Batteries There are 3 main types of battery: Primary cell: use once and then discard. Leclanche...
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Transcript of Batteries There are 3 main types of battery: Primary cell: use once and then discard. Leclanche...
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Batteries
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There are 3 main types of battery:
Primary cell: use once and then discard. Leclanche cells Alkaline cells Lithium batteries
Secondary cell: rechargeable as redox reaction is reversible.
Pb/Acid NiCd Lithium ion
Flow Batteries / Fuel Cells
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Georges Leclanché (1839-1882)
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battery : Zinc–manganese dioxide Systems These batteries are the most commonly used worldwide in flashlights, toys, radios, compact disc players, and digital cameras. There are three variations: the zinc-carbon battery, the zinc chloride battery, and the alkaline battery. All provide an initial voltage of 1.55 to 1.7 volts.
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The redox reaction that the battery relies on is the oxidation of the Zinc and the reduction of the manganese:
Zn Zn2+ + 2e-MnO2 + 2H2O + 2e- 2MnOOH
+2OH-
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A electrolytic cell also known as a dry cell that uses a moist paste rather than a liquid as an electrolyte. Flashlight batteries are dry cells with a zinc cup for an anode, a carbon rod for a cathode, and a paste made of powdered carbon, NH4Cl, ZnCl2, and MnO2 for an electrolyte.
Zn + 2 MnO2 + 2 NH4Cl -> ZnCl2 + Mn2O3 + 2 NH3 + H2O
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Pb + H2SO4 ==> PbSO4 + 2e + 2H+ (Anode)PbO2 + H2SO4+ 2e + 2H+ ==> PbSO4 + 2H2O (Cathode)
PbO2 +2 H2SO4+ Pb ==> 2PbSO4 +2H2O
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How a Fuel Cell Works
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H2(g) = 2H+ + 2e- (anode)
2H+ + 1/2 02 (g) + 2e- = H20 (cathode )
The overall fuel cell reaction then is simply:
H2 + 1/2 02 = H20
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