Basics of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
description
Transcript of Basics of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
-
Introduction to Electrochemical Impedance SpectroscopyGamry Instruments
-
ImpedanceThe term impedance refers to the frequency dependant resistance to current flow of a circuit element (resistor, capacitor, inductor,etc.)Impedance assumes an AC current of a specific frequency in Hertz (cycles/s).Impedance: Z = E/IE = Frequency-dependent potentialI = Frequency-dependent currentOhms Law: R = E/IR = impedance at the limit of zero frequency
-
Reasons To Run EISEIS is theoretically complex (and can be expensive) why bother?The information content of EIS is much higher than DC techniques or single frequency measurements.EIS may be able to distinguish between two or more electrochemical reactions taking place.EIS can identify diffusion-limited reactions, e.g., diffusion through a passive film.EIS provides information on the capacitive behavior of the system.EIS can test components within an assembled device using the devices own electrodes.
-
Making EIS MeasurementsApply a small sinusoidal perturbation (potential or current) of fixed frequency Measure the response and compute the impedance at each frequency.Z = E/IE = Frequency-dependent potentialI = Frequency-dependent currentRepeat for a wide range of frequenciesPlot and analyze
-
Excitation and Response in EIS
SineOutofPhase
0-0.4
0.0174524064-0.3878476962
0.0348994967-0.3755772502
0.0523359562-0.3631923998
0.0697564737-0.3506969174
0.0871557427-0.3380946094
0.1045284633-0.3253893145
0.1218693434-0.3125849028
0.139173101-0.2996852747
0.156434465-0.2866943596
0.1736481777-0.2736161147
0.1908089954-0.2604545236
0.2079116908-0.2472135955
0.2249510543-0.2338973638
0.2419218956-0.2205098847
0.2588190451-0.2070552361
0.2756373558-0.1935375165
0.2923717047-0.1799608435
0.3090169944-0.1663293527
0.3255681545-0.1526471963
0.3420201433-0.1389185421
0.3583679495-0.125147572
0.3746065934-0.1113384808
0.3907311285-0.0974954747
0.4067366431-0.0836227706
0.4226182617-0.0697245942
0.4383711468-0.055805179
0.4539904997-0.041868765
0.4694715628-0.0279195974
0.4848096202-0.0139619251
0.50
0.51503807490.0139619251
0.52991926420.0279195974
0.5446390350.041868765
0.55919290350.055805179
0.57357643640.0697245942
0.58778525230.0836227706
0.60181502320.0974954747
0.61566147530.1113384808
0.6293203910.125147572
0.64278760970.1389185421
0.6560590290.1526471963
0.66913060640.1663293527
0.68199836010.1799608435
0.69465837050.1935375165
0.70710678120.2070552361
0.71933980030.2205098847
0.73135370160.2338973638
0.74314482550.2472135955
0.75470958020.2604545236
0.76604444310.2736161147
0.77714596150.2866943596
0.78801075360.2996852747
0.798635510.3125849028
0.80901699440.3253893145
0.81915204430.3380946094
0.82903757260.3506969174
0.83867056790.3631923998
0.84804809620.3755772502
0.85716730070.3878476962
0.86602540380.4
0.87461970710.4120304599
0.88294759290.4239354114
0.89100652420.435711228
0.89879404630.4473543228
0.9063077870.4588611491
0.91354545760.4702282018
0.92050485350.4814520185
0.92718385460.4925291803
0.93358042650.5034563128
0.93969262080.5142300877
0.94551857560.5248472232
0.95105651630.5353044851
0.9563047560.545598688
0.96126169590.5557266964
0.96592582630.5656854249
0.97029572630.5754718403
0.97437006480.5850829613
0.97814760070.5945158604
0.98162718340.6037676642
0.9848077530.6128355545
0.98768834060.6217167692
0.99026806870.6304086029
0.99254615160.638908408
0.99452189540.6472135955
0.99619469810.6553216354
0.99756405030.663230058
0.99862953480.6709364544
0.9993908270.6784384769
0.99984769520.6857338406
10.692820323
0.99984769520.6996957657
0.9993908270.7063580743
0.99862953480.7128052194
0.99756405030.719035237
0.99619469810.7250462296
0.99452189540.7308363661
0.99254615160.7364038828
0.99026806870.7417470837
0.98768834060.7468643412
0.9848077530.7517540966
0.98162718340.7564148605
0.97814760070.760845213
0.97437006480.7650438048
0.97029572630.7690093568
0.96592582630.772740661
0.96126169590.776236581
0.9563047560.7794960518
0.95105651630.7825180806
0.94551857560.7853017468
0.93969262080.7878462024
0.93358042650.7901506725
0.92718385460.792214455
0.92050485350.7940369213
0.91354545760.7956175163
0.9063077870.7969557585
0.89879404630.7980512402
0.89100652420.7989036278
0.88294759290.7995126616
0.87461970710.7998781561
0.86602540380.8
0.85716730070.7998781561
0.84804809620.7995126616
0.83867056790.7989036278
0.82903757260.7980512402
0.81915204430.7969557585
0.80901699440.7956175163
0.798635510.7940369213
0.78801075360.792214455
0.77714596150.7901506725
0.76604444310.7878462024
0.75470958020.7853017468
0.74314482550.7825180806
0.73135370160.7794960518
0.71933980030.776236581
0.70710678120.772740661
0.69465837050.7690093568
0.68199836010.7650438048
0.66913060640.760845213
0.6560590290.7564148605
0.64278760970.7517540966
0.6293203910.7468643412
0.61566147530.7417470837
0.60181502320.7364038828
0.58778525230.7308363661
0.57357643640.7250462296
0.55919290350.719035237
0.5446390350.7128052194
0.52991926420.7063580743
0.51503807490.6996957657
0.50.692820323
0.48480962020.6857338406
0.46947156280.6784384769
0.45399049970.6709364544
0.43837114680.663230058
0.42261826170.6553216354
0.40673664310.6472135955
0.39073112850.638908408
0.37460659340.6304086029
0.35836794950.6217167692
0.34202014330.6128355545
0.32556815450.6037676642
0.30901699440.5945158604
0.29237170470.5850829613
0.27563735580.5754718403
0.25881904510.5656854249
0.24192189560.5557266964
0.22495105430.545598688
0.20791169080.5353044851
0.19080899540.5248472232
0.17364817770.5142300877
0.1564344650.5034563128
0.1391731010.4925291803
0.12186934340.4814520185
0.10452846330.4702282018
0.08715574270.4588611491
0.06975647370.4473543228
0.05233595620.435711228
0.03489949670.4239354114
0.01745240640.4120304599
00.4
-0.01745240640.3878476962
-0.03489949670.3755772502
-0.05233595620.3631923998
-0.06975647370.3506969174
-0.08715574270.3380946094
-0.10452846330.3253893145
-0.12186934340.3125849028
-0.1391731010.2996852747
-0.1564344650.2866943596
-0.17364817770.2736161147
-0.19080899540.2604545236
-0.20791169080.2472135955
-0.22495105430.2338973638
-0.24192189560.2205098847
-0.25881904510.2070552361
-0.27563735580.1935375165
-0.29237170470.1799608435
-0.30901699440.1663293527
-0.32556815450.1526471963
-0.34202014330.1389185421
-0.35836794950.125147572
-0.37460659340.1113384808
-0.39073112850.0974954747
-0.40673664310.0836227706
-0.42261826170.0697245942
-0.43837114680.055805179
-0.45399049970.041868765
-0.46947156280.0279195974
-0.48480962020.0139619251
-0.50
-0.5150380749-0.0139619251
-0.5299192642-0.0279195974
