Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need …...Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need...
Transcript of Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need …...Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need...
![Page 1: Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need …...Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need to Know Neil Mattson Associate Professor, Horticulture Cornell University nsm47@cornell.edu](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012918/5e9e625ba14a316ad5065113/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need to Know
Neil MattsonAssociate Professor, HorticultureCornell University
[email protected] 607-255-0621
![Page 2: Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need …...Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need to Know Neil Mattson Associate Professor, Horticulture Cornell University nsm47@cornell.edu](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012918/5e9e625ba14a316ad5065113/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
www.cornellcea.com
![Page 3: Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need …...Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need to Know Neil Mattson Associate Professor, Horticulture Cornell University nsm47@cornell.edu](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012918/5e9e625ba14a316ad5065113/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Outline
• Crops• Systems• Fertilizers• Supplemental Light• Pests and Diseases
![Page 4: Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need …...Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need to Know Neil Mattson Associate Professor, Horticulture Cornell University nsm47@cornell.edu](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012918/5e9e625ba14a316ad5065113/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Most common hydroponic veggies
Vine Crops• Tomatoes• Pepper• Cucumber• EggplantHerbs• Basil• Dill• Cilantro• Parsley
Leafy Greens• Lettuce• Arugula• Kale• Swiss chard• Bak choiNiche Crops• Microgreens• Edible Flowers
![Page 5: Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need …...Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need to Know Neil Mattson Associate Professor, Horticulture Cornell University nsm47@cornell.edu](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012918/5e9e625ba14a316ad5065113/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Dutch bucketsaka Bato buckets
Vine crop production systems
![Page 6: Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need …...Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need to Know Neil Mattson Associate Professor, Horticulture Cornell University nsm47@cornell.edu](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012918/5e9e625ba14a316ad5065113/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need …...Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need to Know Neil Mattson Associate Professor, Horticulture Cornell University nsm47@cornell.edu](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012918/5e9e625ba14a316ad5065113/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Tomatoes in Bag Culture
![Page 8: Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need …...Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need to Know Neil Mattson Associate Professor, Horticulture Cornell University nsm47@cornell.edu](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012918/5e9e625ba14a316ad5065113/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Rockwool slabsDrip irrigation
![Page 9: Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need …...Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need to Know Neil Mattson Associate Professor, Horticulture Cornell University nsm47@cornell.edu](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012918/5e9e625ba14a316ad5065113/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need …...Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need to Know Neil Mattson Associate Professor, Horticulture Cornell University nsm47@cornell.edu](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012918/5e9e625ba14a316ad5065113/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need …...Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need to Know Neil Mattson Associate Professor, Horticulture Cornell University nsm47@cornell.edu](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012918/5e9e625ba14a316ad5065113/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Lettuce, leafy greens, and herbs
• Floating Raft Technique (pond)• Nutrient Film Technique (gutter)
![Page 12: Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need …...Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need to Know Neil Mattson Associate Professor, Horticulture Cornell University nsm47@cornell.edu](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012918/5e9e625ba14a316ad5065113/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need …...Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need to Know Neil Mattson Associate Professor, Horticulture Cornell University nsm47@cornell.edu](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012918/5e9e625ba14a316ad5065113/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Cornell CEA Float Pond System
• Seedling stage (11 days in rockwoolblocks) then transplant to rafts
• Initial raft spacing at 9 plants per square foot until day 21
• Then respaced to 3.5 plants per square foot until day 35
• Daily light integral 17 mol / m2 / d • Produces 1200 5 ounce heads a day in
7,000 square feet of pond
![Page 14: Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need …...Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need to Know Neil Mattson Associate Professor, Horticulture Cornell University nsm47@cornell.edu](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012918/5e9e625ba14a316ad5065113/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need …...Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need to Know Neil Mattson Associate Professor, Horticulture Cornell University nsm47@cornell.edu](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012918/5e9e625ba14a316ad5065113/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Day 11 – transplant to raft
![Page 16: Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need …...Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need to Know Neil Mattson Associate Professor, Horticulture Cornell University nsm47@cornell.edu](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012918/5e9e625ba14a316ad5065113/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Day 21 – transplant to wider spacing
![Page 17: Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need …...Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need to Know Neil Mattson Associate Professor, Horticulture Cornell University nsm47@cornell.edu](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012918/5e9e625ba14a316ad5065113/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Day 35 - Harvest• Heads about 5 oz. if everything went
according to plan• Package and store at 40 °F
