Baudl Novice Pack 2011 2012

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Police and CrimeStarter Pack

BAUDL

Fall 2011

POLICEANDCRIME !OUDECIDE

Since 1982, the United States has been engaged in what has been called a Waron Drugs among other things, this War is a strategy to deal with the rise ocrac!"cocaine use in urban communities# $ne o its lasting eects has been anincrease in %olice %resence in &merican cities#

&t the same time, not unrelated, urban communities in the United States ha'eseen a continuing tide o 'iolence and crime, and many ha'e turned to increasedunding or %olice as a solution to this 'ery serious %roblem# (ut the 'iolencedoes not only ha%%en within communities) in some cases this 'iolence is%er%etuated by those assigned to %rotect such communities the %olicethemsel'es leading many to *uestion whether %olice might actually ma!e%roblems worse#So, what should be done? Should we maintain and increase funding forthe police, or direct our resources to other programs?

+he &irmati'e lan is a %olicy %ro%osal to reduce police presence in urbancommunities throughout the United States. +his side o the debate claims toma!e a %ositi'e dierence through three main ad'antages- clearing the way oryouth %rograms) creating .obs) and ma!ing it %ossible or communities to bandtogether to %rotect themsel'es#

+he negati'e argues that reducing the %olice %resence in urban communities willonly lead to more 'iolence and the ta!eo'er o gangs in urban communities# /talso argues that community %olicing is a %ositi'e strategy in reducing %oliceabuse and ma!ing our cities more sae#

Who is right and who is wrong0 +he answer is u% to you#

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"ELCOMEAND#O$$IPS

"elcome to De%ate&

Debate is an o%%ortunity or you to build your 'oice and be heard#

When you debate, you will ha'e the chance to s%ea! your mind on to%ics rom/ra* to %o'erty in the inner city, and to %ro'e your s!ills against young %eo%lerom all o'er the bay# Debate is a s%ort- it calls on you to .oin a team, re%resentyour school, and win tro%hies, cham%ionshi%s, and %ries# / you commit yourselto this s%ort you will ha'e much un) most im%ortantly, you will gain the tools tobetter yoursel, to earn college scholarshi%s, and to s%ea! u% or your entirecommunity#

"'at i( De%ate)

Debate is a com%etition between two teams, each with two debaters# $ne teamta!es the &irmati'e, %ro%osing a %lan to change the world and e%laining why itis a good idea# +he other team is the 3egati'e, who attac!s the %lan and tries to%ro'e that it will do more harm than good#

+here are 8 s%eeches and 4 cross"eaminations in a debate round# 5ou and your%artner will each ta!e the lead on 2 s%eeches 61 7onstructi'e and 1 ebuttal and1 cross"eamination#

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#O"$OUSE$#ISPAC*

;'ery %age o this %ac! ollows a ormula designed or two %ur%oses- to gi'e youthe su%%ort you need to ma!e solid arguments, and to challenge you to ma!ethese arguments creati'e and com%elling#

$'e (et+,-&

+he bo at the to% o each %age gi'es anintroduction to what the %age


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reerring bac! to in all your s%eeches# Some cards ha'e the most im%ortant %artsunderlined already, and some you will ha'e to underline yoursel#

;n.oy and remember that the key to debate is your creative voice#

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Fall 2011

BAC*ROUNDANDFAC$S

Crime and Sa3et

4&45o all high school students eel too unsae to go to school, 165re%ortcarrying a wea%on, 74&45were in a %hysical ight# 6Deborah rothrow"Stith, =D 2??9

=ore than 8209000young %eo%le ages 1?to 24 were treated inemergencyde%artments or

in.uries sustained rom'iolence in 2??@#6Deborah rothrow"Stith, =D 2??9

$'e Co(t

=edical and lost %roducti'ity costs associated with 'iolence range rom

more than :80 %illion to :146 %illiona year# 7riminal .ustice costsaccount or more# Aor eam%le, criminal .ustice costs related to gang'iolence in Bos &ngeles 7ounty alone total :1&14 %illionannually 6Deborahrothrow"Stith, =D 2??9#

