on I’ll think)

debuccalisation of word final T (0:09:18 if you you can ‘clem’ sheep if you put them on a field not much

[nɒʰ mʌʧ] grass that’s what we would say; 0:37:26 yeah, “she’s for death row” […] meaning the end of

her life basically, isn’t it, [ɪnɪʰ] you know, I don’t (oh dear))



D affrication of word initial D ( (0:24:50 if you weren’t very ‘dern’ [ʤɚːn] you’d be a ‘dozy git’ I

suppose, isn’t it, (if you weren’t what?) if you weren’t ‘dern’ [ʤɚːn] you’d be a ‘dozy git’; 0:31:15

(Nathan?) ‘wrong in the head’ […] ‘head’ is ‘head’ and ‘dead’ [ʤʌd] is ‘dead’ [dɛd] […] (“her’s

a bit dead” [ɚːz ə bɪt ʤʌd] ‘her’s dead’ [ɚːz dɛd]))

NASALS

NG

velar nasal plus (0:07:30 (Kate) um ‘boiling’ [bɔɪlɪŋg] or ‘burning up’; 0:11:22 (but I think that’s

probably where they do come from) Birmingham [bəːmɪŋgəm] or London (urban populations); 0:27:50

(Emma, say again) for male and female I’d say, “ugh, they’re minging” [mɪŋgɪŋ])

frequent NG-fronting (e.g. 0:01:35 well joking [ʤəʊkɪn] and serious really I d… there isn’t going to be

much of a future in farming [fɑ˞ːmɪn] the way Tony Blair’s15

running [ɹʌnɪn] this country; 0:04:04 we don’t

just do stock judging [stɒk ʤʌʤɪn] and the usual Young Farmers’ activities we do bowling [bəʊlɪn]

socialising [səʊʃəlʌɪzɪn] skating [skɛɪtɪn] drinking [dɹɪŋkɪn]; 0:14:09 I said it somewhere when I was miles

away, you know, at a I know some wedding [wɛdɪn] or something, [sʌmθɪn] like, in the Lake District and

they hadn’t got a clue what I meant but I couldn’t understand that they couldn’t understand it; 0:25:37 but

it it depends if you’re playing [plɛɪn] Monopoly13

obviously you’re not ‘arsing around’ [ɑːsɪn əɹəʊnd] but

if you’re jumping [ʤʌmpɪn] around and, you know, just ma… generally making [mɛɪkɪn] a tit of yourself

you’re ‘arsing around’ [ɑːsɪn əɹəʊnd]; 0:26:00 no I’d probably say ‘play’ as well I’d (just that) yeah, I

can’t think of nothing [nʌθɪn] else really; 0:34:38 the one in uh Clun valley another one’s a ‘brummock’

(what’s that) meaning [miːnɪn] uh like a hacker for hedging, [hɛʤɪn] you know, you’ve got, like, a blade)

N

syllabic N with nasal release (0:31:39 um a lot of agricultural words (yeah) like ‘want’ is a ‘mole’ […]

you often hear older people I wouldn’t [wʊdn̩ʔ] really call them that but a lot of my gran would say ‘want’

meaning ‘mole’)

syllabic N with epenthetic schwa (0:12:06 we qu… I quite often [ɒftən] say, “that’s a bit random” and

they don’t understand what that means; 0:14:09 I said it somewhere when I was miles away, you know, at a

I know some wedding or something, like, in the Lake District and they hadn’t got a clue what I meant but I

couldn’t [kʊdən] understand that they couldn’t [kʊdən] understand it; 0:14:23 just didn’t [dɪdənʔ] realise I

never even thought of the Wrekin in Telford; 1:02:17 (I find I say ‘like’ after a lot of my sentences) yeah

(when I can’t remember something) that’s a Knighton [nʌɪtən] thing, that is (like and I sound such a dick

wally doing it))

FRICATIVES

H

H-dropping (0:07:13 I think I would always say, “I’m boiling” I would always just say ‘boiling’ I would

never say ‘hot’ I might say ‘sweltering’ perhaps [pɹaps] but I think generally ‘boiling’; 0:07:44 (feeling