-0.544639035-0.041868765
-0.5591929035-0.055805179
-0.5735764364-0.0697245942
-0.5877852523-0.0836227706
-0.6018150232-0.0974954747
-0.6156614753-0.1113384808
-0.629320391-0.125147572
-0.6427876097-0.1389185421
-0.656059029-0.1526471963
-0.6691306064-0.1663293527
-0.6819983601-0.1799608435
-0.6946583705-0.1935375165
-0.7071067812-0.2070552361
-0.7193398003-0.2205098847
-0.7313537016-0.2338973638
-0.7431448255-0.2472135955
-0.7547095802-0.2604545236
-0.7660444431-0.2736161147
-0.7771459615-0.2866943596
-0.7880107536-0.2996852747
-0.79863551-0.3125849028
-0.8090169944-0.3253893145
-0.8191520443-0.3380946094
-0.8290375726-0.3506969174
-0.8386705679-0.3631923998
-0.8480480962-0.3755772502
-0.8571673007-0.3878476962
-0.8660254038-0.4
-0.8746197071-0.4120304599
-0.8829475929-0.4239354114
-0.8910065242-0.435711228
-0.8987940463-0.4473543228
-0.906307787-0.4588611491
-0.9135454576-0.4702282018
-0.9205048535-0.4814520185
-0.9271838546-0.4925291803
-0.9335804265-0.5034563128
-0.9396926208-0.5142300877
-0.9455185756-0.5248472232
-0.9510565163-0.5353044851
-0.956304756-0.545598688
-0.9612616959-0.5557266964
-0.9659258263-0.5656854249
-0.9702957263-0.5754718403
-0.9743700648-0.5850829613
-0.9781476007-0.5945158604
-0.9816271834-0.6037676642
-0.984807753-0.6128355545
-0.9876883406-0.6217167692
-0.9902680687-0.6304086029
-0.9925461516-0.638908408
-0.9945218954-0.6472135955
-0.9961946981-0.6553216354
-0.9975640503-0.663230058
-0.9986295348-0.6709364544
-0.999390827-0.6784384769
-0.9998476952-0.6857338406
-1-0.692820323
-0.9998476952-0.6996957657
-0.999390827-0.7063580743
-0.9986295348-0.7128052194
-0.9975640503-0.719035237
-0.9961946981-0.7250462296
-0.9945218954-0.7308363661
-0.9925461516-0.7364038828
-0.9902680687-0.7417470837
-0.9876883406-0.7468643412
-0.984807753-0.7517540966
-0.9816271834-0.7564148605
-0.9781476007-0.760845213
-0.9743700648-0.7650438048
-0.9702957263-0.7690093568
-0.9659258263-0.772740661
-0.9612616959-0.776236581
-0.956304756-0.7794960518
-0.9510565163-0.7825180806
-0.9455185756-0.7853017468
-0.9396926208-0.7878462024
-0.9335804265-0.7901506725
-0.9271838546-0.792214455
-0.9205048535-0.7940369213
-0.9135454576-0.7956175163
-0.906307787-0.7969557585
-0.8987940463-0.7980512402
-0.8910065242-0.7989036278
-0.8829475929-0.7995126616
-0.8746197071-0.7998781561
-0.8660254038-0.8
-0.8571673007-0.7998781561
-0.8480480962-0.7995126616
-0.8386705679-0.7989036278
-0.8290375726-0.7980512402
-0.8191520443-0.7969557585
-0.8090169944-0.7956175163
-0.79863551-0.7940369213
-0.7880107536-0.792214455
-0.7771459615-0.7901506725
-0.7660444431-0.7878462024
-0.7547095802-0.7853017468
-0.7431448255-0.7825180806
-0.7313537016-0.7794960518
-0.7193398003-0.776236581
-0.7071067812-0.772740661
-0.6946583705-0.7690093568
-0.6819983601-0.7650438048
-0.6691306064-0.760845213
-0.656059029-0.7564148605
-0.6427876097-0.7517540966
-0.629320391-0.7468643412
-0.6156614753-0.7417470837
-0.6018150232-0.7364038828
-0.5877852523-0.7308363661
-0.5735764364-0.7250462296
-0.5591929035-0.719035237
-0.544639035-0.7128052194
-0.5299192642-0.7063580743
-0.5150380749-0.6996957657
-0.5-0.692820323
-0.4848096202-0.6857338406
-0.4694715628-0.6784384769
-0.4539904997-0.6709364544
-0.4383711468-0.663230058
-0.4226182617-0.6553216354
-0.4067366431-0.6472135955
-0.3907311285-0.638908408
-0.3746065934-0.6304086029
-0.3583679495-0.6217167692
-0.3420201433-0.6128355545
-0.3255681545-0.6037676642
-0.3090169944-0.5945158604
-0.2923717047-0.5850829613
-0.2756373558-0.5754718403
-0.2588190451-0.5656854249
-0.2419218956-0.5557266964
-0.2249510543-0.545598688
-0.2079116908-0.5353044851
-0.1908089954-0.5248472232
-0.1736481777-0.5142300877
-0.156434465-0.5034563128
-0.139173101-0.4925291803
-0.1218693434-0.4814520185
-0.1045284633-0.4702282018
-0.0871557427-0.4588611491
-0.0697564737-0.4473543228
-0.0523359562-0.435711228
-0.0348994967-0.4239354114
-0.0174524064-0.4120304599
-0-0.4
PhaseShift
Voltage Magnitude
Current Magnitude
Applied Voltage
Measured Current
Time
Magnitude
Sheet1
XRad(x)Sin(x)-30Rad(x+30)sin(x+30)0.8
000-30-0.5235987756-0.4
10.01745329250.0174524064-29-0.5061454831-0.3878476962
20.0349065850.0348994967-28-0.4886921906-0.3755772502
30.05235987760.0523359562-27-0.471238898-0.3631923998
40.06981317010.0697564737-26-0.4537856055-0.3506969174
50.08726646260.0871557427-25-0.436332313-0.3380946094
60.10471975510.1045284633-24-0.4188790205-0.3253893145
70.12217304760.1218693434-23-0.401425728-0.3125849028
80.13962634020.139173101-22-0.3839724354-0.2996852747
90.15707963270.156434465-21-0.3665191429-0.2866943596
100.17453292520.1736481777-20-0.3490658504-0.2736161147
110.19198621770.1908089954-19-0.3316125579-0.2604545236
120.20943951020.2079116908-18-0.3141592654-0.2472135955
130.22689280280.2249510543-17-0.2967059728-0.2338973638
140.24434609530.2419218956-16-0.2792526803-0.2205098847
150.26179938780.2588190451-15-0.2617993878-0.2070552361
160.27925268030.2756373558-14-0.2443460953-0.1935375165
170.29670597280.2923717047-13-0.2268928028-0.1799608435
180.31415926540.3090169944-12-0.2094395102-0.1663293527
190.33161255790.3255681545-11-0.1919862177-0.1526471963
200.34906585040.3420201433-10-0.1745329252-0.1389185421
210.36651914290.3583679495-9-0.1570796327-0.125147572
220.38397243540.3746065934-8-0.1396263402-0.1113384808
230.4014257280.3907311285-7-0.1221730476-0.0974954747
240.41887902050.4067366431-6-0.1047197551-0.0836227706
250.4363323130.4226182617-5-0.0872664626-0.0697245942
260.45378560550.4383711468-4-0.0698131701-0.055805179
270.4712388980.4539904997-3-0.0523598776-0.041868765
280.48869219060.4694715628-2-0.034906585-0.0279195974
290.50614548310.4848096202-1-0.0174532925-0.0139619251
300.52359877560.5000
310.54105206810.515038074910.01745329250.0139619251
320.55850536060.529919264220.0349065850.0279195974
330.57595865320.54463903530.05235987760.041868765
340.59341194570.559192903540.06981317010.055805179
350.61086523820.573576436450.08726646260.0697245942
360.62831853070.587785252360.10471975510.0836227706
370.64577182320.601815023270.12217304760.0974954747
380.66322511580.615661475380.13962634020.1113384808
390.68067840830.62932039190.15707963270.125147572
400.69813170080.6427876097100.17453292520.1389185421
410.71558499330.656059029110.19198621770.1526471963
420.73303828580.6691306064120.20943951020.1663293527
430.75049157840.6819983601130.22689280280.1799608435
440.76794487090.6946583705140.24434609530.1935375165
450.78539816340.7071067812150.26179938780.2070552361
460.80285145590.7193398003160.27925268030.2205098847
470.82030474840.7313537016170.29670597280.2338973638
480.8377580410.7431448255180.31415926540.2472135955
490.85521133350.7547095802190.33161255790.2604545236
