Battery and PV Based Inverters - gosolarcalifornia.ca.gov · 14/06/2019 · 8 Evolution of the...
Transcript of Battery and PV Based Inverters - gosolarcalifornia.ca.gov · 14/06/2019 · 8 Evolution of the...
![Page 1: Battery and PV Based Inverters - gosolarcalifornia.ca.gov · 14/06/2019 · 8 Evolution of the IEEE 1547 IEEE Std 1547-2003 IEEE Std 1547a-2014 Amendment 1 IEEE Std 1547-2018 •](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040402/5e8522fcb7f9c2780a5b3a36/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
P R E S E N T E D B Y
Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission
laboratory managed and operated by National
Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia,
LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell
International Inc., for the U.S. Department of
Energy’s National Nuclear Security
Administration under contract DE-NA0003525.
Battery and PV Based Inverters
S ig i f r edo Gonza lez
1SAND2019-6656 PE
![Page 2: Battery and PV Based Inverters - gosolarcalifornia.ca.gov · 14/06/2019 · 8 Evolution of the IEEE 1547 IEEE Std 1547-2003 IEEE Std 1547a-2014 Amendment 1 IEEE Std 1547-2018 •](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040402/5e8522fcb7f9c2780a5b3a36/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Outline
•Inverter types
•Inverter Utility Interconnection Changes and Requirements
•Inverter Ride-Through Capabilities
•Inverter Utility Support Functions
•Battery + PV (Hybrid) Inverters
•Inverter in Grid-Forming Mode
2
![Page 3: Battery and PV Based Inverters - gosolarcalifornia.ca.gov · 14/06/2019 · 8 Evolution of the IEEE 1547 IEEE Std 1547-2003 IEEE Std 1547a-2014 Amendment 1 IEEE Std 1547-2018 •](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040402/5e8522fcb7f9c2780a5b3a36/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Residential Battery-based Inverters3
Module level micro-inverter
And storage systemResidential inverter
And storage system
Residential inverter
And storage system
![Page 4: Battery and PV Based Inverters - gosolarcalifornia.ca.gov · 14/06/2019 · 8 Evolution of the IEEE 1547 IEEE Std 1547-2003 IEEE Std 1547a-2014 Amendment 1 IEEE Std 1547-2018 •](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040402/5e8522fcb7f9c2780a5b3a36/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Large “AC” Battery Inverters4
![Page 5: Battery and PV Based Inverters - gosolarcalifornia.ca.gov · 14/06/2019 · 8 Evolution of the IEEE 1547 IEEE Std 1547-2003 IEEE Std 1547a-2014 Amendment 1 IEEE Std 1547-2018 •](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040402/5e8522fcb7f9c2780a5b3a36/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Hybrid Type Residential Inverter5
Inverter DC Input
• Battery input
• PV input
Inverter AC Output
• Grid and loads
• Critical loads
• Transfer switch
![Page 6: Battery and PV Based Inverters - gosolarcalifornia.ca.gov · 14/06/2019 · 8 Evolution of the IEEE 1547 IEEE Std 1547-2003 IEEE Std 1547a-2014 Amendment 1 IEEE Std 1547-2018 •](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040402/5e8522fcb7f9c2780a5b3a36/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Hybrid Type Residential Inverter One-Line Diagram6
Inverter safety features
• Array qualification before use
• Residual current monitoring
• Rapid shutdown
Inverter Grid-Tied and Off-Grid
• Export energy to the grid
• Achieve “no” export if required
• Operates off-grid is needed
![Page 7: Battery and PV Based Inverters - gosolarcalifornia.ca.gov · 14/06/2019 · 8 Evolution of the IEEE 1547 IEEE Std 1547-2003 IEEE Std 1547a-2014 Amendment 1 IEEE Std 1547-2018 •](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040402/5e8522fcb7f9c2780a5b3a36/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Utility Interconnection Requirements
Trans i t ion ing to h igh pene t ra t ion o f d i s t r ibuted energ y r esources