‘very cold’?) um bit ‘nippy’ (“it’s a bit nippy”?) yeah (and if you feel ‘cold’ yourself?) yeah, I’d say, “it’s

a bit nippy in here” [ɪə]; 0:28:34 it’s a shame she wasn’t here [ɪː] she was the one who was supposed to be

coming she’s broke her ankle (‘possum picker’) but she makes up loads of sayings (‘possum picker’) like

‘possum picker’ is a term of affection (she ca…, yeah, she calls little, like, the, like, the little the little ones

in our club) (the young ones) (‘possum pickers’); 0:31:15 (Nathan?) ‘wrong in the head’ [ɹɒŋ ɪn ðə jʌd]



[…] ‘head’ [jʌd] is ‘head’ [hɛd] and ‘dead’ is ‘dead’ […] (“her’s a bit dead” ‘her’s dead’); 0:31:39 um a

lot of agricultural words (yeah) like ‘want’ is a ‘mole’ […] you often hear [ɪə] older people I wouldn’t

really call them that but a lot of my gran would say ‘want’ meaning ‘mole’; 0:54:49 they can’t have a laugh

and a joke like we can round here [ɪɚ] we don’t take things as seriously)

LIQUIDS

R

approximant R (0:00:29 oh, last Friday [fɹaɪdɛɪ] um we did our entertainment which was entitled ‘A

Daydream’ [dɛɪdɹiːm] which um all of us thirty Clun members which we wrote [ɹəʊt] and produced

[pɹəʤuːst] ourselves; 0:01:35 well joking and serious [sɪːɹiəs] really [ɹɪːli] I d… there isn’t [ðɛːɹ ɪzənʔ]

going to be much of a future in farming [fjuːʧəɹ ɪn fɑ˞ːmɪn] the way Tony Blair’s15

running [ɹʌnɪn] this

country [kʌntɹi]; 0:07:13 I think I would always say, “I’m boiling” I would always just say ‘boiling’ I

would never say ‘hot’ I might say ‘sweltering’ [swɛɫtəɹɪŋ] perhaps [pɹaps] but I think generally [ʤɛnɹəli]

‘boiling’)

L

clear coda L (0:00:41 and we um performed that for friends and family [famli] of the club [klʌb] then we

had a cheese and wine evening after; 0:07:13 I think I would always say, “I’m boiling” [bɔɪlɪn] I would

always just say ‘boiling’ [bɔɪlɪn] I would never say ‘hot’ I might say ‘sweltering’ perhaps but I think

generally [ʤɛnɹəli] ‘boiling’ [bɔɪlɪŋ]; 0:34:38 the one in uh Clun valley [klʌn vali] another one’s a

‘brummock’ (what’s that) meaning uh like [lʌɪk] a hacker for hedging, you know, you’ve got, like, [lʌɪk] a

blade [blɛɪd])

dark coda L (e.g. 0:00:29 oh, last Friday um we did our entertainment which was entitled [ɪntaɪtɫ̟d] ‘A

Daydream’ which um all [ɔːɫ] of us thirty Clun members which we wrote and produced ourselves [əsɛɫvz];

0:04:30 if you stick a fourteen-year-old [fɔːtiːnjɪːɹɔʊɫd] on top of a hill [hɪɫ̟] what’ve they got to do (right)

not much; 0:22:24 basically if you’re having a tactical chunder or a tactical spew [taktɪkəɫ ʧʌndəɹ ɔːɹ ə

taktɪkəɫ spjuː] after ten pints or you feel [fiːɫ] you’re full [fʊɫ] you go outside s… chuck up chunder away

and then carry on drinking)

frequent syllabic L with lateral release (e.g. 0:00:29 oh, last Friday um we did our entertainment which

was entitled [ɪntaɪtɫ̟d] ‘A Daydream’ which um all of us thirty Clun members which we wrote and

produced ourselves; 0:16:26 if you go into the middle [mɪdɫ]̟ of London we don’t have an English accent,

do we?; 0:26:50 it’s probably more the people off the farms that’ll [ðətɫ̟] know what a ‘pounder’ is (yeah)

(yeah) (the people out the town might not because they don’t have the understanding); 0:33:01 a ‘bing’ ( a

‘bing’?) ‘B’ ‘I’ ‘N’ ‘G’ (what’s that?) that’s a place you walk up to feed the cattle, [katɫ̟] like, you know,

it’s like a little [lɪdɫ̟] walkway thing; 0:33:35 ‘cofer’ I think that might be one (‘cofer’ which is like a) sort

of metal [mɛtɫ̟] metal [mɛtɫ̟] chest (‘chest’) (yeah, chest thing to store medicines in or whatever); 0:41:34