500.8726646260.7660444431200.34906585040.2736161147
510.89011791850.7771459615210.36651914290.2866943596
520.9075712110.7880107536220.38397243540.2996852747
530.92502450360.79863551230.4014257280.3125849028
540.94247779610.8090169944240.41887902050.3253893145
550.95993108860.8191520443250.4363323130.3380946094
560.97738438110.8290375726260.45378560550.3506969174
570.99483767360.8386705679270.4712388980.3631923998
581.01229096620.8480480962280.48869219060.3755772502
591.02974425870.8571673007290.50614548310.3878476962
601.04719755120.8660254038300.52359877560.4
611.06465084370.8746197071310.54105206810.4120304599
621.08210413620.8829475929320.55850536060.4239354114
631.09955742880.8910065242330.57595865320.435711228
641.11701072130.8987940463340.59341194570.4473543228
651.13446401380.906307787350.61086523820.4588611491
661.15191730630.9135454576360.62831853070.4702282018
671.16937059880.9205048535370.64577182320.4814520185
681.18682389140.9271838546380.66322511580.4925291803
691.20427718390.9335804265390.68067840830.5034563128
701.22173047640.9396926208400.69813170080.5142300877
711.23918376890.9455185756410.71558499330.5248472232
721.25663706140.9510565163420.73303828580.5353044851
731.2740903540.956304756430.75049157840.545598688
741.29154364650.9612616959440.76794487090.5557266964
751.3089969390.9659258263450.78539816340.5656854249
761.32645023150.9702957263460.80285145590.5754718403
771.3439035240.9743700648470.82030474840.5850829613
781.36135681660.9781476007480.8377580410.5945158604
791.37881010910.9816271834490.85521133350.6037676642
801.39626340160.984807753500.8726646260.6128355545
811.41371669410.9876883406510.89011791850.6217167692
821.43116998660.9902680687520.9075712110.6304086029
831.44862327920.9925461516530.92502450360.638908408
841.46607657170.9945218954540.94247779610.6472135955
851.48352986420.9961946981550.95993108860.6553216354
861.50098315670.9975640503560.97738438110.663230058
871.51843644920.9986295348570.99483767360.6709364544
881.53588974180.999390827581.01229096620.6784384769
891.55334303430.9998476952591.02974425870.6857338406
901.57079632681601.04719755120.692820323
911.58824961930.9998476952611.06465084370.6996957657
921.60570291180.999390827621.08210413620.7063580743
931.62315620440.9986295348631.09955742880.7128052194
941.64060949690.9975640503641.11701072130.719035237
951.65806278940.9961946981651.13446401380.7250462296
961.67551608190.9945218954661.15191730630.7308363661
971.69296937440.9925461516671.16937059880.7364038828
981.7104226670.9902680687681.18682389140.7417470837
991.72787595950.9876883406691.20427718390.7468643412
1001.7453292520.984807753701.22173047640.7517540966
1011.76278254450.9816271834711.23918376890.7564148605
1021.7802358370.9781476007721.25663706140.760845213
1031.79768912960.9743700648731.2740903540.7650438048
1041.81514242210.9702957263741.29154364650.7690093568
1051.83259571460.9659258263751.3089969390.772740661
1061.85004900710.9612616959761.32645023150.776236581
1071.86750229960.956304756771.3439035240.7794960518
1081.88495559220.9510565163781.36135681660.7825180806
1091.90240888470.9455185756791.37881010910.7853017468
1101.91986217720.9396926208801.39626340160.7878462024
1111.93731546970.9335804265811.41371669410.7901506725
1121.95476876220.9271838546821.43116998660.792214455
1131.97222205480.9205048535831.44862327920.7940369213
1141.98967534730.9135454576841.46607657170.7956175163
1152.00712863980.906307787851.48352986420.7969557585
1162.02458193230.8987940463861.50098315670.7980512402
1172.04203522480.8910065242871.51843644920.7989036278
1182.05948851740.8829475929881.53588974180.7995126616
1192.07694180990.8746197071891.55334303430.7998781561
1202.09439510240.8660254038901.57079632680.8
1212.11184839490.8571673007911.58824961930.7998781561
1222.12930168740.8480480962921.60570291180.7995126616
1232.146754980.8386705679931.62315620440.7989036278
1242.16420827250.8290375726941.64060949690.7980512402
1252.1816615650.8191520443951.65806278940.7969557585
1262.19911485750.8090169944961.67551608190.7956175163
1272.216568150.79863551971.69296937440.7940369213
1282.23402144260.7880107536981.7104226670.792214455
1292.25147473510.7771459615991.72787595950.7901506725
1302.26892802760.76604444311001.7453292520.7878462024
1312.28638132010.75470958021011.76278254450.7853017468
1322.30383461260.74314482551021.7802358370.7825180806
1332.32128790520.73135370161031.79768912960.7794960518
1342.33874119770.71933980031041.81514242210.776236581
1352.35619449020.70710678121051.83259571460.772740661
1362.37364778270.69465837051061.85004900710.7690093568
1372.39110107520.68199836011071.86750229960.7650438048
1382.40855436780.66913060641081.88495559220.760845213
1392.42600766030.6560590291091.90240888470.7564148605
1402.44346095280.64278760971101.91986217720.7517540966
1412.46091424530.6293203911111.93731546970.7468643412
1422.47836753780.61566147531121.95476876220.7417470837
1432.49582083040.60181502321131.97222205480.7364038828
1442.51327412290.58778525231141.98967534730.7308363661
1452.53072741540.57357643641152.00712863980.7250462296
1462.54818070790.55919290351162.02458193230.719035237
1472.56563400040.5446390351172.04203522480.7128052194
1482.5830872930.52991926421182.05948851740.7063580743
1492.60054058550.51503807491192.07694180990.6996957657
1502.6179938780.51202.09439510240.692820323
1512.63544717050.48480962021212.11184839490.6857338406
1522.6529004630.46947156281222.12930168740.6784384769
1532.67035375560.45399049971232.146754980.6709364544
1542.68780704810.43837114681242.16420827250.663230058
1552.70526034060.42261826171252.1816615650.6553216354
1562.72271363310.40673664311262.19911485750.6472135955
1572.74016692560.39073112851272.216568150.638908408
1582.75762021820.37460659341282.23402144260.6304086029
1592.77507351070.35836794951292.25147473510.6217167692
1602.79252680320.34202014331302.26892802760.6128355545
1612.80998009570.32556815451312.28638132010.6037676642
1622.82743338820.30901699441322.30383461260.5945158604
1632.84488668080.29237170471332.32128790520.5850829613
1642.86233997330.27563735581342.33874119770.5754718403
1652.87979326580.25881904511352.35619449020.5656854249
1662.89724655830.24192189561362.37364778270.5557266964
1672.91469985080.22495105431372.39110107520.545598688
1682.93215314340.20791169081382.40855436780.5353044851
1692.94960643590.19080899541392.42600766030.5248472232
1702.96705972840.17364817771402.44346095280.5142300877
1712.98451302090.1564344651412.46091424530.5034563128
1723.00196631340.1391731011422.47836753780.4925291803
1733.0194196060.12186934341432.49582083040.4814520185
1743.03687289850.10452846331442.51327412290.4702282018
