Concept of Leadership

• A personal quality of an individual or a person • An important and necessary skill for achieving

the performance• An essential element of management .• The process of influencing others to work

towards the attainment of goal.• The ability to influence the activities of others

through communication, towards the accomplishment of challenging goals.

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Definitions

• Robert Kreitner:“leadership is a social influence process

in which the leader seeks the voluntary participation of subordinates in an effort to reach organizational objectives.”

• Stephen P. Robbins :“Leadership is the ability to influence a group towards achievements of goals.”

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Meaning:

• Leadership is the process of influencing and inspiring the behavior of other.

• The core of leadership is influence

• Its about persuading and motivating the followers to attain better performance for the achievement of common goal.

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• Leadership involves three key elements. They are

Leadership as Process – influence of position to direct, motivate, and coordinate the group activities

Leadership as Property- use personal traits and characteristics to change the attitude of others . Special trait differentiate him from the rest.

Leadership as Power- ability to exert force in getting things done or making things happen.

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Characteristics of Leadership

• Process of interpersonal influence • Leader and followers• Common goals• Blend of inspiration, motivation and

communication • Continuous exercise

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Leadership Vs Management

• Both of them are inter- related • Leadership is a component of management • Management includes planning, organizing, leading

and controlling functions for achieving goals.• Leadership involves influencing people in achieving the

goals set by the management .• Management uses formal authority in making people

work• Leadership involves creating influence by the use of

personal traits in motivating and inspiring people to give better performance.

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Function of Leadership

Directing • Sharing organizational mission, vision and

objective • Guiding and leading people • Divide jobs• Give instructions • Assign responsibilities

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Function of Leadership

Supervising • Watching, coaching and examining the

subordinates • Ensuring the execution of orders in time • Helps to improve the performance

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Function of Leadership

• Motivating • Creating willingness to work • Making others work to achieve organization’s

objectives as a means to satisfy their needs• Motivate by giving challenging jobs, healthy

environment, sense of belongingness etc

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Function of Leadership

Communicating • Establishing understanding • Formally and informally providing

information • Interacting to reduce conflict

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Function of Leadership

Mediating • Negotiating between two conflicting parties • Act as a mediator to resolve the conflict • Solve problem

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Importance of Leadership

• To make people work up to their potential

• To direct people psychologically towards goal accomplishment

• To transform a passive group into active one

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Leadership Styles

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Autocratic Leadership Style

Autocratic Style • Known as authoritarian and dictatorial

leadership • Centralization of decision making authority

and power• Limits participation of subordinates in decision

making • Works as dictator • Defines what to do and how to do the work • Do not take any suggestion from the

subordinates 15

Autocratic Style • Use statements like “ Do what you are told

and do not ask any questions”• Leads to poor morale, frustration and conflict

between leaders and followers • Holds threat of penalties and punishment with

rewards and praises too• Take credit for accomplishments but put

blame for failure on their subordinates

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Autocratic Style

• Style is appropriate and works when:– subordinates lack training, experience and

knowledge about the goals, plans and strategies of the organization

– Leader prefers to be dominant and active in decision making

– There is no room for error in performance

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Autocratic Style

• ADVANTAGES• Quick decision making • Maintain discipline

• DISADVATAGES• Negative motivation • Lack development of

subordinates • One way

communication • Not preferred by

subordinates

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Autocratic leadership

• Strict autocracy – use negative motivation like threatening them with penalty, punishment, demotion etc.