![Page 8: Battery and PV Based Inverters - gosolarcalifornia.ca.gov · 14/06/2019 · 8 Evolution of the IEEE 1547 IEEE Std 1547-2003 IEEE Std 1547a-2014 Amendment 1 IEEE Std 1547-2018 •](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040402/5e8522fcb7f9c2780a5b3a36/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Evolution of the IEEE 1547
IEEE Std
1547-2003
IEEE Std
1547a-2014Amendment 1
IEEE Std
1547-2018
• Shall NOT actively regulate voltage
• Shall trip on abnormal voltage/frequency
• May actively regulate voltage
• May ride through on abnormal
voltage/frequency
• May provide frequency response
• Shall be capable of actively regulating
voltage
• Shall ride through abnormal
voltage/frequency
• Shall be capable of frequency regulation
![Page 9: Battery and PV Based Inverters - gosolarcalifornia.ca.gov · 14/06/2019 · 8 Evolution of the IEEE 1547 IEEE Std 1547-2003 IEEE Std 1547a-2014 Amendment 1 IEEE Std 1547-2018 •](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040402/5e8522fcb7f9c2780a5b3a36/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9 Sandia’s Distributed Energy Technologies Laboratory (DETL) Facilities
![Page 10: Battery and PV Based Inverters - gosolarcalifornia.ca.gov · 14/06/2019 · 8 Evolution of the IEEE 1547 IEEE Std 1547-2003 IEEE Std 1547a-2014 Amendment 1 IEEE Std 1547-2018 •](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040402/5e8522fcb7f9c2780a5b3a36/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
![Page 11: Battery and PV Based Inverters - gosolarcalifornia.ca.gov · 14/06/2019 · 8 Evolution of the IEEE 1547 IEEE Std 1547-2003 IEEE Std 1547a-2014 Amendment 1 IEEE Std 1547-2018 •](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040402/5e8522fcb7f9c2780a5b3a36/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
IEEE 1547-2018 requires inverter manufacturers to meet minimum stated accuracy on key parameters
11
![Page 12: Battery and PV Based Inverters - gosolarcalifornia.ca.gov · 14/06/2019 · 8 Evolution of the IEEE 1547 IEEE Std 1547-2003 IEEE Std 1547a-2014 Amendment 1 IEEE Std 1547-2018 •](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040402/5e8522fcb7f9c2780a5b3a36/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Inverter Mandatory Voltage Ride-Through Requirements12
![Page 13: Battery and PV Based Inverters - gosolarcalifornia.ca.gov · 14/06/2019 · 8 Evolution of the IEEE 1547 IEEE Std 1547-2003 IEEE Std 1547a-2014 Amendment 1 IEEE Std 1547-2018 •](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040402/5e8522fcb7f9c2780a5b3a36/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Inverter Mandatory Frequency Ride-Through Requirements13
![Page 14: Battery and PV Based Inverters - gosolarcalifornia.ca.gov · 14/06/2019 · 8 Evolution of the IEEE 1547 IEEE Std 1547-2003 IEEE Std 1547a-2014 Amendment 1 IEEE Std 1547-2018 •](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040402/5e8522fcb7f9c2780a5b3a36/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Low Voltage Ride-Through < 50% of nominal14
RegionVoltage
(% Nominal Voltage)
Ride-Through
UntilOperating Mode
Maximum
Trip Time (s)
Low Voltage 3
(LV3)
V < 501 sec.
Momentary
Cessation2.0 sec.
Momentary
cessation within
.0833 seconds
Achieves > 80%
of pre-event current
level within 0.4 sec.
![Page 15: Battery and PV Based Inverters - gosolarcalifornia.ca.gov · 14/06/2019 · 8 Evolution of the IEEE 1547 IEEE Std 1547-2003 IEEE Std 1547a-2014 Amendment 1 IEEE Std 1547-2018 •](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040402/5e8522fcb7f9c2780a5b3a36/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Low Frequency Ride-Through 15
RegionFrequency (Hz)
(% Nominal Voltage)
Ride-Through
UntilOperating Mode
Maximum Trip
Time (s)
Low Frequency 2
(LF2)57.0 ≤ f < 58.8 299 sec. Continuous operation 300.0 sec.
Frequency drops to
57.2 Hz and remains
for 299 seconds.