1753.0543261910.08715574271452.53072741540.4588611491
1763.07177948350.06975647371462.54818070790.4473543228
1773.0892327760.05233595621472.56563400040.435711228
1783.10668606850.03489949671482.5830872930.4239354114
1793.12413936110.01745240641492.60054058550.4120304599
1803.141592653601502.6179938780.4
1813.1590459461-0.01745240641512.63544717050.3878476962
1823.1764992386-0.03489949671522.6529004630.3755772502
1833.1939525311-0.05233595621532.67035375560.3631923998
1843.2114058237-0.06975647371542.68780704810.3506969174
1853.2288591162-0.08715574271552.70526034060.3380946094
1863.2463124087-0.10452846331562.72271363310.3253893145
1873.2637657012-0.12186934341572.74016692560.3125849028
1883.2812189937-0.1391731011582.75762021820.2996852747
1893.2986722863-0.1564344651592.77507351070.2866943596
1903.3161255788-0.17364817771602.79252680320.2736161147
1913.3335788713-0.19080899541612.80998009570.2604545236
1923.3510321638-0.20791169081622.82743338820.2472135955
1933.3684854563-0.22495105431632.84488668080.2338973638
1943.3859387489-0.24192189561642.86233997330.2205098847
1953.4033920414-0.25881904511652.87979326580.2070552361
1963.4208453339-0.27563735581662.89724655830.1935375165
1973.4382986264-0.29237170471672.91469985080.1799608435
1983.4557519189-0.30901699441682.93215314340.1663293527
1993.4732052115-0.32556815451692.94960643590.1526471963
2003.490658504-0.34202014331702.96705972840.1389185421
2013.5081117965-0.35836794951712.98451302090.125147572
2023.525565089-0.37460659341723.00196631340.1113384808
2033.5430183815-0.39073112851733.0194196060.0974954747
2043.5604716741-0.40673664311743.03687289850.0836227706
2053.5779249666-0.42261826171753.0543261910.0697245942
2063.5953782591-0.43837114681763.07177948350.055805179
2073.6128315516-0.45399049971773.0892327760.041868765
2083.6302848441-0.46947156281783.10668606850.0279195974
2093.6477381367-0.48480962021793.12413936110.0139619251
2103.6651914292-0.51803.14159265360
2113.6826447217-0.51503807491813.1590459461-0.0139619251
2123.7000980142-0.52991926421823.1764992386-0.0279195974
2133.7175513067-0.5446390351833.1939525311-0.041868765
2143.7350045993-0.55919290351843.2114058237-0.055805179
2153.7524578918-0.57357643641853.2288591162-0.0697245942
2163.7699111843-0.58778525231863.2463124087-0.0836227706
2173.7873644768-0.60181502321873.2637657012-0.0974954747
2183.8048177693-0.61566147531883.2812189937-0.1113384808
2193.8222710619-0.6293203911893.2986722863-0.125147572
2203.8397243544-0.64278760971903.3161255788-0.1389185421
2213.8571776469-0.6560590291913.3335788713-0.1526471963
2223.8746309394-0.66913060641923.3510321638-0.1663293527
2233.8920842319-0.68199836011933.3684854563-0.1799608435
2243.9095375245-0.69465837051943.3859387489-0.1935375165
2253.926990817-0.70710678121953.4033920414-0.2070552361
2263.9444441095-0.71933980031963.4208453339-0.2205098847
2273.961897402-0.73135370161973.4382986264-0.2338973638
2283.9793506945-0.74314482551983.4557519189-0.2472135955
2293.9968039871-0.75470958021993.4732052115-0.2604545236
2304.0142572796-0.76604444312003.490658504-0.2736161147
2314.0317105721-0.77714596152013.5081117965-0.2866943596
2324.0491638646-0.78801075362023.525565089-0.2996852747
2334.0666171571-0.798635512033.5430183815-0.3125849028
2344.0840704497-0.80901699442043.5604716741-0.3253893145
2354.1015237422-0.81915204432053.5779249666-0.3380946094
2364.1189770347-0.82903757262063.5953782591-0.3506969174
2374.1364303272-0.83867056792073.6128315516-0.3631923998
2384.1538836197-0.84804809622083.6302848441-0.3755772502
2394.1713369123-0.85716730072093.6477381367-0.3878476962
2404.1887902048-0.86602540382103.6651914292-0.4
2414.2062434973-0.87461970712113.6826447217-0.4120304599
2424.2236967898-0.88294759292123.7000980142-0.4239354114
2434.2411500823-0.89100652422133.7175513067-0.435711228
2444.2586033749-0.89879404632143.7350045993-0.4473543228
2454.2760566674-0.9063077872153.7524578918-0.4588611491
2464.2935099599-0.91354545762163.7699111843-0.4702282018
2474.3109632524-0.92050485352173.7873644768-0.4814520185
2484.3284165449-0.92718385462183.8048177693-0.4925291803
2494.3458698375-0.93358042652193.8222710619-0.5034563128
2504.36332313-0.93969262082203.8397243544-0.5142300877
2514.3807764225-0.94551857562213.8571776469-0.5248472232
2524.398229715-0.95105651632223.8746309394-0.5353044851
2534.4156830075-0.9563047562233.8920842319-0.545598688
2544.4331363001-0.96126169592243.9095375245-0.5557266964
2554.4505895926-0.96592582632253.926990817-0.5656854249
2564.4680428851-0.97029572632263.9444441095-0.5754718403
2574.4854961776-0.97437006482273.961897402-0.5850829613
2584.5029494701-0.97814760072283.9793506945-0.5945158604
2594.5204027627-0.98162718342293.9968039871-0.6037676642
2604.5378560552-0.9848077532304.0142572796-0.6128355545
2614.5553093477-0.98768834062314.0317105721-0.6217167692
2624.5727626402-0.99026806872324.0491638646-0.6304086029
2634.5902159327-0.99254615162334.0666171571-0.638908408
2644.6076692253-0.99452189542344.0840704497-0.6472135955
2654.6251225178-0.99619469812354.1015237422-0.6553216354
2664.6425758103-0.99756405032364.1189770347-0.663230058
2674.6600291028-0.99862953482374.1364303272-0.6709364544
2684.6774823953-0.9993908272384.1538836197-0.6784384769
2694.6949356879-0.99984769522394.1713369123-0.6857338406
2704.7123889804-12404.1887902048-0.692820323
2714.7298422729-0.99984769522414.2062434973-0.6996957657
2724.7472955654-0.9993908272424.2236967898-0.7063580743
2734.7647488579-0.99862953482434.2411500823-0.7128052194
2744.7822021505-0.99756405032444.2586033749-0.719035237
2754.799655443-0.99619469812454.2760566674-0.7250462296
2764.8171087355-0.99452189542464.2935099599-0.7308363661
2774.834562028-0.99254615162474.3109632524-0.7364038828
2784.8520153205-0.99026806872484.3284165449-0.7417470837
2794.8694686131-0.98768834062494.3458698375-0.7468643412
2804.8869219056-0.9848077532504.36332313-0.7517540966
2814.9043751981-0.98162718342514.3807764225-0.7564148605
2824.9218284906-0.97814760072524.398229715-0.760845213
2834.9392817831-0.97437006482534.4156830075-0.7650438048
2844.9567350757-0.97029572632544.4331363001-0.7690093568
2854.9741883682-0.96592582632554.4505895926-0.772740661
2864.9916416607-0.96126169592564.4680428851-0.776236581
2875.0090949532-0.9563047562574.4854961776-0.7794960518
2885.0265482457-0.95105651632584.5029494701-0.7825180806
2895.0440015383-0.94551857562594.5204027627-0.7853017468
2905.0614548308-0.93969262082604.5378560552-0.7878462024
2915.0789081233-0.93358042652614.5553093477-0.7901506725
2925.0963614158-0.92718385462624.5727626402-0.792214455
2935.1138147083-0.92050485352634.5902159327-0.7940369213