‘heavy rain’s ‘pissing’ and light rain’s ‘piddle [pɪdɫ]̟ that’s what I use it for anyway; 0:59:31 they’ll say

something (yeah) just to try and provoke you see what reaction you give (yeah) (yeah) and usually if you

fire back it it’ll [ɪtɫ̟] just keep going like ping-pong and they’ll push you as much as they can and wait for a

reaction)

L-vocalisation (0:28:34 (it’s a shame she wasn’t here she was the one who was supposed to be coming

she’s broke her ankle) ‘possum picker’ (but she makes up loads of sayings) ‘possum picker’ (like ‘possum

picker’ is a term of affection) she ca…, yeah, she calls [kɔːʊz] little, [lɪʔʊ] like, the, like, the little [lɪʔʊ] the

little [lɪʔʊ] ones in our club (the young ones) ‘possum pickers’; 1:04:25 (what would you call them?)

‘pumps’ (‘pumps’ you would say, Kate?) or ‘plimsolls’ [pɪmsɔʊʊz])



fricative L (0:50:23 yeah, admit… admittedly (I can’t do it again but) I sort of worked in Llandrindod

[ɬəndɹɪndəd] for a long time (Llandrindod [landɹɪndɒd]) […] and I work with a a girl from Carmarthen

quite closely)

WH

WH-W contrast (0:17:44 well it’s like round where [ʍɛː] we live people say ‘see’ “how are you, see” and

the end of the sentence will end with ‘see’ as in ‘see’)

GLIDES

J

yod-dropping with N (0:19:11 “it’s well good” I always say (‘well good’ yeah) (‘well good’?) yeah,

“that’s” (if if a particular programme on TV was well good, is it, or) yeah, or, “that’s well bad” (a game

or) “well bad news, [nuːz] that is” (‘well bad’?) yeah (what’s that?) well if it’s really bad news [nuːz] (it’s

‘real bad’))

yod coalescence (0:00:29 oh, last Friday um we did our entertainment which was entitled ‘A Daydream’

which um all of us thirty Clun members which we wrote and produced [pɹəʤuːst] ourselves; 0:03:50 I

think if you find you’re on the top of the hill five six miles what’ve you got to do nothing much come down

to Clun Tuesday [ʧuːzdɪ] night; 0:11:47 there is a lot but I just can’t think of them ’cause mum goes, “what

do you mean?” [wɒʔ ʤə miːn]; 0:54:416 we’re not we know we’re not like it so we’d just make it even

worse to let them think that we’re stupid [ʃʧuːpɪd])

ELISION

prepositions

frequent of reduction (e.g. 0:16:26 if you go into the middle of [ə] London we don’t have an English

accent, do we?; 0:25:37 but it it depends if you’re playing Monopoly13

obviously you’re not ‘arsing

around’ but if you’re jumping around and, you know, just ma… generally making a tit of [ə] yourself

you’re ‘arsing around’; 0:26:00 no I’d probably say ‘play’ as well I’d (just that) yeah, I can’t think of [ə]

nothing else really; 0:28:34 it’s a shame she wasn’t here she was the one who was supposed to be coming

she’s broke her ankle (‘possum picker’) but she makes up loads of [ə] sayings (‘possum picker’) like

‘possum picker’ is a term of affection (she ca…, yeah, she calls little, like, the, like, the little the little ones

in our club) (the young ones) (‘possum pickers’); 0:34:14 ‘slang’ is like a narrow bit in between two other

bits I suppose like a narrow thin field we call the ‘slang’ (right) and uh or it can mean another or an

alleyway sort of [ə] thing; 0:49:37 oh, it’s Powys now, yeah (Powys) (OK part of Powys) but it’s, like, the

central central part of [ə] Powys is Radnorshire; 0:52:14 I’m I’m sure the North Shropshire lot sort of [ə]

look down on us we’re a little bit hillbilly; 0:53:26 I think it’s funny I’d rather be different to the rest of [ə]

them ’cause I think we’re better than them really; 0:55:01 oh, they’re jealous of [ə] Clun a lot of [ə] people

from Shropshire uh Young Farmers (’cause our club’s building up) we got a good club in Clun and