![Page 18: Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need …...Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need to Know Neil Mattson Associate Professor, Horticulture Cornell University nsm47@cornell.edu](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012918/5e9e625ba14a316ad5065113/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need …...Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need to Know Neil Mattson Associate Professor, Horticulture Cornell University nsm47@cornell.edu](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012918/5e9e625ba14a316ad5065113/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Baby leaf greens in float pond• Styrofoam Speedling trays with soilless mix• Germination chamber 1-3 days• Float 14 days (17 mol DLI, 72/68 DT/NT)
![Page 20: Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need …...Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need to Know Neil Mattson Associate Professor, Horticulture Cornell University nsm47@cornell.edu](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012918/5e9e625ba14a316ad5065113/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Ebb & Flood Bench Pond
![Page 21: Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need …...Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need to Know Neil Mattson Associate Professor, Horticulture Cornell University nsm47@cornell.edu](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012918/5e9e625ba14a316ad5065113/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Nutrient Film Technique (NFT)
![Page 22: Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need …...Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need to Know Neil Mattson Associate Professor, Horticulture Cornell University nsm47@cornell.edu](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012918/5e9e625ba14a316ad5065113/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need …...Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need to Know Neil Mattson Associate Professor, Horticulture Cornell University nsm47@cornell.edu](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012918/5e9e625ba14a316ad5065113/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Gabrielsen Farms, Jamesport, NYHydroponic lettuce in gutters
![Page 24: Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need …...Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need to Know Neil Mattson Associate Professor, Horticulture Cornell University nsm47@cornell.edu](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012918/5e9e625ba14a316ad5065113/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need …...Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need to Know Neil Mattson Associate Professor, Horticulture Cornell University nsm47@cornell.edu](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012918/5e9e625ba14a316ad5065113/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Hybrid system containers with substrate in gutters
![Page 26: Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need …...Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need to Know Neil Mattson Associate Professor, Horticulture Cornell University nsm47@cornell.edu](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012918/5e9e625ba14a316ad5065113/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Plant nutrition and fertilizers
![Page 27: Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need …...Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need to Know Neil Mattson Associate Professor, Horticulture Cornell University nsm47@cornell.edu](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012918/5e9e625ba14a316ad5065113/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Some fertilizers don’t play nicely with each other
• Incompatibility – blending of fertilizers results in a precipitate
• Don’t mix calcium with phosphate or sulfates
![Page 28: Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need …...Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need to Know Neil Mattson Associate Professor, Horticulture Cornell University nsm47@cornell.edu](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012918/5e9e625ba14a316ad5065113/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Fertilizer Article
A Recipe for Hydroponic Succes
Neil Mattson and Cari Peters
http://www.greenhouse.cornell.edu/crops/factsheets/hydroponic-recipes.pdf
![Page 29: Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need …...Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need to Know Neil Mattson Associate Professor, Horticulture Cornell University nsm47@cornell.edu](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012918/5e9e625ba14a316ad5065113/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Lettuce feed, Simple to complex
![Page 30: Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need …...Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need to Know Neil Mattson Associate Professor, Horticulture Cornell University nsm47@cornell.edu](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012918/5e9e625ba14a316ad5065113/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need …...Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need to Know Neil Mattson Associate Professor, Horticulture Cornell University nsm47@cornell.edu](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012918/5e9e625ba14a316ad5065113/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
How do they stack up?
![Page 32: Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need …...Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need to Know Neil Mattson Associate Professor, Horticulture Cornell University nsm47@cornell.edu](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012918/5e9e625ba14a316ad5065113/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Tomato, pepper, cucumber
![Page 33: Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need …...Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need to Know Neil Mattson Associate Professor, Horticulture Cornell University nsm47@cornell.edu](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012918/5e9e625ba14a316ad5065113/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Jack’s Hydroponic (5-12-26) + Calcium
nitrate
UA CEAC Recipe
Nitrogen (N) 190 189Phosphorus (P) 50 39Potassium (K) 205 341Calcium (Ca) 176 170Magnesium (Mg) 60 48Iron (Fe) 2.85 2.00Manganese (Mn) 0.48 0.55Zinc (Zn) 0.14 0.33Boron (B) 0.48 0.28Copper (Cu) 0.14 0.05Molydenum (Mo) 0.10 0.05
![Page 34: Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need …...Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need to Know Neil Mattson Associate Professor, Horticulture Cornell University nsm47@cornell.edu](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012918/5e9e625ba14a316ad5065113/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Supplemental Light
![Page 35: Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need …...Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need to Know Neil Mattson Associate Professor, Horticulture Cornell University nsm47@cornell.edu](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012918/5e9e625ba14a316ad5065113/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Lettuce and Light• 17 mol m-2 d-1 target
– Assumes good air flow (paddle fans)• If > 17 mol m-2 d-1 for 3 days in a row
leaf tip burn• If poor air flow or concerned about tip
burn, set a lower target• Days to harvest at:
– 17 mol 35 days– 10 mol 60 days– 5 mol 119 days!