$a!land s%ends 4?C o its city budget on %olice 6SA 7hronicle 2?1?) SanArancisco s%ends C 635 +imes 2?1?#

Pri(on( and Arre(t(

/n 2??:, there were an estimated 2&2 millionarrests o youth in the USwere White) 285were (lac!) 25were &sian) and 15were &merican/ndian# 6USD$E 2??@

&rican &mericans ma!e u% only745o the total %o%ulation in$a!land, but re%resented morethan 885o the homicide 'ictimsin the years 2??2"2??4 6&lameda7ounty ublic Fealth De%artment2??>#

@

Police Mi(cond,ct;NPMSRP20111 Uni*ue re%orts o %olicemisconduct trac!ed

>9>17 " 3umber o sworn lawenorcement oicers in'ol'ed 6:>4were agency leaders such as chies orsheris

>962> " 3umber o alleged 'ictimsin'ol'ed

2=8 3umber o atalities associatedwith trac!ed re%orts

:7=>94129600 ;stimated amount

Crime( -er100* Re(ident(;in 200>1 88@ 2?@

A((a,lt :2@ 9?@ ::Larcen $'e3t :2?2 2188 2@?2$otal 467= 2>=4 ==60


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+he ollowing are the rates o %eo%le currently in %rison 6&7BU 2?1?-

Men "omen

"'ite 1 in 1?@ 1 in :>>#i(-anic

1 in :@ 1 in 29

Black 1 in 1> 1 in 1??

cos s#


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Fall 2011

EVIDENCE

FORTHE

AFFIRMATIVE

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1AC

Brooks9 1???9 @Fear and 3airne(( in t'e cit Criminal en3orcement and-erce-tion( o3 3airne(( in minorit comm,nitie(& So,t'ern Cali3orniaLa. Reie.

Blacks in central city neighborhoods are more likely than any other group to perceive crime as a

problem. They have the highest rates of violent crimes victimization and they are seven times morelikely to be murdered than whites. Grim statistics like these, along with impassioned personalaccounts of violent encounters and heroic daily efforts to avoid such encounters, have led race and

criminal law scholars, such as Randall Kennedy, to epress a seemingly natural though

unconventional claim! "rustrated and overwhelmedby gangs, drugs and crime, blacks in high crimeneighborhoods welcome disproportionately tough criminal sanctions and epanded police

discretion. This claim, which # label the $urban frustration argument,% remains unconventional

because &frican &mericans are broadly viewed to perceive law enforcement with suspicion anddistrust. This perception of distrust has been significantly bolstered by recent reports of etreme

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In'erenc

Ri/'t no.9 -eo-le in ,r%an comm,nitie( 3ear criminal actiit9 %,t t'eal(o 3ear t'e -olice& $'i( create( a (it,ation t'at cant %e 3ied .it'o,t

Use an eam%le or a%iece o e'idence to

show why %eo%le earcrime and the %olice#

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police misconduct in ma'or urban areas such as (hicago, )os &ngeles, *ew +ork (ity, andhiladelphia.

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1AC

ichie and =ogul, 2?? /n the shadows o the war on terror- ersistant olice(rutality and the abuse o %eo%le o color in the United States#

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#arm(

What %roblems with%olice are going on

here and now in the(ay0

Police in(tit,tion( 'ae done more 'arm t'an /ood 3or more t'an a

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1AC

$',( .e o33er t'e 3ollo.in/ -lan

7ity go'ernments in the United States should substantiallyreduce %olice %resence in urban communities#

We will clariy our intent#

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+ell more about the what iswrong with %olice systems now#


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1AC SOLENC!

ane((aBarker 9 2010& @E-lainin/ t'e reat American Crime Decline AReie. o3 Bl,m(tein and "allman9 old%er/er and Ro(en3eld9 andimrin/& Law & Social Inuiry9 ol,me 749 I((,e 29 -a/e( =6?41>9S-rin/ 2010

&lthough these ma'or changes in policing coincided with falling crime rates and public officials- claimsabout police efficacy, researchers are skeptical about the degree of relationship between the two trends.ost analysts do not think that the larger police forces lowered crime rates, but some proffer that certain

innovations may have had an effect.