everyone gets on so well there’s no bitchiness or nothing much between people)

negation

secondary contraction (0:01:14 (what was it like those two years?) well it was all right um bit of a

doss but (college years are always meant to be a doss) yeah […] that’s right that’s right you got to

enjoy it when you’re young, haven’t you? [anjuː]; 0:10:53 mum wouldn’t [wʊnʔ] know anything

about what that meant (my mum didn’t [dɪnʔ]) and also a lot of these words like on Little Britain8

and things (‘wicked’) yeah (and ‘wicked’ and, like, stuff like) sometimes ‘bad’ can mean ‘good’

apparently and stuff like that (“come on, mofo”) (‘mofo’ my mum didn’t [dɪnʔ] know what that



was); 0:14:09 I said it somewhere when I was miles away, you know, at a I know some wedding or

something, like, in the Lake District and they hadn’t [anʔ] got a clue what I meant but I couldn’t

understand that they couldn’t understand it; 0:37:26 yeah, “she’s for death row” […] meaning the

end of her life basically, isn’t it, [ɪnɪʰ] you know, I don’t (oh dear); 0:40:07 I got stopped by the

police one night on the way back from Newtown when I was driving because I had my fog-lights on

you see but I didn’t [dɪnʔ] realise)

simplification

frequent word final consonant cluster reduction (e.g. 0:01:14 (what was it like those two years?) well it

was all right um bit of a doss but (college years are always meant to be a doss) yeah […] that’s right that’s

right you got to enjoy it when you’re young, haven’t you? [anjuː]; 0:07:36 I probably just say ‘boiling’ or,

like, “Christ, it’s hot in here” or something I don’t know [dəʊnəʊ]; 0:14:09 I said it somewhere when I was

miles away, you know, at a I know some wedding or something, like, in the Lake District and they hadn’t

got a clue what I meant but I couldn’t [kʊdən] understand that they couldn’t [kʊdən] understand it;

0:24:50 if you weren’t very ‘dern’ you’d be a ‘dozy git’ I suppose, isn’t it, [ɪzn̩ɪʔ] (if you weren’t what?) if

you weren’t ‘dern’ you’d be a ‘dozy git’; 0:27:03 uh ‘whack’ is another I was going to say ‘pound’ [pʊn]

but Wayne nicked it so (yeah) (but ‘to whack’ you would say) yeah, ‘whack’ or ‘smack’ or ‘jack’; 0:28:34

it’s a shame she wasn’t [wɒzən] here she was the one who was supposed to be coming she’s broke her

ankle (‘possum picker’) but she makes up loads of sayings (‘possum picker’) like ‘possum picker’ is a term

of affection (she ca…, yeah, she calls little, like, the, like, the little the little ones in our club) (the young

ones) (‘possum pickers’); 0:37:26 yeah, “she’s for death row” […] meaning the end of her life basically,

isn’t it, [ɪnɪʰ] you know, I don’t (oh dear); 1:03:49 my would say ‘clothes’ [kləʊz] but, like, you hear people

say ‘clobber’ (yeah) and and ‘togs’ and stuff (yeah) there’s a saying what mum always says, “don’t cast a

clout until May is out”)

word medial consonant cluster reduction (0:00:29 oh, last Friday um we did our entertainment

[ɛnətɛɪnmənt] which was entitled ‘A Daydream’ which um all of us thirty Clun members which we wrote

and produced ourselves; 0:06:08 I’d probably [pɹɒbəli] either say ‘ill’ but I probably say I I feel ‘bad’ I

would say more than anything else; 0:08:19 “oh by Jilly Jangles, it’s cold in here” or something [sʌmɪn]

like that, you know […] or, ‘by jumping Jack Daniels’ or whichever way you, you know; 0:29:20 it’s a

word that we say in Clun but’d be recognisable [ɹɛkənəɪzəbɫ]̟ if you said, “her’s a munter”; 1:01:09 um I

just call it a ‘tool-box’ probably [pɹɒbəli] or something like that I guess and (OK) I’ve heard people call

them ‘spanners’; 1:04:25 (what would you call them?) ‘pumps’ (‘pumps’ you would say, Kate?) or

‘plimsolls’ [pɪmsɔʊʊz])

syllable deletion (0:00:41 and we um performed that for friends and family [famli] of the club then we had

a cheese and wine evening after; 0:06:08 I’d probably either say ‘ill’ but I probably [pɹɒbli] say I I feel