Rate of change of
frequency (ROCOF)
should not exceed
3.0Hz/sec for EUT
to remain exporting
Frequency returns to
60.0 Hz and EUT delivered
rated current over entire
duration of frequency
excursion
![Page 16: Battery and PV Based Inverters - gosolarcalifornia.ca.gov · 14/06/2019 · 8 Evolution of the IEEE 1547 IEEE Std 1547-2003 IEEE Std 1547a-2014 Amendment 1 IEEE Std 1547-2018 •](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040402/5e8522fcb7f9c2780a5b3a36/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Utility Support Requirements
Trans i t ion ing to h igh pene t ra t ion o f d i s t r ibuted energ y r esources
![Page 17: Battery and PV Based Inverters - gosolarcalifornia.ca.gov · 14/06/2019 · 8 Evolution of the IEEE 1547 IEEE Std 1547-2003 IEEE Std 1547a-2014 Amendment 1 IEEE Std 1547-2018 •](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040402/5e8522fcb7f9c2780a5b3a36/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Utility Voltage Support Functions per IEEE 1547-2018 17
Autonomous
Functions
Commanded
Functions
Autonomous functions may have to be enabled to operate
Commanded functions must be set/adjusted to operate as intended
![Page 18: Battery and PV Based Inverters - gosolarcalifornia.ca.gov · 14/06/2019 · 8 Evolution of the IEEE 1547 IEEE Std 1547-2003 IEEE Std 1547a-2014 Amendment 1 IEEE Std 1547-2018 •](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040402/5e8522fcb7f9c2780a5b3a36/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Voltage and Frequency Support Functions18
![Page 19: Battery and PV Based Inverters - gosolarcalifornia.ca.gov · 14/06/2019 · 8 Evolution of the IEEE 1547 IEEE Std 1547-2003 IEEE Std 1547a-2014 Amendment 1 IEEE Std 1547-2018 •](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040402/5e8522fcb7f9c2780a5b3a36/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Volt-Var Voltage Support Function Implementation19
Current lags voltage and
lowers voltage with
absorbing reactive current
Current leads voltage and
increases voltage with
injection of reactive current
![Page 20: Battery and PV Based Inverters - gosolarcalifornia.ca.gov · 14/06/2019 · 8 Evolution of the IEEE 1547 IEEE Std 1547-2003 IEEE Std 1547a-2014 Amendment 1 IEEE Std 1547-2018 •](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040402/5e8522fcb7f9c2780a5b3a36/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20 Voltage regulation functions can expedite implementation
![Page 21: Battery and PV Based Inverters - gosolarcalifornia.ca.gov · 14/06/2019 · 8 Evolution of the IEEE 1547 IEEE Std 1547-2003 IEEE Std 1547a-2014 Amendment 1 IEEE Std 1547-2018 •](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040402/5e8522fcb7f9c2780a5b3a36/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Freq-Watt Frequency Support Function Implementation21
![Page 22: Battery and PV Based Inverters - gosolarcalifornia.ca.gov · 14/06/2019 · 8 Evolution of the IEEE 1547 IEEE Std 1547-2003 IEEE Std 1547a-2014 Amendment 1 IEEE Std 1547-2018 •](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040402/5e8522fcb7f9c2780a5b3a36/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Utility Outage Support Requirements
Hybrid PV/Energy Storage Systems Address Outages
![Page 23: Battery and PV Based Inverters - gosolarcalifornia.ca.gov · 14/06/2019 · 8 Evolution of the IEEE 1547 IEEE Std 1547-2003 IEEE Std 1547a-2014 Amendment 1 IEEE Std 1547-2018 •](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040402/5e8522fcb7f9c2780a5b3a36/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Hybrid Inverters can solve Red Flag Power Outage Concerns23
Inverter design can operate autonomously
from the utility and takes PV and battery
energy to meet local and utility demands
Inverter can perform the following:
• Export PV energy to the utility
• Achieve net zero export
• Charge battery from PV, generator, and
the utility
• Automatic generator start/control
• Supply critical sub panel/loads during
utility outage
![Page 24: Battery and PV Based Inverters - gosolarcalifornia.ca.gov · 14/06/2019 · 8 Evolution of the IEEE 1547 IEEE Std 1547-2003 IEEE Std 1547a-2014 Amendment 1 IEEE Std 1547-2018 •](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040402/5e8522fcb7f9c2780a5b3a36/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Grid Connected and Grid-Following Inverter transitioning to Grid-forming and off grid