2945.1312680009-0.91354545762644.6076692253-0.7956175163
2955.1487212934-0.9063077872654.6251225178-0.7969557585
2965.1661745859-0.89879404632664.6425758103-0.7980512402
2975.1836278784-0.89100652422674.6600291028-0.7989036278
2985.2010811709-0.88294759292684.6774823953-0.7995126616
2995.2185344635-0.87461970712694.6949356879-0.7998781561
3005.235987756-0.86602540382704.7123889804-0.8
3015.2534410485-0.85716730072714.7298422729-0.7998781561
3025.270894341-0.84804809622724.7472955654-0.7995126616
3035.2883476335-0.83867056792734.7647488579-0.7989036278
3045.3058009261-0.82903757262744.7822021505-0.7980512402
3055.3232542186-0.81915204432754.799655443-0.7969557585
3065.3407075111-0.80901699442764.8171087355-0.7956175163
3075.3581608036-0.798635512774.834562028-0.7940369213
3085.3756140961-0.78801075362784.8520153205-0.792214455
3095.3930673887-0.77714596152794.8694686131-0.7901506725
3105.4105206812-0.76604444312804.8869219056-0.7878462024
3115.4279739737-0.75470958022814.9043751981-0.7853017468
3125.4454272662-0.74314482552824.9218284906-0.7825180806
3135.4628805587-0.73135370162834.9392817831-0.7794960518
3145.4803338513-0.71933980032844.9567350757-0.776236581
3155.4977871438-0.70710678122854.9741883682-0.772740661
3165.5152404363-0.69465837052864.9916416607-0.7690093568
3175.5326937288-0.68199836012875.0090949532-0.7650438048
3185.5501470213-0.66913060642885.0265482457-0.760845213
3195.5676003139-0.6560590292895.0440015383-0.7564148605
3205.5850536064-0.64278760972905.0614548308-0.7517540966
3215.6025068989-0.6293203912915.0789081233-0.7468643412
3225.6199601914-0.61566147532925.0963614158-0.7417470837
3235.6374134839-0.60181502322935.1138147083-0.7364038828
3245.6548667765-0.58778525232945.1312680009-0.7308363661
3255.672320069-0.57357643642955.1487212934-0.7250462296
3265.6897733615-0.55919290352965.1661745859-0.719035237
3275.707226654-0.5446390352975.1836278784-0.7128052194
3285.7246799465-0.52991926422985.2010811709-0.7063580743
3295.7421332391-0.51503807492995.2185344635-0.6996957657
3305.7595865316-0.53005.235987756-0.692820323
3315.7770398241-0.48480962023015.2534410485-0.6857338406
3325.7944931166-0.46947156283025.270894341-0.6784384769
3335.8119464091-0.45399049973035.2883476335-0.6709364544
3345.8293997017-0.43837114683045.3058009261-0.663230058
3355.8468529942-0.42261826173055.3232542186-0.6553216354
3365.8643062867-0.40673664313065.3407075111-0.6472135955
3375.8817595792-0.39073112853075.3581608036-0.638908408
3385.8992128717-0.37460659343085.3756140961-0.6304086029
3395.9166661643-0.35836794953095.3930673887-0.6217167692
3405.9341194568-0.34202014333105.4105206812-0.6128355545
3415.9515727493-0.32556815453115.4279739737-0.6037676642
3425.9690260418-0.30901699443125.4454272662-0.5945158604
3435.9864793343-0.29237170473135.4628805587-0.5850829613
3446.0039326269-0.27563735583145.4803338513-0.5754718403
3456.0213859194-0.25881904513155.4977871438-0.5656854249
3466.0388392119-0.24192189563165.5152404363-0.5557266964
3476.0562925044-0.22495105433175.5326937288-0.545598688
3486.0737457969-0.20791169083185.5501470213-0.5353044851
3496.0911990895-0.19080899543195.5676003139-0.5248472232
3506.108652382-0.17364817773205.5850536064-0.5142300877
3516.1261056745-0.1564344653215.6025068989-0.5034563128
3526.143558967-0.1391731013225.6199601914-0.4925291803
3536.1610122595-0.12186934343235.6374134839-0.4814520185
3546.1784655521-0.10452846333245.6548667765-0.4702282018
3556.1959188446-0.08715574273255.672320069-0.4588611491
3566.2133721371-0.06975647373265.6897733615-0.4473543228
3576.2308254296-0.05233595623275.707226654-0.435711228
3586.2482787221-0.03489949673285.7246799465-0.4239354114
3596.2657320147-0.01745240643295.7421332391-0.4120304599
3606.2831853072-03305.7595865316-0.4
Sheet2
Sheet3
SineOutofPhase (2)
0-0.4
0.0174524064-0.3878476962
0.0348994967-0.3755772502
0.0523359562-0.3631923998
0.0697564737-0.3506969174
0.0871557427-0.3380946094
0.1045284633-0.3253893145
0.1218693434-0.3125849028
0.139173101-0.2996852747
0.156434465-0.2866943596
0.1736481777-0.2736161147
0.1908089954-0.2604545236
0.2079116908-0.2472135955
0.2249510543-0.2338973638
0.2419218956-0.2205098847
0.2588190451-0.2070552361
0.2756373558-0.1935375165
0.2923717047-0.1799608435
0.3090169944-0.1663293527
0.3255681545-0.1526471963
0.3420201433-0.1389185421
0.3583679495-0.125147572
0.3746065934-0.1113384808
0.3907311285-0.0974954747
0.4067366431-0.0836227706
0.4226182617-0.0697245942
0.4383711468-0.055805179
0.4539904997-0.041868765
0.4694715628-0.0279195974
0.4848096202-0.0139619251
0.50
0.51503807490.0139619251
0.52991926420.0279195974
0.5446390350.041868765
0.55919290350.055805179
0.57357643640.0697245942
0.58778525230.0836227706
0.60181502320.0974954747
0.61566147530.1113384808
0.6293203910.125147572
0.64278760970.1389185421
0.6560590290.1526471963
0.66913060640.1663293527
0.68199836010.1799608435
0.69465837050.1935375165
0.70710678120.2070552361
0.71933980030.2205098847
0.73135370160.2338973638
0.74314482550.2472135955
0.75470958020.2604545236
0.76604444310.2736161147
0.77714596150.2866943596
0.78801075360.2996852747
0.798635510.3125849028
0.80901699440.3253893145
0.81915204430.3380946094
0.82903757260.3506969174
0.83867056790.3631923998
0.84804809620.3755772502
0.85716730070.3878476962
0.86602540380.4
0.87461970710.4120304599
0.88294759290.4239354114
0.89100652420.435711228
0.89879404630.4473543228
0.9063077870.4588611491
0.91354545760.4702282018
0.92050485350.4814520185
0.92718385460.4925291803
0.93358042650.5034563128
0.93969262080.5142300877
0.94551857560.5248472232
0.95105651630.5353044851
0.9563047560.545598688
0.96126169590.5557266964
0.96592582630.5656854249
0.97029572630.5754718403
0.97437006480.5850829613
0.97814760070.5945158604
0.98162718340.6037676642
0.9848077530.6128355545
0.98768834060.6217167692
0.99026806870.6304086029
0.99254615160.638908408
0.99452189540.6472135955
0.99619469810.6553216354
0.99756405030.663230058
0.99862953480.6709364544
0.9993908270.6784384769
0.99984769520.6857338406
10.692820323
0.99984769520.6996957657
0.9993908270.7063580743
0.99862953480.7128052194
0.99756405030.719035237
0.99619469810.7250462296
0.99452189540.7308363661
0.99254615160.7364038828
0.99026806870.7417470837
0.98768834060.7468643412
0.9848077530.7517540966
0.98162718340.7564148605
0.97814760070.760845213
0.97437006480.7650438048
0.97029572630.7690093568
0.96592582630.772740661
0.96126169590.776236581
0.9563047560.7794960518
0.95105651630.7825180806
0.94551857560.7853017468
0.93969262080.7878462024
0.93358042650.7901506725
0.92718385460.792214455
0.92050485350.7940369213
0.91354545760.7956175163
0.9063077870.7969557585
0.89879404630.7980512402
0.89100652420.7989036278