‘bad’ I would say more than anything else; 0:07:13 I think I would always say, “I’m boiling” I would

always just say ‘boiling’ I would never say ‘hot’ I might say ‘sweltering’ perhaps [pɹaps] but I think

generally ‘boiling’; 0:23:30 (have you come across this phrase ‘to play truant’?) yeah, she did yesterday

[jɛstdɛɪ]; 0:26:00 no I’d probably [pɹɒbli] say ‘play’ as well I’d (just that) yeah, I can’t think of nothing

else really; 0:33:35 (‘cofer’ I think that might be one) ‘cofer’ which is like a (sort of metal metal chest)

(‘chest’) yeah, chest thing to store medicines [mɛdsənz] in or whatever; 0:40:07 I got stopped by the police

[pliːs] one night on the way back from Newtown when I was driving because I had my fog-lights on you see

but I didn’t realise)

definite article reduction (0:26:50 it’s probably more the people [ðpiːpɫ̟] off the farms that’ll know what a

‘pounder’ is (yeah) (yeah) (the people out the town might not because they don’t have the understanding))

it reduction (0:40:02 (‘mizzle’ is that often used here?) yeah, yeah, it is [tɪz])



L-deletion (0:07:13 I think I would always [əʊwɪz] say, “I’m boiling” I would always [əʊwɪz] just say

‘boiling’ I would never say ‘hot’ I might say ‘sweltering’ perhaps but I think generally ‘boiling’; 0:10:14

people’d say it to me quite a lot ’cause they think I’m nesh (they think you’re nesh?) ’cause I’m always

[ɔːwɛɪz] cold; 0:17:13 we’d say, “how beest thee?” “how bist thee, boy?” is the other one (‘boy’, yeah)

(‘boy’) (“hello, all right?”) “how beest thee, boy?” (‘boy’) (‘boy’) and ‘surry’ (‘surry, yeah, that’s a good

one) “how be you, surry?” (oh ‘surry’) “surry, it’s cold” [kæʊd] or whatever; 0:19:35 well if I was

‘pleased’ about summat I’d say, “it be all right for a fiver” [ɔːɹəɪʔ fəɹ ə fəɪvɚ]; 0:32:20 I’ve alw… we’ve

always [ɔːwɪz] called them ‘tidling’ in our place (yeah, and we have) and when I went to college and said

‘tidling’ no one had a clue what I meant; 0:35:20 (so what would you say for somebody who is ‘good-

looking’?) (‘tidy’) (‘tidy’?) “her’s a bit of all right” [ɚːz ə bɪd əv ɔːɹəɪʔ] (what?) “her’s a bit of all right”

[ɚːz ə bɪd əv ɔːɹəɪʔ]; 1:02:30 and I also say someone was taking the pee out of me at work ’cause I always

[əʊwɪz] say after ‘or something’; 1:03:49 my would say ‘clothes’ but, like, you hear people say ‘clobber’

(yeah) and and ‘togs’ and stuff (yeah) there’s a saying what mum always [əʊwɪz] says, “don’t cast a clout


J-deletion (0:59:31 they’ll say something (yeah) just to try and provoke you [pɹəvəʊk uː] see what reaction

you give (yeah) (yeah) and usually if you fire back it it’ll just keep going like ping-pong and they’ll push

you as much as they can and wait for a reaction)

TH-deletion (0:09:18 if you you can ‘clem’ sheep if you put them [əm] on a field not much grass that’s

what we would say; 0:09:36 you wean your ewes you put them [əm] on a poor pasture so they dry up so the

milk dries up for a few weeks; 0:12:06 we qu… I quite often say, “that’s [aʔs] a bit random” and they don’t

understand what that means; 0:31:39 um a lot of agricultural words (yeah) like ‘want’ is a ‘mole’ […] you

often hear older people I wouldn’t really call them [əm] that but a lot of my gran would say ‘want’

meaning ‘mole’)

W-deletion (0:31:39 um a lot of agricultural words (yeah) like ‘want’ [ʊnt] is a ‘mole’ […] you often hear

older people I wouldn’t really call them that but a lot of my gran would say ‘want’ [ʊnt] meaning ‘mole’;