Two skeptics, /ohn 0ck and 0dward aguire 123345, in Blumstein and 6allman-s 2334 edited volume,The (rime 7rop in &merica, provide one of the most thorough reviews on policing research to date. 0ck

and aguire conclude that there is no empirical evidence to support claims that increased manpower led

to a decrease in violent crime, pointing out that crime rates fell dramatically in many big cities like 8an

7iego, 8eattle, and 7allas without significant increases in policing.23 Taking a close look at twenty9seven studies 1with eighty9nine dependent variables5 of the effects of police strength on violent crime,

0ck and aguire found that in :; percent of the analyses there was no effect< in 30 percent, an

increase in the nu!er o" po#ice per capita $as associate% $ith an increase in the reporte% crierate< and in 23 percent, more police strength was associated with a decrease in the reported crime rate

10ck and aguire 2334, Table =.>, 2>>?>@5.2>

Gerry Shih, 2?1?# &s (udget Ga%s Widen, San Arancisco olice Salaries Grow#3ew 5or! +imes, =arch 2@# etrie'ed rom'tt-GG...&ntime(&comG2010G07G2>G,(G2>(3(a3et&'tml#

$6hen # sit down with my constituency,% said 8upervisor 7avid (ampos, who was on the policecommission before running for district office, $the feeling # get is they want the police, but they donAtwant the police being the best compensated in the country when weAre shutting down gyms and pools.%

e added! $There are violence9prevention programs, after school programs, programs for youth, they

are all critical components of the policing. 8hould they be the best compensated in the country at a timewhen weAre cutting all these servicesC # donAt think that should be the case.%

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More -olice are not t'e an(.er to t'e -ro%lem&

TagIt:

TagIt:
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/26/us/26sfsafety.htmlhttp://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/26/us/26sfsafety.html


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Fall 2011

1AC SOLENC! SELF+PRO$EC$ION

He((ica Retti/9 2010& @Nei/'%or'ood "atc'e( #el- Local Police& US Ne.( "orld Re-ort& Retrieed 3rom'tt-GG...&,(ne.(&comGne.(Garticle(G2010G12G1=Gnei/'%or'ood+.atc'e(+'el-+local+-olice

)ast fiscal year, more than half the police departments in &merica had budget cuts, averaging = percent,

and overall there was a @ percent decrease in sworn officers, according to a survey by a nationalorganization of police eecutives. This coming year, the ma'ority of those departments plan to trim their

budgets further. 6ith fewer officers on the streets, municipalities nationwide are calling on volunteers tohelp keep their residential areas safe. By starting or 'oining a neighborhood watch program, citizens can

play a pivotal role in reducing crime in their areas.

D6hen resources are tight, it-s more important than ever,D says ichelle Boykins, communications andmarketing director for the *ational (rime revention (ouncil. Dolice can-t be everywhere 2:E=. &nd

we-ve seen that where neighborhood watches eist and are viable in their community, we have a lowerincidence of crime.D

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"it' 3e.er -olice9 comm,nit mem%er( can %ecome moreinde-endent and -rotect eac' ot'er 3rom crime&

Why would less %oliceencourage %eo%le to%rotect themsel'esagainst crime0 Fowwould this wor!0

TagIt:
http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2010/12/14/neighborhood-watches-help-local-policehttp://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2010/12/14/neighborhood-watches-help-local-policehttp://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2010/12/14/neighborhood-watches-help-local-policehttp://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2010/12/14/neighborhood-watches-help-local-police


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1AC SOLENC! !OU$#PRORAMS

&ter School&lliance, =ay 2??2# etrie'ed rom'tt-GG...&a3ter(c'oolalliance&or/Gi((,eJ%rie3(Gi((,eJ(a3eJ8&-d3

