Basics of Entomology Clyde S. Gorsuch Department of Entomology Clemson University.
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Transcript of Basics of Entomology Clyde S. Gorsuch Department of Entomology Clemson University.
![Page 1: Basics of Entomology Clyde S. Gorsuch Department of Entomology Clemson University.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649eb05503460f94bb5752/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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Basics of Entomology
Clyde S. Gorsuch
Department of Entomology
Clemson University
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Good or Bad??
Many are beneficial Parasites Predators Pollinators
All others cause no damage
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The Good and the Bad“Good Guys”
Lady Beetles Syrphid Flies Lacewings Predatory Thrips Parasitic Wasps Predatory Mites
“Bad Guys” Japanese Beetles Aphids Thrips Whiteflies Caterpillars Spider Mites
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ClassificationKingdom (Animal or Plant)
Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
• Common name
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Classification of the House FlyKingdom: Animal
Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Diptera Family: Muscidae Genus: Musca Species: domestica
• Common name: house fly
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Common Names
Helicoverpa (Heliothis) zea corn earworm
tomato fruitworm
cotton bollworm
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Insects: Good or Bad??
~ 100,000 species in the continental U.S.
~ 1,000 present in yard at any one time
~ 150 - 3,000 may be pests
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Arthropods: I
Class: Arachnida spiders, mites, ticks two body parts four pairs of legs
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Spider and Mite Body Parts
cephalothorax
abdomen
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Arthropods: II
Class: Crustacea sowbugs, pillbugs, crayfish two body parts five pairs of legs
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Arthropods: III
Class: Insecta bugs, beetles, flies, butterflies, etc. three body parts
• head, thorax, abdomen three pairs of legs 0, 1, or 2 pairs of wings
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Insect Body Parts
HeadThorax
Abdomen
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Non-Specialized Legs
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Specialized Legs: Grasping
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Specialized Legs: Digging
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Specialized Legs: Jumping
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Specialized Legs: Running
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WingsStrengthened by veinsMay be bare, scaled, hairy“ptera” = Greek “with wings”
Diptera = two-winged Hemiptera = half-winged Hymenoptera = membrane winged Isoptera = equal wing
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Wings
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Mouthparts
Very important Chewing Piercing-Sucking
Damage symptoms reflect the type of mouthparts
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Chewing
Includes the majority of the chewing insects Most Beetles Caterpillars Grasshoppers Katydids
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Chewing
Physical removal of plant tissue May be external May be internal
Frass is usually present Frass is sawdust-like excrement
• (“bug poop”)
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Chewing
External feeding Feeding on leaf surface Physical removal of plant tissue Old damage may resemble a spot Frass may be present
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Chewing
Internal Feeding Leafminers Old damage may produce a shothole Should find frass
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Piercing-Sucking
Thrips Laceration of epidermis Exuding sap is sucked up
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Piercing-Sucking (Thrips)May produce flecks or specks
May produce russeting
May produce dwarfing or savoying
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Piercing-Sucking
Hemipterous Subtype Chinch Bugs Stink Bugs/Plant Bugs Aphids Scale Insects
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Piercing-Sucking
Mite Subtype Spider Mites, Eriophyid Mites,
Cyclamen Mites
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Piercing-Sucking
Mouthparts are needle-likeEntry hole very smallSymptoms highly variable
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Piercing-Sucking Hemipterous Subtype
Symptoms Yellowing Flecks & Specks
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Piercing-Sucking Hemipterous Subtype Mite Subtype
Symptoms
Gall formation (tumefactions)
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Piercing-Sucking Mite Subtype
Symptoms Bronzing Curl Dwarfing
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Coleoptera (Beetles)
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Demaptera (Earwigs)
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Diptera (Flies)
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Hemiptera (True Bugs)
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Homoptera (scales, whiteflies, aphids)
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Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, horntails)
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Lepidoptera
Butterflies Moths All caterpillars feed on plant
material
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Neuroptera (lacewings, etc.)
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Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets, mantids)
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Non-Insects (mites, ticks, spiders)
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Questions?
The End