0:31:55 a ‘molehill’s an ‘wanty tump’ [ən ʌnti tʌmp] is it […] ’cause a ‘tump’s, like, a ‘hill’; 0:48:08

(‘missus’ or ‘bird’) (or your ‘woman’ [wʊmən] perhaps) (‘woman’ [wʊmən]) (‘or your ‘woman’?) (yeah)

‘the old woman’ [ði ɔʊl ʊmən] is another one (or the ‘better half’))

LIAISON

linking R (0:01:35 well joking and serious really I d… there isn’t [ðɛːɹ ɪzənʔ] going to be much of a future

in farming [fjuːʧəɹ ɪn fɑ˞ːmɪn] the way Tony Blair’s15

running this country; 0:22:24 basically if you’re

having [ɪf jəɹ avɪn] a tactical chunder or a tactical spew [taktɪkəɫ ʧʌndəɹ ɔːɹ ə taktɪkəɫ spjuː] after ten

pints or you feel you’re full you go outside s… chuck up chunder away [ʧʌndəɹ əwɛɪ] and then carry on

drinking)

zero linking R (0:00:29 oh, last Friday um we did our entertainment [ɑː ɛnətɛɪnmənt] which was entitled

‘A Daydream’ which um all of us thirty Clun members which we wrote and produced ourselves; 0:31:39

um a lot of agricultural words (yeah) like ‘want’ is a ‘mole’ […] you often hear older [ɪə ɔʊɫdə] people I

wouldn’t really call them that but a lot of my gran would say ‘want’ meaning ‘mole’)

intrusive R (0:42:51 it was Serena I think [səɹiːnəɹ a θɪŋk]; 1:06:14 (Kate, have you got a favourite word?)

I haven’t really got a favourite one but ‘chuffed’ or, “chuffing Nora” or something [ʧʌfɪn nɔːɹəɹ ɔː

sʌmθɪn])

EPENTHESIS



J-onglide (0:31:15 (Nathan?) ‘wrong in the head’ [ɹɒŋ ɪn ðə jʌd] […] ‘head’ [jʌd] is ‘head’ [hɛd] and

‘dead’ is ‘dead’ […] (“her’s a bit dead” ‘her’s dead’))

LEXICALLY SPECIFIC VARIATION

again (0:07:02 it completely depends again [əgɛn] on the temperature and the circumstance I

suppose)

(be)cause (0:26:50 (it’s probably more the people off the farms that’ll know what a ‘pounder’ is) (yeah)

(yeah) the people out the town might not because [bɪkəz] they don’t have the understanding; 0:53:26 I

think it’s funny I’d rather be different to the rest of them ’cause [kəz] I think we’re better than them really)

come on17

(0:10:53 (mum wouldn’t know anything about what that meant) (my mum didn’t) (and also a lot

of these words like on Little Britain8 and things) (‘wicked’) (yeah) (and ‘wicked’ and, like, stuff like)

(sometimes ‘bad’ can mean ‘good’ apparently and stuff like that) “come on, [ʃaməʊn] mofo” (‘mofo’ my

mum didn’t know what that was))

either (0:06:08 I’d probably either [iːðə] say ‘ill’ but I probably say I I feel ‘bad’ I would say more

than anything else; 0:58:44 no, you’d sort of go into the White Horse and fair do’s you’ve got quite

a mixture of people either [əɪðɚ] from the towns from the cities from the back of beyond and

everyone sort of gets on and you sort of have a bit of a jest with each other)

often (0:12:06 we qu… I quite often [ɒftən] say, “that’s a bit random” and they don’t understand what that

means; 0:14:58 I said that quite often [ɒftən] happens (does it?) people don’t know what I mean; 0:31:39

um a lot of agricultural words (yeah) like ‘want’ is a ‘mole’ […] you often [ɒfən] hear older people I

wouldn’t really call them that but a lot of my gran would say ‘want’ meaning ‘mole’)

says (0:08:00 (Nathan) (‘cold’) (again) (‘cold’) (‘cold’?) (‘cold’) my brother says [sɛz] that; 1:03:49 my

would say ‘clothes’ but, like, you hear people say ‘clobber’ (yeah) and and ‘togs’ and stuff (yeah) there’s a

saying what mum always says, [sɛz] “don’t cast a clout until May is out”)

GRAMMAR

DETERMINERS

definite article reduction (0:26:50 it’s probably more th’ people off the farms that’ll know what a