&fterschool programs provide safe places for youth after school in addition to improving academicachievement and helping working families. &fterschool programs provide youth a safe, supervised

environment that reduces their risk of committing or becoming a victim of violent crime. & recent

report from "ight (rime! #nvest in Kids has found that violent 'uvenile crime is most likely to occurbetween @ p.m. and 4 p.m., and that youth are more likely to smoke, drink or do drugs during these

hours. oreover, the F.8. /ustice 7epartment has found that murder rates among >:9>= year olds

has increased >4H from >;I to >;;.&fterschool programs promote safety by preventing youthviolence, providing safe places afterschool and educating youth about the dangers of drug and

alcohol abuse.

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Mone 3rom -olice %,d/et( co,ld 3,nd o,t' -ro/ram(like de%ate t'at 'ae a %etter c'ance at red,cin/ crime

TagIt:

Use eam%les rom yourown lie or other e'idence to show how youth%rograms can reduce crime#
http://www.afterschoolalliance.org/issue_briefs/issue_safe_7.pdfhttp://www.afterschoolalliance.org/issue_briefs/issue_safe_7.pdf


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1AC SOLENC! !OU$#PRORAMS

Hame( Die/o i/il and il%erto K& Conc'a(9 2010& @Sto--in/ an/( .it' aBalanced Strate/ Preention9 Interention9 and S,--re((ion& From!hanging "laces: #ow !ommunities $ill Improve the #ealth of %oys of!olor

Regardless of how many 'ails we build or how many cells are set aside for each new gang cohort,

eisting antigang strategies have failed. They have had limited success because they are not based onfacts, on science, on human development, or on common sense. 8ociety needs to be honest inrecognizing this fact and must institute bold new policies to chart a healthier course for vulnerable

youth. & focus on the roots of the problem will generate logical solutions that aim not merely to stem

the worst violence, but to begin the long, hard effort to regain social control within gang9prone

impoverished communities. &lthough punishment may play a role, programmatic emphasis must shift tointroducing rewards early in a personAs life.

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Police dont /et to t'e root o3 t'e -ro%lem .e need

What is the root o the%roblem o 'iolence0 Whydo youth %rograms get to

this root better than %olice0

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1AC SOLENC! NEI#BOR#OODRE+INES$MEN$

Mark Ma,er9 2011 ;Sentencin/ Re3orm Amid Ma(( Incarceration(,arded O-timi(m


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1AC SOLENC! NEI#BOR#OODRE+INES$MEN$

H,(tice Polic In(tit,te9 Octo%er9 2008& @Em-loment9 "a/e( and P,%licSa3et&'tt-GG...&,(tice-olic&or/G,-load(G,(tice-olicGdoc,ment(G08J10Jre-Jem-lomentand-,%lic(a3etJac&-d3

Researchers have found a relationship between unemployment, crime and incarceration.

#mproving employment opportunities encourage reinvestments in one self, as well as in thecommunity, ostensibly creating an environment for improved public safety. & study by the

*ational Bureau of 0conomic Research found that places that rely most heavily on incarcerationreduce the employment opportunities in their communities compared with places that rely on

alternatives to incarceration. &reas with the most rapidly rising rates of incarceration were the areas

in which youth, particularly &frican &merican youth, have had the worst earnings and employment

eperience.

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More nei/'%or'ood ine(tment and le(( -,ni('ment

TagIt:

Sum it u%# Why will your %lan ma!e a%ositi'e im%act on the world0 Whatare the s%eciic im%acts it will ma!e,and why do they matter0
http://www.justicepolicy.org/uploads/justicepolicy/documents/07_10_rep_employmentandpublicsafety_ac.pdfhttp://www.justicepolicy.org/uploads/justicepolicy/documents/07_10_rep_employmentandpublicsafety_ac.pdfhttp://www.justicepolicy.org/uploads/justicepolicy/documents/07_10_rep_employmentandpublicsafety_ac.pdfhttp://www.justicepolicy.org/uploads/justicepolicy/documents/07_10_rep_employmentandpublicsafety_ac.pdf


