Bauhina Genome slides for school visit
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Everything you wanted to know about DNA, via Bauhinia flowers
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Transcript of Bauhina Genome slides for school visit
Everything you wanted to know about DNA, via Bauhinia flowers
What is molecular biology?
http://biology.clc.uc.edu/fankhauser/labs/genetics/dna_isolation/thymus_dna.htm
What do we know about DNA?Watson & Crick (based on data from Franklin) crack structure
The language of heredity & evolutionWatson & Crick (based on data from Franklin) crack structure
http://www.ck12.org/book/CK-12-Biology/section/8.1/http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_ocr_pre_2011/growth_development/genesrev1.shtml
The language of heredity & evolutionWatson & Crick (based on data from Franklin) crack structure
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_ocr_pre_2011/growth_development/genesrev1.shtml
Not binary code (1+0), but 4 bases64 combinations for 20 amino acids
What do we know about DNA?
How many letters (bases) in the Human Genome?
What do we know about DNA?
How many letters (bases) in the Human Genome?
3 billion basepairs (3Gbp, or 6Gbp if you count we are diploid)
What do we know about DNA?
How many letters (bases) in the Human Genome?
3 billion basepairs (3Gbp, or 6Gbp if you count we are diploid)
Stretching it out, how long would all the DNA in a (10μm) cell be?
What do we know about DNA?
How many letters (bases) in the Human Genome?
3 billion basepairs (3Gbp, or 6Gbp if you count we are diploid)
Stretching it out, how long would all the DNA in a (10μm) cell be?
2m long
What do we know about DNA?
How many letters (bases) in the Human Genome?
3 billion basepairs (3Gbp, or 6Gbp if you count we are diploid)
Stretching it out, how long would all the DNA in a cell be?
2m long
Stretching out all of the DNA in all your 50T cells how many times would it stretch to the moon and back?
What do we know about DNA?
How many letters (bases) in the Human Genome?
3 billion basepairs (3Gbp, or 6Gbp if you count we are diploid)
Stretching it out, how long would all the DNA in a cell be?
2m long
Stretching out all of the DNA in all your 50T cells how many times would it stretch to the moon and back?
100,000 times
From: http://www.jpgmonline.com/text.asp?2002/48/3/232/95
Fred Sanger figures out how to read DNA…
http://www.cambridge.org/asia/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9781107083349
So we decided to read it all!
Source: http://www.genome.gov/Images/press_photos/highres/38-300.jpg
Human Genome Project: 1990-2003. 1 Genome = $3 Billion
Post-Human Genome Project
1st Gen
2nd (next) Gen
Source: http://www.genome.gov/sequencingcosts/
Now at $1,000!
Sequencing in the field & clinic for biodiversity studies and medical testing.
Produces real-time data, can diagnose infectious disease in minutes. Used during Ebola crisis in W Africa.http://theconversation.com/how-a-small-backpack-for-fast-genomic-sequencing-is-helping-combat-ebola-41863
Not just giant machines. Nanopore sequencing.
So many things you can do with sequencing…study biodiversity
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320714004443 Fig 1. Environmental DNA studies detecting species from environmental samples.
So many things you can do with sequencing…study microbiome
You have more microbe than human cells (up to 10x more).
So many things you can do with sequencing…study ancient DNA
http://www.nature.com/news/dna-has-a-521-year-half-life-1.11555
Oldest species sequenced to date = 700,000 years old. DNA half life = 521 years. Is Jurassic Park possible?
?
We don’t just read DNA now…
Synthetic Biology &Genome Editing
From K Chow
Meet Synthia
http://www.bbc.com/news/10134341
Meet Synthia
The first genome designed by computer.
July 2, 2010
What would you like to make with synthetic DNA?How far should this work go? Any ethical concerns?
GENOMICS IN HONG KONG
BGI HK “Chamber O’Illumina’s”
Brought HK the worlds largest sequencing capacity
Genomics: something we are good at
http://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/sep/01/dennis-lo-prenatal-research-cancer
Why is important? Need people to handle the biggest, "big data"
Big Data: Astronomical or Genomical?http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.1002195
"by 2025, it is possible that as many as 25% of the population in developed nations and half of that in less-developed nations will have their genomes sequenced”
Need to build skills & awareness in HK
Brought to you by: HK CUHK
…and the people of Hong Kong
An emblematic genome project
A historical mystery that needs solving
?
Botanical & Afforestation Department, 1903: "The mysterious origin of the tree and its magnificent flowers at once arrest the interest. … So far, all efforts to identify them with any foreign species have failed"
Jean-Marie Delavay
Hybrids: like a Liger?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liger#/media/File:Liger_couple.jpg
The Hong Kong Orchid: not an orchid
An icon that needs protectingSusceptibility to disease?
Other uses for Bauhinia?
Latin name
Common name
(Nepal) Edible use Other useBauhinia purpurea Tanki
Flowers and young shoots eaten as vegetable. Leaves used as fodder.
Bauhinia valii BhorlaPods eaten as vegetable.
Fruits edible.
Stem bark used to make ropes.Leaves used to make umbrella
Traditional plates for ritual functions.
Bark juice used as fermenting material and to cure blood
dysentery.
Bauhinia variegata Koiralo
Young shoots and leaves eaten as vegetable. Flowers eaten as vegetable or used
to make pickle. N/A
http://bauhiniagenome.hk/get-involved/education/edible-bauhinia/
Tasty Emblem? Eaten in Nepal
Recipe: http://bauhiniagenome.hk/get-involved/education/recipe-koirala-achaar/
Help needed assembling the puzzle600M bp genome
Tricky hybrid genome
Need to assemble parents first
Chemicals cost $10,000 USD
Use university student projectshttp://bauhiniagenome.hk/
With Parts Made in (BGI) Hong Kong
A project that needs supporting
@bauhiniagenome #bauhinawatchhttps://www.facebook.com/BauhiniaGenome
http://bauhiniagenome.hk/
http://igg.me/at/bauhinia Follow us:
#bauhiniawatch
http://bauhiniagenome.hk/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Bauhinia-identification-table.pdf
#bauhiniawatch
http://bauhiniagenome.hk/2015/12/bauhinia-watch-the-movie/
Extract your own DNA – how to guide
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/labs/extraction/howto/ http://www.stevespanglerscience.com/lab/experiments/strawberry-dna/
Any Questions?
Extra discussion: Is Bauhinia a GMO?
http://www.geneticliteracyproject.org/2014/06/19/how-your-food-would-look-if-not-genetically-modified-over-millennia /
In a way, all our food has been Genetically Modified
Hybrids are key to agriculture
http://www.slideshare.net/hannahreed/selective-breeding-powerpoint