‘pounder’ is (yeah) (yeah) (the people out the town might not because they don’t have the understanding))

PRONOUNS

him in coordinate subjects (0:20:02 it’s a new thing him and Matt kind of do (no, Matt never) (I think it’s

fair to say Nathan is very unique to the area))

2psg thee (0:16:43 down in Cardiff today and you sort come and go and see your colleagues, “how bist

thee?” just out of (yeah) just to see what they do and they just look at you like if you’re complete stark

raving bonkers; 0:17:13 we’d say, “how beest thee?” “how beest thee, boy?” is the other one (‘boy’, yeah)

(‘boy’) (“hello, all right?”) “how beest thee, boy?” (‘boy’) (‘boy’) and ‘surry’ (‘surry, yeah, that’s a good

one) “how be you, surry?” (oh ‘surry’) “surry, it’s cold” or whatever 0:45:28 if you go down to Cardiff

and say to someone, “how beest thee?” they just look at you like if you’re absolutely gaga)

17

This pronunciation is consciously ‘performed’ in imitation of Leigh Jackson’s parody of US singer Michael Jackson (1958-

2009) in Channel 4 sketch show Bo’Selecta! (see footnote 1).



pronoun exchange (0:28:05 um “her’s a minger” or, “her’s minging” ‘ugly as fuck’; 0:31:15 (Nathan?)

‘wrong in the head’ […] ‘head’ is ‘head’ and ‘dead’ is ‘dead’ […] (“her’s a bit dead” ‘her’s dead’);

0:29:20 it’s a word that we say in Clun but’d be recognisable if you said, “her’s a munter”; 0:35:20 (so

what would you say for somebody who is ‘good-looking’?) (‘tidy’) (‘tidy’?) “her’s a bit of all right”

(what?) “her’s a bit of all right”; 0:37:02 if if she’s having a baby, “her’d be calving” or, “her’d be

pupping” is the other one (yeah, people do say) ‘pupping’ (yeah, I’ve heard people say it) (really?) “her’s

pupping” (“her’s in pup”) (they do say, “she’s in”, yeah, they do say it “her’s in lamb” I’ve heard that

before))

PRONOUNS

present

be (0:16:43 down in Cardiff today and you sort come and go and see your colleagues, “how bist thee?”

just out of (yeah) just to see what they do and they just look at you like if you’re complete stark raving

bonkers; 0:17:13 we’d say, “how beest thee?” “how beest thee, boy?” is the other one (‘boy’, yeah) (‘boy’)

(“hello, all right?”) “how beest thee, boy?” (‘boy’) (‘boy’) and ‘surry’ (‘surry, yeah, that’s a good one)

“how be you, surry?” (oh ‘surry’) “surry, it’s cold” or whatever 0:45:28 if you go down to Cardiff and say

to someone, “how beest thee?” they just look at you like if you’re absolutely gaga)

past

generalisation of simple past (0:28:34 it’s a shame she wasn’t here she was the one who was supposed to

be coming she’s broke her ankle (‘possum picker’) but she makes up loads of sayings (‘possum picker’)

like ‘possum picker’ is a term of affection (she ca…, yeah, she calls little, like, the, like, the little the little

ones in our club) (the young ones) (‘possum pickers’); 0:46:01 well our oldest cousin couldn’t say ‘granny’

so I think that’s where that come from (she said ‘anny’))

compounds

zero auxiliary have (0:01:14 (what was it like those two years?) well it was all right um bit of a doss but

(college years are always meant to be a doss) yeah […] that’s right that’s right you _ got to enjoy it when

you’re young, haven’t you?; 0:51:51 that’s why we _ got such in a good little community I reckon; 0:55:01

oh, they’re jealous of Clun a lot of people from Shropshire uh Young Farmers (’cause our club’s building

up) we _ got a good club in Clun and everyone gets on so well there’s no bitchiness or nothing much

between people)

zero auxiliary would (0:19:35 well if I was ‘pleased’ about summat I’d say, “it _ be all right for a fiver”;

0:19:53 summat I conjured up when I was drunk, “it _ be all right for a fiver”)

invariant there is (0:11:47 there is a lot but I just can’t think of them ’cause mum goes, “what do you

mean?”)