• Benevolent autocracy – positive motivation like incentives , promotion, remuneration etc

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Democratic Leadership Style

Democratic Style • Participative Style • Decentralized authority and decision making • Encourage subordinate to participate in decision

making • Plans and policies are prepared by upper level

whereas subordinates are responsible for their implementation

• Improve job satisfaction and morale of employees

• Shows concern for needs, feelings and desire of employees

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Democratic Style

• Follow performance based reward system • Two way communication between the top

level (instruction and guidance)and subordinates (achievement, problems and suggestion)

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Democratic Style

• Style is appropriate and works when:

– Subordinates are trained, experienced and skilled – Goals and objectives have been effectively

communicated to subordinates – Subordinates are active and enthusiastic– Willing to participate in organizational matters

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Democratic style • ADVANTAGES• Development of

subordinates • Better decision making

with the views of subordinates

• Increase employee satisfaction

• Subordinates become responsible

• Two way communication

• DISADVATAGES• Time consuming for

decision making • Leader may be

misinterpreted as incompetent and inefficient

• Leaders may try to avoid responsibility

• May cause indiscipline

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Laissez-Faire Leadership Style

Laissez-Faire or Free rein Style

• Leader delegates the decision making authority to subordinates

• Subordinates plan, organize, motivate and control their own activities

• They are responsible for their own actions

• Leader avoids power and responsibility

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Laissez-Faire or Free rein Style

• Role of leader is to provide advice and direction as demanded by the employees.

• Enjoy freedom

• Self directed, self motivated and self controlled subordinates

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Laissez-Faire or Free rein Style

• Style is appropriate and works when:• Goals have been well communicated to

subordinates • Subordinates have accepted their goals • The leader is interested in delegating

authority • Subordinates are highly qualified and trained

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Laissez-Faire or Free rein Style

• ADVANTAGES• High level of motivation

as group runs on its own

• High development of employees

• Higher job satisfaction

• DISADVATAGES• No proper direction

provided (lack focus)• Lack of prompt decision

making • People avoids

responsibility • Problem of

coordination is created

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Command and Authority in Management Hierarchy

Assignment

• Differentiate between Democratic and Autocratic leadership style

• Differentiate between Democratic and Laissez- Faire leadership style

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General Questions

• Define leadership • State any three functions of leadership• Why is leadership important ?• State any two advantages of autocratic

leadership style • Explain democratic leadership style along

with its importance

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Qualities of Leadership • Vision and Foresight• Intelligence • Sense of responsibility • Trustworthy • Emotional maturity • Technical knowledge • Organizing ability • Motivation and communication skill • Ability of judgment • Human relation expert

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Vision and Foresight• Should know where the organization wants to be

in future

• A leader must have vision and foresight of how to begin the work and how to achieve organizational objectives.

• Must be farsighted

• Guide and lead the subordinates

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Intelligence

• Mental quality of a leader

• Ability to deal with complex and difficult types of problems and situation

• Analytical ability

• Should be able to carry out logical analysis

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Sense of responsibility

• Should be morally responsible for activities done under his/her supervision

• Must be accountable for his/her action as well as actions of employees working under him/her

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Trustworthy

• The ability to be honest, integrity and fair in implementing organizational policies and decisions.

• A leader needs to be trusted by the employees.

• The employees under his supervision blindly trust him.

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Emotional maturity

• Emphasize on maintaining patience while taking decision

• Should be clam and collective • Storms, emotions, and crises come and go and

a good leader takes these as part of the journey and keeps a cool head.

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Technical knowledge

• Should have basic technical knowledge on all activities done in the organization

• Should be able to guide the employees technically so that the work can be done in efficient and economic way

• Should upgrade his knowledge as well

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Organizing ability

• Systematize the work place

• Appropriate division of work

• Arrange necessary material and physical facilities at work place

• Maintain coordination among the employees

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Motivation and Communication skill

• Should be able to create willingness to work in the employees

• Able to apply motivation techniques like giving out incentives, recognition, promotions etc

• Communication skill to maintain up to date relation with employees

• Focus two way communication and interaction

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Ability of Judgment

• Ability to understand the effect of one’s actions on coworkers, on the organization, on customers, suppliers, and the community at large

• Ability to take right and rational decision • Should be able to avoid nepotism and

favoritism

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Human relation expert

• Should know how to maintain relationship with the stakeholders of the organization

• Should understand the feelings , needs and desire of employees

• Has to deal in a polite and friendly way

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