0.88294759290.7995126616
0.87461970710.7998781561
0.86602540380.8
0.85716730070.7998781561
0.84804809620.7995126616
0.83867056790.7989036278
0.82903757260.7980512402
0.81915204430.7969557585
0.80901699440.7956175163
0.798635510.7940369213
0.78801075360.792214455
0.77714596150.7901506725
0.76604444310.7878462024
0.75470958020.7853017468
0.74314482550.7825180806
0.73135370160.7794960518
0.71933980030.776236581
0.70710678120.772740661
0.69465837050.7690093568
0.68199836010.7650438048
0.66913060640.760845213
0.6560590290.7564148605
0.64278760970.7517540966
0.6293203910.7468643412
0.61566147530.7417470837
0.60181502320.7364038828
0.58778525230.7308363661
0.57357643640.7250462296
0.55919290350.719035237
0.5446390350.7128052194
0.52991926420.7063580743
0.51503807490.6996957657
0.50.692820323
0.48480962020.6857338406
0.46947156280.6784384769
0.45399049970.6709364544
0.43837114680.663230058
0.42261826170.6553216354
0.40673664310.6472135955
0.39073112850.638908408
0.37460659340.6304086029
0.35836794950.6217167692
0.34202014330.6128355545
0.32556815450.6037676642
0.30901699440.5945158604
0.29237170470.5850829613
0.27563735580.5754718403
0.25881904510.5656854249
0.24192189560.5557266964
0.22495105430.545598688
0.20791169080.5353044851
0.19080899540.5248472232
0.17364817770.5142300877
0.1564344650.5034563128
0.1391731010.4925291803
0.12186934340.4814520185
0.10452846330.4702282018
0.08715574270.4588611491
0.06975647370.4473543228
0.05233595620.435711228
0.03489949670.4239354114
0.01745240640.4120304599
00.4
-0.01745240640.3878476962
-0.03489949670.3755772502
-0.05233595620.3631923998
-0.06975647370.3506969174
-0.08715574270.3380946094
-0.10452846330.3253893145
-0.12186934340.3125849028
-0.1391731010.2996852747
-0.1564344650.2866943596
-0.17364817770.2736161147
-0.19080899540.2604545236
-0.20791169080.2472135955
-0.22495105430.2338973638
-0.24192189560.2205098847
-0.25881904510.2070552361
-0.27563735580.1935375165
-0.29237170470.1799608435
-0.30901699440.1663293527
-0.32556815450.1526471963
-0.34202014330.1389185421
-0.35836794950.125147572
-0.37460659340.1113384808
-0.39073112850.0974954747
-0.40673664310.0836227706
-0.42261826170.0697245942
-0.43837114680.055805179
-0.45399049970.041868765
-0.46947156280.0279195974
-0.48480962020.0139619251
-0.50
-0.5150380749-0.0139619251
-0.5299192642-0.0279195974
-0.544639035-0.041868765
-0.5591929035-0.055805179
-0.5735764364-0.0697245942
-0.5877852523-0.0836227706
-0.6018150232-0.0974954747
-0.6156614753-0.1113384808
-0.629320391-0.125147572
-0.6427876097-0.1389185421
-0.656059029-0.1526471963
-0.6691306064-0.1663293527
-0.6819983601-0.1799608435
-0.6946583705-0.1935375165
-0.7071067812-0.2070552361
-0.7193398003-0.2205098847
-0.7313537016-0.2338973638
-0.7431448255-0.2472135955
-0.7547095802-0.2604545236
-0.7660444431-0.2736161147
-0.7771459615-0.2866943596
-0.7880107536-0.2996852747
-0.79863551-0.3125849028
-0.8090169944-0.3253893145
-0.8191520443-0.3380946094
-0.8290375726-0.3506969174
-0.8386705679-0.3631923998
-0.8480480962-0.3755772502
-0.8571673007-0.3878476962
-0.8660254038-0.4
-0.8746197071-0.4120304599
-0.8829475929-0.4239354114
-0.8910065242-0.435711228
-0.8987940463-0.4473543228
-0.906307787-0.4588611491
-0.9135454576-0.4702282018
-0.9205048535-0.4814520185
-0.9271838546-0.4925291803
-0.9335804265-0.5034563128
-0.9396926208-0.5142300877
-0.9455185756-0.5248472232
-0.9510565163-0.5353044851
-0.956304756-0.545598688
-0.9612616959-0.5557266964
-0.9659258263-0.5656854249
-0.9702957263-0.5754718403
-0.9743700648-0.5850829613
-0.9781476007-0.5945158604
-0.9816271834-0.6037676642
-0.984807753-0.6128355545
-0.9876883406-0.6217167692
-0.9902680687-0.6304086029
-0.9925461516-0.638908408
-0.9945218954-0.6472135955
-0.9961946981-0.6553216354
-0.9975640503-0.663230058
-0.9986295348-0.6709364544
-0.999390827-0.6784384769
-0.9998476952-0.6857338406
-1-0.692820323
-0.9998476952-0.6996957657
-0.999390827-0.7063580743
-0.9986295348-0.7128052194
-0.9975640503-0.719035237
-0.9961946981-0.7250462296
-0.9945218954-0.7308363661
-0.9925461516-0.7364038828
-0.9902680687-0.7417470837
-0.9876883406-0.7468643412
-0.984807753-0.7517540966
-0.9816271834-0.7564148605
-0.9781476007-0.760845213
-0.9743700648-0.7650438048
-0.9702957263-0.7690093568
-0.9659258263-0.772740661
-0.9612616959-0.776236581
-0.956304756-0.7794960518
-0.9510565163-0.7825180806
-0.9455185756-0.7853017468
-0.9396926208-0.7878462024
-0.9335804265-0.7901506725
-0.9271838546-0.792214455
-0.9205048535-0.7940369213
-0.9135454576-0.7956175163
-0.906307787-0.7969557585
-0.8987940463-0.7980512402
-0.8910065242-0.7989036278
-0.8829475929-0.7995126616
-0.8746197071-0.7998781561
-0.8660254038-0.8
-0.8571673007-0.7998781561
-0.8480480962-0.7995126616
-0.8386705679-0.7989036278
-0.8290375726-0.7980512402
-0.8191520443-0.7969557585
-0.8090169944-0.7956175163
-0.79863551-0.7940369213
-0.7880107536-0.792214455
-0.7771459615-0.7901506725
-0.7660444431-0.7878462024
-0.7547095802-0.7853017468
-0.7431448255-0.7825180806
-0.7313537016-0.7794960518
-0.7193398003-0.776236581
-0.7071067812-0.772740661
-0.6946583705-0.7690093568
-0.6819983601-0.7650438048
-0.6691306064-0.760845213
-0.656059029-0.7564148605
-0.6427876097-0.7517540966
-0.629320391-0.7468643412
-0.6156614753-0.7417470837
-0.6018150232-0.7364038828
-0.5877852523-0.7308363661
-0.5735764364-0.7250462296
-0.5591929035-0.719035237
-0.544639035-0.7128052194
-0.5299192642-0.7063580743
-0.5150380749-0.6996957657
-0.5-0.692820323
-0.4848096202-0.6857338406
-0.4694715628-0.6784384769
-0.4539904997-0.6709364544
-0.4383711468-0.663230058
-0.4226182617-0.6553216354
-0.4067366431-0.6472135955
-0.3907311285-0.638908408
-0.3746065934-0.6304086029
-0.3583679495-0.6217167692
-0.3420201433-0.6128355545
-0.3255681545-0.6037676642
-0.3090169944-0.5945158604
-0.2923717047-0.5850829613
-0.2756373558-0.5754718403
-0.2588190451-0.5656854249
-0.2419218956-0.5557266964
-0.2249510543-0.545598688
-0.2079116908-0.5353044851
-0.1908089954-0.5248472232
-0.1736481777-0.5142300877
-0.156434465-0.5034563128
-0.139173101-0.4925291803
-0.1218693434-0.4814520185
-0.1045284633-0.4702282018
-0.0871557427-0.4588611491
-0.0697564737-0.4473543228
-0.0523359562-0.435711228
-0.0348994967-0.4239354114
-0.0174524064-0.4120304599
-0-0.4
PhaseShift
Voltage Magnitude
Current Magnitude
Applied Voltage
Measured Current
Time
Magnitude
-
EIS Data PresentationEIS data may be displayed as either a vector or a complex quantity.A vector is defined by the impedance magnitude and the phase angle.As a complex quantity, Ztotal = Zreal + ZimagThe vector and the complex quantity are different representations of the impedance and are mathematically equivalent.