![Page 36: Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need …...Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need to Know Neil Mattson Associate Professor, Horticulture Cornell University nsm47@cornell.edu](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012918/5e9e625ba14a316ad5065113/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Leaf Tip Burn (Calcium deficiency at high light)
![Page 37: Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need …...Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need to Know Neil Mattson Associate Professor, Horticulture Cornell University nsm47@cornell.edu](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012918/5e9e625ba14a316ad5065113/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need …...Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need to Know Neil Mattson Associate Professor, Horticulture Cornell University nsm47@cornell.edu](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012918/5e9e625ba14a316ad5065113/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Tomatoes and Light• Daily Light Integral should be at least 15
mol m-2 d-1 (Ideally >20)• high light best for optimal yield, in northern
climates a 1% decrease in light reduces yield by 1%
• balance the cost of supplemental lighting with yield increases (this is why tomatoes are often not grown in winter in northern climates)
![Page 39: Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need …...Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need to Know Neil Mattson Associate Professor, Horticulture Cornell University nsm47@cornell.edu](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012918/5e9e625ba14a316ad5065113/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
10 mol/day 20 mol/dayLighting treatments
Winter trials at Cornell
![Page 40: Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need …...Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need to Know Neil Mattson Associate Professor, Horticulture Cornell University nsm47@cornell.edu](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012918/5e9e625ba14a316ad5065113/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Lamps HPS vs. LED
![Page 41: Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need …...Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need to Know Neil Mattson Associate Professor, Horticulture Cornell University nsm47@cornell.edu](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012918/5e9e625ba14a316ad5065113/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Source: Nelson and Bugbee 2014
Fixture Type of LampWall-plug efficacy
(mol/kWh)
Capital cost per unit light ($ per
mol/s)
Five-year cost of fixture plus electric $/(µmol/s)yr
PAR Source GLXI
HPS 1000 W magnetic ballast 4.18 $0.30 $0.31
PAR Source GLXI
HPS 1000 W electronic ballast 4.68 $0.29 $0.28
GavitaHPS (double-ended) 1000 W electronic ballast
6.12 $0.29 $0.23
LSG LED red/blue 6.12 $1.84 $0.54BML LED red/white 5.98 $1.85 $0.54Lumigrow Pro 325
LED red/white/blue 4.68 $2.56 $0.73
Apache LED red/white 3.46 $5.28 $1.35Hydrogrow LED red/white 3.20 $3.44 $1.01T8 Fluorescent 60W 3.02 $0.83 $0.51
HPS vs. LED Lamps
![Page 42: Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need …...Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need to Know Neil Mattson Associate Professor, Horticulture Cornell University nsm47@cornell.edu](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012918/5e9e625ba14a316ad5065113/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
InsectsCommon problems:• Aphids (Lettuce)• Thrips (Tomatoes)• Whiteflies (Tomatoes)
• Use of registered pesticides• Biologicals (ex: aphidius colemani for
green peach aphids)• Removal of lower leaves (tomato)
![Page 43: Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need …...Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need to Know Neil Mattson Associate Professor, Horticulture Cornell University nsm47@cornell.edu](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012918/5e9e625ba14a316ad5065113/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
DiseaseCommon problems:• Powdery Mildew • Botrytis (mainly on dying tissue)
• Use of registered fungicides– Ex: Milstop (potassium bicarbonate)– Ex: Serenade (Bacillus subtilis)
• Environmental control (low humidity, air flow)• Removal of lower leaves (tomato)
![Page 44: Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need …...Basics of Hydroponic Production: What You Need to Know Neil Mattson Associate Professor, Horticulture Cornell University nsm47@cornell.edu](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022012918/5e9e625ba14a316ad5065113/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Questions???
Neil MattsonAssociate Professor, HorticultureCornell University
[email protected] 607-255-0621