NEGATION

multiple negation (0:22:58 but you can’t talk to no girls after that but we we never do anyway; 0:26:00 no

I’d probably say ‘play’ as well I’d (just that) yeah, I can’t think of nothing else really)

never as sentential negator (0:19:08 I never used to say it when I was little I’m sure but I do now all the

time)

PREPOSITIONS

preposition deletion (0:26:50 (it’s probably more th’ people off the farms that’ll know what a ‘pounder’

is) (yeah) (yeah) the people out _ the town might not because they don’t have the understanding)



substitution

off [= from] (0:04:24 we’re not just all off farms, are we, but the we have people moving in from the towns

cities; 0:26:50 it’s probably more th’ people off the farms that’ll know what a ‘pounder’ is (yeah) (yeah)

(the people out the town might not because they don’t have the understanding); 0:29:32 ‘munchkin’ (what’s

that?) for ‘unattractive’ (a ‘munchkin’) yeah, but that’s sort of off the Wizard of Oz4 or something)

ADVERBS

unmarked degree modifier adverb (0:16:43 down in Cardiff today and you sort come and go and

see your colleagues, “how bist thee?” just out of (yeah) just to see what they do and they just look

at you like if you’re complete stark raving bonkers; 0:19:11 (“it’s well good” I always say) (‘well

good’ yeah) (‘well good’?) (yeah, “that’s”) (if if a particular programme on TV was well good, is

it, or) (yeah, or, “that’s well bad”) (a game or) (“well bad news, that is”) (‘well bad’?) (yeah)

(what’s that?) (well if it’s really bad news) it’s ‘real bad’; 0:59:04 if you go in the pub everyone

knows who you are and they all go, “hi, Kate” and stuff it’s real friendly; 1:07:08 he’s a real good

singer too (oh, singer as well?) (yeah) yeah, got a real good high voice)

DISCOURSE

utterance final like (1:00:38 ‘tackle’? (does that have another meaning?) (yes) it does have another

meaning, yeah, it means your um (‘meat and two veg’) your ‘Jilly Jangles’, like)

utterance final see (0:17:44 well it’s like round where we live people say ‘see’ “how are you, see” and the

end of the sentence will end with ‘see’ as in ‘see’)

utterance internal like (0:07:36 I probably just say ‘boiling’ or, like, “Christ, it’s hot in here” or

something I don’t know; 0:34:38 the one in uh Clun valley another one’s a ‘brummock’ (what’s that)

meaning uh like a hacker for hedging, you know, you’ve got, like, a blade; 0:49:37 oh, it’s Powys now,

yeah (Powys) (OK part of Powys) but it’s, like, the central central part of Powys is Radnorshire)

intensifier well (0:18:35 (Ryan is ‘chuffed’) or ‘well chuffed’ […] ‘well pleased’ I’d say; 0:19:11

“it’s well good” I always say (‘well good’ yeah) (‘well good’?) yeah, “that’s” (if if a particular

programme on TV was well good, is it, or) yeah, or, “that’s well bad” (a game or) “well bad news,

that is” (‘well bad’?) yeah (what’s that?) well if it’s really bad news (it’s ‘real bad’))

quotative like (0:45:37 (what would you say?) “all right, man” (‘all right, man’?) yeah, and

they’re like, “what?”)

quotative go (0:11:47 there is a lot but I just can’t think of them ’cause mum goes, “what do you mean?”;

0:59:04 if you go in the pub everyone knows who you are and they all go, “hi, Kate” and stuff it’s real

friendly)

invariant tag (0:24:50 if you weren’t very ‘dern’ you’d be a ‘dozy git’ I suppose, isn’t it, (if you weren’t

what?) if you weren’t ‘dern’ you’d be a ‘dozy git’)

form of address boy (0:17:13 we’d say, “how beest thee?” “how bist thee, boy?” is the other one

(‘boy’, yeah) (‘boy’) (“hello, all right?”) “how beest thee, boy?” (‘boy’) (‘boy’) and ‘surry’


form of address man (0:45:37 (what would you say?) “all right, man” (‘all right, man’?) yeah,

and they’re like, “what?”)

form of address surry (0:17:13 we’d say, “how beest thee?” “how bist thee, boy?” is the other one

(‘boy’, yeah) (‘boy’) (“hello, all right?”) “how beest thee, boy?” (‘boy’) (‘boy’) and ‘surry’


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