-
Vector and Complex Plane Representations of EIS VectorComplex PlaneMagnitudeReal Impedance, ZImaginary Impedance, Z = Phase Angle
-
EIS data may be presented as a Bode Plot or a Complex Plane (Nyquist) PlotBode PlotNyquist Plot
Chart4
2.29667929095.0000303995-2.37040472215.0000303995
2.296992984.9000042456-2.14235179974.9000042456
2.29762593974.8000672121-2.03785220944.8000672121
2.29842321754.700043122-2.01664845824.700043122
2.29909098674.6000052684-2.07090716184.6000052684
2.29970469644.5001554832-2.21967295964.5001554832
2.30002271624.4000835989-2.46522084434.4000835989
2.30082807744.3000386737-2.87167987284.3000386737
2.30114580454.2001087201-3.4058420114.2001087201
2.30168324794.0999291328-4.1097753494.0999291328
2.30231951343.99992182-4.98162649773.99992182
2.30336896663.8999626914-6.18921904173.8999626914
2.3052277483.8001050617-7.69710648033.8001050617
2.3077384883.6999400027-9.5711456883.6999400027
2.3114364613.5999845411-11.86848085193.5999845411
2.31698136073.500053879-14.77931873393.500053879
2.32669931273.3998743849-18.23600787083.3998743849
2.34039301513.3000234384-22.35447301683.3000234384
2.36008149063.1998895026-27.22228719343.1998895026
2.38834943153.100039528-32.5499908863.100039528
2.4262002052.9999782847-38.28727123932.9999782847
2.47535931722.8999096494-43.99260207422.8999096494
2.53531569812.8000183469-49.35612930442.8000183469
2.60525096122.7001003036-54.02195942312.7001003036
2.68303787162.6001110714-57.75151350832.6001110714
2.76696690442.4998423564-60.33950003412.4998423564
2.85365757562.3999937011-61.68544358482.3999937011
2.94181169872.2999320153-61.78780985142.2999320153
3.02874993952.2001196781-60.64916672352.2001196781
3.11300225792.1000636732-58.2814895062.1000636732
3.19188676412.0000390847-54.7407518292.0000390847
3.26336604351.8998658986-50.19882922871.8998658986
3.32500104231.8000093991-44.93309907571.8000093991
3.37638710351.6990420912-39.14897759911.6990420912
3.41506411071.602124045-33.5640659851.602124045
3.44550502451.499402499-27.95495716021.499402499
3.46673156561.3977853723-22.94659561691.3977853723
3.48063891841.3010538812-18.79200190371.3010538812
3.49041404041.1984756349-15.09797114841.1984756349
3.49685082021.0969169617-12.10453882971.0969169617
3.50090848420.999943538-9.74340332920.999943538
3.50364255950.8972910703-7.72655901780.8972910703
3.50530137420.8004579361-6.18544513260.8004579361
3.506488840.6987510647-4.90608942610.6987510647
3.50702498520.5991207513-3.90865532090.5991207513
3.50742699130.499299343-3.12442147590.499299343
3.50771181250.3998207684-2.47472127380.3998207684
3.50785346450.2999189533-1.99521488750.2999189533
3.50808783410.1995494967-1.57703511960.1995494967
3.50810314320.0994354614-1.26391482030.0994354614
3.50757914750.0000260569-0.99879703820.0000260569
3.5075777286-0.0998519858-0.8060287558-0.0998519858
3.5076581182-0.1999307233-0.6292911249-0.1999307233
3.5077573834-0.3000002024-0.5146308149-0.3000002024
3.5076158821-0.399820225-0.4068395941-0.399820225
3.5077617171-0.4999063003-0.3256031105-0.4999063003
3.50758985-0.5999699918-0.2400052396-0.5999699918
3.5077588905-0.7001420079-0.2070997607-0.7001420079
3.5075838423-0.7998994986-0.1672944336-0.7998994986
3.5076113455-0.9000708672-0.1238103434-0.9000708672
3.5075032422-1.0000260585-0.1156289084-1.0000260585
3.5075701548-1.0999115648-0.0684893168-1.0999115648
3.5075634245-1.1999499933-0.0704331603-1.1999499933
3.5074431041-1.2998676433-0.0465436604-1.2998676433
3.5078182783-1.4000187317-0.0511393151-1.4000187317
3.5075996781-1.4999557334-0.046449791-1.4999557334
3.5077655111-1.6000495256-0.0147450227-1.6000495256
3.5078505257-1.6999700321-0.0272220592-1.6999700321
3.5077088546-1.7998885404-0.0176151618-1.7998885404
3.5075847138-1.8998707966-0.0188814922-1.8998707966
3.5075563677-1.9999565727-0.0172568591-1.9999565727
3.5076467698-2.10001543750.0070099542-2.1000154375
3.507324198-2.2000394726-0.0289634001-2.2000394726
3.507534848-2.2999889377-0.0379425424-2.2999889377
3.5073930177-2.3998987443-0.0126773837-2.3998987443
Log Freq (Hz)
Log Modulus (Ohm)
Phase (Degree)
EISCURVE
DataFileName'Copeland_EIS_Dummy.DTA'
PointCount75
TitlePotentiostatic EIS
Date12/9/1999
Time10:41:55
ChartTitlePotentiostatic EIS 'Copeland_EIS_Dummy.DTA' 12/9/1999-10:41:55
Model.Name
Model.ParamCount
Model.Labels
Model.Params1.000E+001.000E+001.000E+001.000E+001.000E+001.000E+001.000E+001.000E+001.000E+001.000E+001.000E+001.000E+001.000E+001.000E+001.000E+001.000E+001.000E+001.000E+001.000E+001.000E+00
Model.Error
Model.Lock
NumberOfIterations30
AnalCurveFlag
PlotType1
PlotImmittance1
YLog
AspectRatio
Disp1.ChartNameChart 9
Disp1.EnablePointsFlag
Disp1.AxisRange-362.23.6-7010
Disp1.FitAxisRange
Disp1.LabelsLog Freq (Hz)Log Modulus (Ohm)Phase (Degree)
Disp1.MatchToListModulusPhase
Disp2.ChartNameChart 10
Disp2.EnablePointsFlag
Disp2.AxisRange-3603500-2001600
Disp2.FitAxisRange
Disp2.LabelsLog Freq (Hz)Real (Ohm)-Imag (Ohm)
Disp2.MatchToListRealImaginary
Disp3.ChartNameChart 11
Disp3.EnablePointsFlag
Disp3.AxisRange03500-2002569.5099818512
Disp3.FitAxisRange
Disp3.LabelsReal (Ohm)-Imag (Ohm)
Disp3.MatchToListNyquist
Curve.FreqCurve.RealCurve.ImagCurve.ModCurve.PhzCurve.SigmaFitCurve.RealFitCurve.ImagFitCurve.ModFitCurve.PhzDisp.Freq.DataDisp.Real.DataDisp.Imag.DataDisp.Mod.DataDisp.Phz.DataDisp.Sigma.DataAnal.Real.DataAnal.Imag.DataAnal.Mod.DataAnal.Phz.DataDisplay1.PointStatusDisplay2.PointStatusDisplay3.PointStatusPtTog
DataTable100007197.837-8.18946198.0064287444-2.370404722115.001.98E+028.19E+002.30-2.37
79433.6198.011-7.4073198.1494996569-2.142351799714.901.98E+027.41E+002.30-2.14
63105.5198.313-7.05642198.4385018897-2.037852209414.801.98E+027.06E+002.30-2.04
50123.7198.68-6.99586198.8031298977-2.016648458214.701.99E+027.00E+002.30-2.02
39811.2198.979-7.19506199.1090438162-2.070907161814.601.99E+027.20E+002.30-2.07
31634.1199.241-7.72258199.3906074088-2.219672959614.501.99E+027.72E+002.30-2.22
25123.7199.352-8.58266199.5366682008-2.465220844314.401.99E+028.58E+002.30-2.47
19954.4199.656-10.0152199.9070348113-2.871679872814.302.00E+021.00E+012.30-2.87
15852.9199.7-11.8848200.053339065-3.40584201114.202.00E+021.19E+012.30-3.41
12587.2199.786-14.3551200.301060137-4.10977534914.102.00E+021.44E+012.30-4.11
9998.2199.837-17.4189200.5947273639-4.981626497714.002.00E+021.74E+012.30-4.98
7942.6199.908-21.6789201.0800416979-6.189219041713.902.00E+022.17E+012.30-6.19
6311.1200.123-27.0474201.9425090855-7.697106480313.802.00E+022.70E+012.31-7.70
5011.18200.286-33.7721203.113358828-9.57114568813.702.00E+023.38E+012.31-9.57
3980.93200.471-42.1307204.8502324223-11.868480851913.602.00E+024.21E+012.31-11.87
3162.67200.618-52.9281207.482446712-14.779318733913.502.01E+025.29E+012.32-14.78
2511.16201.521-66.3971212.1774925137-18.236007870813.402.02E+026.64E+012.33-18.24
1995.37202.518-83.2837218.9742336662-22.354473016813.302.03E+028.33E+012.34-22.35
1584.49203.751-104.814229.1297549359-27.222287193413.202.04E+021.05E+022.36-27.22
1259.04206.128-131.571244.5397317922-32.54999088613.102.06E+021.32E+022.39-32.55
999.95209.422-165.316266.8088340741-38.287271239313.002.09E+021.65E+022.43-38.29
794.163214.955-207.526298.7853622603-43.992602074212.902.15E+022.08E+022.48-43.99
630.984223.426-260.272343.0170425212-49.356129304412.802.23E+022.60E+022.54-49.36