24
![Page 25: Battery and PV Based Inverters - gosolarcalifornia.ca.gov · 14/06/2019 · 8 Evolution of the IEEE 1547 IEEE Std 1547-2003 IEEE Std 1547a-2014 Amendment 1 IEEE Std 1547-2018 •](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040402/5e8522fcb7f9c2780a5b3a36/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Another Hybrid PV/Battery System that addressesRed Flag induced Blackout Conditions
25
Communication
portal
PV inverter
Energy storage
inverter
![Page 26: Battery and PV Based Inverters - gosolarcalifornia.ca.gov · 14/06/2019 · 8 Evolution of the IEEE 1547 IEEE Std 1547-2003 IEEE Std 1547a-2014 Amendment 1 IEEE Std 1547-2018 •](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040402/5e8522fcb7f9c2780a5b3a36/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Development of Continuous Grid-Forming Inverters 26
Grid-Following Characteristics Grid-Forming Characteristics
need well-defined terminal voltage Regulates instantaneous voltage
PLL estimates voltage/current angle Regulates frequency
Current-control loop regulates
injection into grid
Operate autonomously from grid
PF commands- inverter adheres to
constant PQ
Droop control—active-frequency and
Q-V (reactive-voltage)
Grid-forming (GFM) inverters eliminate the dropout during transitioning from grid-connected
To standalone (micro-grid) operation. Challenges remaining to be addressed are:
• Power quality
• Dynamic response
• Unintentional islanding
• Low voltage and frequency ride-through
![Page 27: Battery and PV Based Inverters - gosolarcalifornia.ca.gov · 14/06/2019 · 8 Evolution of the IEEE 1547 IEEE Std 1547-2003 IEEE Std 1547a-2014 Amendment 1 IEEE Std 1547-2018 •](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040402/5e8522fcb7f9c2780a5b3a36/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Thank You27
Questions?
![Page 28: Battery and PV Based Inverters - gosolarcalifornia.ca.gov · 14/06/2019 · 8 Evolution of the IEEE 1547 IEEE Std 1547-2003 IEEE Std 1547a-2014 Amendment 1 IEEE Std 1547-2018 •](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040402/5e8522fcb7f9c2780a5b3a36/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Supplemental slides28
![Page 29: Battery and PV Based Inverters - gosolarcalifornia.ca.gov · 14/06/2019 · 8 Evolution of the IEEE 1547 IEEE Std 1547-2003 IEEE Std 1547a-2014 Amendment 1 IEEE Std 1547-2018 •](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040402/5e8522fcb7f9c2780a5b3a36/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Unintentional Islanding Methods29
IEEE 1547 2018 requires all utility interconnected DER to be type tested with ride-through and utility
Support functions enabled at their most aggressive adjustments.
Each method listed above has an evaluation procedure in draft IEEE P1547.1 test procedure.
![Page 30: Battery and PV Based Inverters - gosolarcalifornia.ca.gov · 14/06/2019 · 8 Evolution of the IEEE 1547 IEEE Std 1547-2003 IEEE Std 1547a-2014 Amendment 1 IEEE Std 1547-2018 •](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040402/5e8522fcb7f9c2780a5b3a36/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30 Frequency Regulation Function Capabilities
![Page 31: Battery and PV Based Inverters - gosolarcalifornia.ca.gov · 14/06/2019 · 8 Evolution of the IEEE 1547 IEEE Std 1547-2003 IEEE Std 1547a-2014 Amendment 1 IEEE Std 1547-2018 •](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040402/5e8522fcb7f9c2780a5b3a36/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31 Smart Electricity Grid Communications
![Page 32: Battery and PV Based Inverters - gosolarcalifornia.ca.gov · 14/06/2019 · 8 Evolution of the IEEE 1547 IEEE Std 1547-2003 IEEE Std 1547a-2014 Amendment 1 IEEE Std 1547-2018 •](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040402/5e8522fcb7f9c2780a5b3a36/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32 Communications/Control Architecture
![Page 33: Battery and PV Based Inverters - gosolarcalifornia.ca.gov · 14/06/2019 · 8 Evolution of the IEEE 1547 IEEE Std 1547-2003 IEEE Std 1547a-2014 Amendment 1 IEEE Std 1547-2018 •](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040402/5e8522fcb7f9c2780a5b3a36/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Battery and PV Based Inverters