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2AC E$ENSIONS #ARMS

Criminaliin/ $'e Cla((room $'e Oer+Policin/ O3 Ne. !ork Cit Sc'ool(&P,%li('ed Marc' 2008 + N!CLU

(itizensA distrust of the police is a weighty topic. Jfficers often enlist the help of neighborhoodresidents in the performance of their duties, and citizens are more likely to assist when they view the

police favorably and with legitimacy 17ecker, >;I>5. oreover, because of the high visibility ofpolice officers in disadvantaged communities, which are disproportionately composed of &frican9

&merican residents, citizensA perceptions of the police may impact how they ultimately feel aboutformal systems of 'ustice. #n particular, unfavorable views of the police may contribute to community

residents acuiring an overall lack of faith in the criminal 'ustice system.

Because &frican9&mericans constitute a substantial portion of victims and witnesses, citizensAmisgivings about police may compromise crime9control efforts in their communities. "or instance,

detached black citizens may decide not to testify as witnesses in criminal proceedings andE or whenserving as 'urors, they may refuse to convict &frican9&merican defendants 1see Butler, >;; for a

discussion of 'ury nullification5. #n addition, secondary deviance may result from individual

community membersA accumulated negative police eperiences. "inally, a lack of confidence in the

'ustice process may increase the likelihood that residents will feel compelled to settle disputes on theirown, thereby increasing levels of community violence 1&nderson, >;;;5.

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Police a%,(e oer decade( 'a( ca,(ed mi(tr,(t& $'e

%e(t (ol,tion i( to red,ce -olice -re(ence&

What is the im%act o beingcriminalied0

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2AC E$ENSIONS #ARMS

3ational olice =isconduct Statistics and e%orting ro.ect 6NPMSRP


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2AC SELF+PRO$EC$ION

Pri(on Re(earc' Ed,cation Action Proect 1?8>& @In(tead O3 Pri(on( A#and%ook For A%olitioni(t(& C'a-ter 6

The military model for crime prevention should he abolished. #t is clear that neither punishment by

prison nor training police for a community combat role can solve the problem of street crime, in the long

range, nothing less than social restructuring will accomplish the goal of greatly reducing poor peoples-

economic crimes, but in the interim, communities must be made safe and the victims protected and

cared for. This reuires that funding be diverted to those services and resources communities identify asvital to their efforts to create a safer society and to bring relief to the victims.

(ommunity people can empower themselves to turn away from their fortress eistence and transform

their streets into real neighborhoods where all are safe and welcome. #n hiladelphia, a small number of

concerned citizens have organized to make their streets safer from crime, building a sense ofneighborhood at the same time. #ts program. ()&8, provides an opportunity for communities to take

more power over their own lives, and has significantly reduced crime.

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Comm,nit em-o.erment red,ce( crime

Why does reducing %olicema!e more room orcommunity em%owerment0

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2AC !OU$#PRORAMS

A3ter Sc'ool Alliance 2011& @A3ter+Sc'ool All+Star( $'ree #o,r( CanC'an/e A Li3e& Retrieed 3rom'tt-GG...&a3ter(c'oolall(tar(&or/G(iteG--&a(-)cenHH*MN-Fm%64=>64

#n &merica today, millions of young people are alone and unsupervised in the hours after school, before

parents return home from work. This situation places children and teens at grave risk for 'uvenile crime,substance abuse, teen pregnancy, and other problems. #t means students are wasting precious time when

they could be learning. &nd it leaves millions of working parents worried about their children when theyshould be focused on their 'obs. This unproductive, untenable and unacceptable situation would be

remedied if our nation invested more fully in the after school programs that keep kids safe, supportworking families, and help young people succeed in school and in life.

