BASROC, CONFORM and ADSRs (Part 1) Roger Barlow Scientific Advisory Committee Cockcroft Institute...

BASROC, CONFORM and ADSRs (Part 1)

Roger BarlowScientific Advisory Committee

Cockcroft InstituteNovember 1st 2010

1st November 2010 Roger Barlow: Cockcroft SAC Slide 2/19

BASROC

British Accelerator Science and Radiation Oncology Consortium

A group from-universities-Institutes-hospitals-industry

Goal: Hadron therapy through the nsFFAG.

Cockcroft(Liv, Man)

John Adams(Oxford)

ASTeCetc


CONFORM

BASROC's first project£8M “Basic Technology”

Develop the nsFFAG and build an industry on it

- EMMA – already covered- PAMELA- Applications

ConstructionOf aNonscalingFFAG forOncologyResearch andMedicine

Project nearly complete (3½ / 4 years) and money all spent.


PAMELA

Proton and carbon rings

Design finalised

Prototyping needed for magnets and kickers


PAMELA

Particle H+ C6+

Ring 1 inj 1 ref 1 extr 1 inj 1 ref 1 extr2 inj

2 ref 2 extr

Kin. En./u [MeV] 30.95 118.38 250 7.8394 30.977 68.357 208.749 400

Bρ [Tm] 0.81071

1.62142 2.43213 0.81071 1.62142 2.43213 4.40092 6.36971

Ring 1 Ring 2

Mean Radius [m] 6.251 9.3

Cells 12 12

Packing factor 0.48 0.65

Field index, k 36.721 42

LSS [m] 1.4506 1.1979

SSS[m] 0.0628 0.1266

Magnet length idealised/real [m]

0.3144 / 0.5656 0.6330 / 1.1395

Orbit exc. [m] 0.1760 0.217 (400 MeV/u) 0.237 (430 MeV/u)

Bore size [m] ~0.24 ~0.35


Other Proton therapy developments

Bid for proton therapy at Manchester shortlisted

HO, RB consultants on accelerator selection, and research projects


ADSRs: History

May 2009 Science Minister Lord Drayson visits Daresbury and learns about ADSRs. Asks for optioneering report on the possibilities for British industry

ThorEA compiles report, with help from STFC

Report submitted early 2010

Minister requests comments from experts, via STFC and NCE, to Govt Chief Scientist

Comments mostly positive but mixed – not enough to get enthusiastic acceptance

May 2010 – new government ..............


http://www.thorea.org/publications/ThoreaReportFinal.pdf

“Towards an Alternative Nuclear Future”

Put together by Bob Cywinski

Available as a physical booklet and on the web


Technical content

Case for Thorium and ADSRs as sustainable power source providing acceptable nuclear solution to looming energy crisis

Proposes 3 stage R & D programme AESIR (Accelerator Energy System with Inbuilt Reliability)

LOKI – a 30 mA 35 MeV high reliability proton LINAC – 2 years to develop, cost £40M

FREA – add a booster (probably an FFAG) to get to 400 MeV, taking 3 years and £115M

THOR – a second booster, taking the energy to 1 GeV, feeding an ADSR core generating 600MW. Total cost £1-2 Bn. Operational by 2025

LOKI and FREA could be built at Daresbury, utilising existing infrastructure.


Accelerator Options

LOKI + FREA+ THOR

Threefold to boost reliabilty if nsFFAGs work

LOKI + RCS

LOKI + LINAC

Consider and evaluate all these options as part of the R&D programme


The responses (1)

The Accelerator Is now the right time?

Aren't you putting too much hope in FFAGs?

What about beam losses?

Why not do this through international collaboration?

Are the dates and costs realistic?

These responses, and our answers to them, are contained in the published report


The responses (2)

The Reactor List 7 positive points (efficiency, abundance, low waste, compatibility, plutonium disposition, non-proliferation, safety (arguably))

And 2 negative points (cost, proliferation) Worries about fuel manipulation and recycling (THOREX) being difficult owing to the 232U. Proliferation - weapons without the need for an enrichment step(!!).

“In priority space, if the UK was to invest £300m of public money in nuclear R&D, it would yield greater benefits to direct this into the niche areas where the UK has historical capability and can strengthen its role and contribution in Gen IV systems and international work on developing proliferation resistant fuel cycles as part of international shared cost development programmes.”


The responses

“From the nuclear energy perspective, the appropriate approach is judged to be a watching brief on the technology, and that it should not be a priority area for focus. It may be worthwhile carrying out a further paper assessment of the evidence for this technology.”

We have to decide where to take it from here


The ADTR

Aker solutions – development of the Energy Amplifier. 600 MW Thorium fuelled ADSR Twin 5 mA 1 GeV Linacs, H+ and H-, k=0.995, Boron control rods

frequency 704.4 M Hztemperature of 2K 5 cell cavities 3 distinct sections • 115 MeV to 192 MeV, β = 0.51 • 192 MeV to 481 MeV, β = 0.65 • 481 MeV to 1GeV, β = 0.85


Spallation Neutrons on Thorium

For 1 GeV proton beams you can (just about) achieve 1 232Th→233U conversion per incident proton, by suitable arrangement of target rods, reflectors, and general geometry.

Conversion of a usable fraction of a rod is possible, but will take hours of exposure.

Must consider decays and other reactions as composition changes. Also material stability of the ThO2 under neutron bombardment and chemical changes: this looks hopeful

Simulations done using GEANT4New classes developed (CB)


Targets: more muons from ISIS

Studies (AB) show ISIS muon target can give an extra 40% surface muons, and catch around 50% more

Also shows that proton energy for maximum surface muons is 500 MeV, not 800+


The search for CP violation in neutrinosNeutrino Oscillations depend on L/EFix E, vary L, the source-detector distanceDetector is massive. Build several sources at: 20, 8, 1.5 km1 mA protons,stopping muons, and look for ͞ν

μ→ ͞ν

e

“The design utilizes low-cost, high-powerproton accelerators under development for commercial uses.”

That means stacked cyclotrons – or FFAGs

HO+RB inCollaborationAlso MorganWascko (IC)

Pe =sin223sin2 213sin 2 31

∓sin sin 213 sin 223sin 212 sin2 31sin 21

cos sin 213 sin 223sin 212 sin 31 cos 31sin 21

cos223 sin2 212sin2 21


PRISM

Phase Rotated Intense Slow Muon source

The ultimate μ→e conversion experiment. Range down to 10-18 .

68 MeV.c but takes muons with 20% momentum spread and reduces it to 2% by an FFAG which rotates the phase. Time spread 20-200 ns. Essentially zero background

Cockcroft involved in 'PRISM task force'

1st November 2010 Roger Barlow: Cockcroft SAC Slide 19/1910/12/10 Roger Barlow: ADSRs 19

Conclusions

Protons&

FFAGPRISM

Neutrinofactory

PAMELA

Hadron therapy

ADSR

ThoriumPower

targets

BASROC, CONFORM and ADSRs (Part 1) Roger Barlow Scientific Advisory Committee Cockcroft Institute...

Documents

Transcript of BASROC, CONFORM and ADSRs (Part 1) Roger Barlow Scientific Advisory Committee Cockcroft Institute...