Teens who do not participate in after school programs are nearly three times more likely to skip classes

or use mari'uana or other drugs< they are also more likely to drink alcohol, smoke cigarettes and engage

in seual activity. 1+(& of the F8&, arch 233>5

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A3ter (c'ool -ro/ram( 'el- o,t' aoid

Why does reducing %olicema!e room or more andbetter youth %rograms0

TagIt:
http://www.afterschoolallstars.org/site/pp.asp?c=enJJKMNpFmG&b=854685http://www.afterschoolallstars.org/site/pp.asp?c=enJJKMNpFmG&b=854685http://www.afterschoolallstars.org/site/pp.asp?c=enJJKMNpFmG&b=854685http://www.afterschoolallstars.org/site/pp.asp?c=enJJKMNpFmG&b=854685


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2AC !OU$#PRORAMS

Mai Aernande;Eec,tie Director o3 t'e National Center 3or ictim( o3Crime( Ma 10 2?11#'tt-GG...&t'ecrimere-ort&or/Gie.-oint(G2011+04+(to-+t'e+ccle+o3+iolence+a/ain(t+o,n/+-eo-leand+(

"irst, we have to start by changing how enforcement views youth, particularly urban youth of color.#nstead of seeing urban youth as thesource of the problem, law enforcement agencies need to

understand and acknowledge the normalization of violence in urban environments.

7eveloping leaders who understand the uniue dynamics of urban communities can help improverelationships between youth and law enforcement. &nd while urban neighborhoods have a strong police

presence, they often lack youth9oriented community policing programs that have culturally competent

law enforcement with the tools, education, ties to community9based organizations, and the will to serve

youth victims of crime in urban communities.

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&outh pro'ras that a%%ress the root o" the pro!#e ha(e to coe "irst

TagIt:

What in your %ersonal e%erience canshow the %ower o youth %rograms0
http://www.thecrimereport.org/viewpoints/2011-05-stop-the-cycle-of-violence-against-young-peopleand-shttp://www.thecrimereport.org/viewpoints/2011-05-stop-the-cycle-of-violence-against-young-peopleand-shttp://www.thecrimereport.org/viewpoints/2011-05-stop-the-cycle-of-violence-against-young-peopleand-shttp://www.thecrimereport.org/viewpoints/2011-05-stop-the-cycle-of-violence-against-young-peopleand-s


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2AC ANS"ERS$O C#AOSDISADAN$AE

Ha%itan and Schulte 2??2 6+omis and ;rich, +homas ro o hiloso%hy I 3/llionois U, and ;rich , Eournal o olitical and =ilitary Sociology Jol# :? /ss# 1,2??2, %%# 12K, Luestia EG

The prevalent rhetoric of -terrorism- has not provided an intelligent response to the problem of

terrorism. To the contrary, it has shut off any meaningful eamination of causes or debate onpolicies and has left only the path of violence to solve differences. Rather than promoting a free

and open eamination of the grievances of the group from which terrorists emerge, the -terrorist-

label nips all uestioning and debate in the bud. Terrorists are DevilD9as the F.8. &dministration

has repeated on numerous occasions since 8eptember >>, 233>9and are therefore to beeradicated.

This upshot of the book is that a terrorist is portrayed as a carrier of Doppression and

enslavement,D lacking moral sense, and Da perfect nihilistD 1pp. 2;9@35. Given that the

overwhelming number of eamples of terrorism are identified as coming from the &rab and

#slamic worlds, and that DretaliationD against terrorists is repeatedly urged even at the epense ofcivilian casualties, then one begins to see the point of 0dward 8aid-s assessment of the book as

nothing short of Dan incitement to anti9&rab and anti9oslem violenceD 18aid >;II!>=5.>=

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$rin/ to (care ,( .it' t'reat( o3 terrori(m ca,(e(raci(m

Why would it bedangerous to hy%e u%ears o terrorism0

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2AC ANS"ERS$O COMMUNI$!POLICIN

(ec!er9 Dr& #arold A-ril 2???Cali3ornia State Unier(it Lon/ Beac'Princi-al Ine(ti/ator& Can Comm,nit Policin/ Preent !o,t' Crime);USA:

What are your own originalarguments against their youth%rograms %osition0

!o,t' iolence -reention -ro/ram( can %e 'arm3,l&

TagIt:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK44295/#A13079http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK44295/#A13079


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