501.303236.723-326.084402.9498154671-54.021959423112.702.37E+023.26E+022.61-54.02
398.209257.186-407.639481.98982657-57.751513508312.602.57E+024.08E+022.68-57.75
316.113289.367-508.128584.7455216357-60.339500034112.502.89E+025.08E+022.77-60.34
251.185338.627-628.516713.9331953236-61.685443584812.403.39E+026.29E+022.85-61.69
199.495413.459-770.704874.6044822072-61.787809851412.304.13E+027.71E+022.94-61.79
158.533523.702-931.2891068.4395099045-60.649166723512.205.24E+029.31E+023.03-60.65
125.911681.991-1103.441297.1860150653-58.28148950612.106.82E+021.10E+033.11-58.28
100.009897.989-1270.191555.5599892711-54.74075182912.008.98E+021.27E+033.19-54.74
79.40831173.9-1408.91833.8594329992-50.198829228711.901.17E+031.41E+033.26-50.20
63.09711496.21-1492.722113.4941122464-44.933099075711.801.50E+031.49E+033.33-44.93
50.00831844.9-1501.932378.9598010265-39.148977599111.701.84E+031.50E+033.38-39.15
40.00592166.95-1437.762600.5434278435-33.56406598511.602.17E+031.44E+033.42-33.56
31.57932463.89-1307.592789.3629273008-27.954957160211.502.46E+031.31E+033.45-27.95
24.99112697.3-1141.972929.0822403784-22.946595616911.402.70E+031.14E+033.47-22.95
20.00112863.18-974.263024.3978342804-18.792001903711.302.86E+039.74E+023.48-18.79
15.79342986.47-805.6983093.2430114855-15.097971148411.202.99E+038.06E+023.49-15.10
12.50023069.63-658.3263139.4301169442-12.104538829711.103.07E+036.58E+023.50-12.10
9.99873123.19-536.2923168.8996332109-9.743403329211.003.12E+035.36E+023.50-9.74
7.893893159.96-428.7353188.9121815793-7.726559017810.903.16E+034.29E+023.50-7.73
6.316233182.48-344.913201.1157208854-6.185445132610.803.18E+033.45E+023.51-6.19
4.997483198.12-274.5183209.8803196886-4.906089426110.703.20E+032.75E+023.51-4.91
3.973023206.37-219.0753213.845427603-3.908655320910.603.21E+032.19E+023.51-3.91
3.157183212.04-175.3313216.8217111244-3.124421475910.503.21E+031.75E+023.51-3.12
2.510853215.93-138.9893218.9320755525-2.474721273810.403.22E+031.39E+023.51-2.47
1.994893218.03-112.1073219.9821521786-1.995214887510.303.22E+031.12E+023.51-2.00
1.583253220.5-88.66493221.7203035788-1.577035119610.203.22E+038.87E+013.51-1.58
1.257293221.05-71.06623221.8338733216-1.263914820310.103.22E+037.11E+013.51-1.26
1.000063217.46-56.09343217.9489307824-0.998797038210.003.22E+035.61E+013.51-1.00
0.7945993217.62-45.2683217.9384170963-0.80602875581-0.103.22E+034.53E+013.51-0.81
0.6310583218.34-35.34913218.5341251058-0.62929112491-0.203.22E+033.53E+013.51-0.63
0.5011873219.14-28.91513219.2698586183-0.51463081491-0.303.22E+032.89E+013.51-0.51
0.3982723218.14-22.85143218.2211306997-0.40683959411-0.403.22E+032.29E+013.51-0.41
0.3162963219.25-18.29473219.3019831243-0.32560311051-0.503.22E+031.83E+013.51-0.33
0.2512063218-13.47993218.0282328942-0.24000523961-0.603.22E+031.35E+013.51-0.24
0.1994613219.26-11.63633219.2810301491-0.20709976071-0.703.22E+031.16E+013.51-0.21
0.1585263217.97-9.395983217.9837173827-0.16729443361-0.803.22E+039.40E+003.51-0.17
0.1258723218.18-6.954173218.1875136294-0.12381034341-0.903.22E+036.95E+003.51-0.12
0.0999943217.38-6.493023217.3865518008-0.11562890841-1.003.22E+036.49E+003.51-0.12
0.0794493217.88-3.846543217.8822990082-0.06848931681-1.103.22E+033.85E+003.51-0.07
0.0631033217.83-3.955653217.8324313219-0.07043316031-1.203.22E+033.96E+003.51-0.07
0.0501343216.94-2.613253216.941061424-0.04654366041-1.303.22E+032.61E+003.51-0.05
0.0398093219.72-2.873763219.7212824865-0.05113931511-1.403.22E+032.87E+003.51-0.05
0.0316263218.1-2.608923218.1010575281-0.0464497911-1.503.22E+032.61E+003.51-0.05
0.0251163219.33-0.8284923219.3301066059-0.01474502271-1.603.22E+038.28E-013.51-0.01
0.0199543219.96-1.529853219.960363427-0.02722205921-1.703.22E+031.53E+003.51-0.03
0.0158533218.91-0.989633218.9101521272-0.01761516181-1.803.22E+039.90E-013.51-0.02
0.0125933217.99-1.060473217.9901747359-0.01888149221-1.903.22E+031.06E+003.51-0.02
0.0100013217.78-0.969163217.7801459502-0.01725685911-2.003.22E+039.69E-013.51-0.02
0.0079433218.450.3937673218.45002408810.00700995421-2.103.22E+03-3.94E-013.510.01
0.0063093216.06-1.625743216.0604109112-0.02896340011-2.203.22E+031.63E+003.51-0.03
0.0050123217.62-2.130783217.620705525-0.03794254241-2.303.22E+032.13E+003.51-0.04
0.0039823216.57-0.7117053216.5700787367-0.01267738371-2.403.22E+037.12E-013.51-0.01
Pstat: pc4Start Frequency: 100000 HzEnd Frequency: 0.001 HzEOC: 0.000048359 VDC Pot.: 0 VAC Pot.: 10 mV(rms)Area: 1 cm2Electrode: 7.87 gm/cm3, 27.92 g/equivConditioning: OFFDelay: ON, s
Notes:
Results:
EISCURVE
&F
Page &P
Potentiostatic EIS 'Copeland_EIS_Dummy.DTA' 12/9/1999-10:41:55
&F
Page &P
#REF!
&F
Page &P
#REF!
Log Freq (Hz)
Log Modulus (Ohm)
Phase (Degree)
197.8375.00003039958.189465.0000303995
198.0114.90000424567.40734.9000042456
198.3134.80006721217.056424.8000672121
198.684.7000431226.995864.700043122
198.9794.60000526847.195064.6000052684
199.2414.50015548327.722584.5001554832
199.3524.40008359898.582664.4000835989
199.6564.300038673710.01524.3000386737
199.74.200108720111.88484.2001087201
199.7864.099929132814.35514.0999291328
199.8373.9999218217.41893.99992182
199.9083.899962691421.67893.8999626914
200.1233.800105061727.04743.8001050617
200.2863.699940002733.77213.6999400027
200.4713.599984541142.13073.5999845411
200.6183.50005387952.92813.500053879
201.5213.399874384966.39713.3998743849
202.5183.300023438483.28373.3000234384
203.7513.1998895026104.8143.1998895026
206.1283.100039528131.5713.100039528
209.4222.9999782847165.3162.9999782847
214.9552.8999096494207.5262.8999096494
223.4262.8000183469260.2722.8000183469
236.7232.7001003036326.0842.7001003036
257.1862.6001110714407.6392.6001110714
289.3672.4998423564508.1282.4998423564
338.6272.3999937011628.5162.3999937011
413.4592.2999320153770.7042.2999320153
523.7022.2001196781931.2892.2001196781
681.9912.10006367321103.442.1000636732
897.9892.00003908471270.192.0000390847
1173.91.89986589861408.91.8998658986
1496.211.80000939911492.721.8000093991
1844.91.69904209121501.931.6990420912
2166.951.6021240451437.761.602124045
2463.891.4994024991307.591.499402499
2697.31.39778537231141.971.3977853723
2863.181.3010538812974.261.3010538812
2986.471.1984756349805.6981.1984756349
3069.631.0969169617658.3261.0969169617
3123.190.999943538536.2920.999943538
3159.960.8972910703428.7350.8972910703
3182.480.8004579361344.910.8004579361
3198.120.6987510647274.5180.6987510647
3206.370.5991207513219.0750.5991207513
3212.040.499299343175.3310.499299343
3215.930.3998207684138.9890.3998207684
3218.030.2999189533112.1070.2999189533
3220.50.199549496788.66490.1995494967
3221.050.099435461471.06620.0994354614
3217.460.000026056956.09340.0000260569
3217.62-0.099851985845.268-0.0998519858
3218.34-0.199930723335.3491-0.1999307233
3219.14-0.300000202428.9151-0.3000002024
3218.14-0.39982022522.8514-0.399820225
3219.25-0.499906300318.2947-0.4999063003
3218-0.599969991813.4799-0.5999699918
3219.26-0.700142007911.6363-0.7001420079
3217.97-0.79989949869.39598-0.7998994986
3218.18-0.90007086726.95417-0.9000708672
3217.38-1.00002605856.49302-1.0000260585
3217.88-1.09991156483.84654-1.0999115648
3217.83-1.19994999333.95565-1.1999499933
3216.94-1.29986764332.61325-1.2998676433
3219.72-1.40001873172.87376-1.4000187317
3218.1-1.49995573342.60892-1.4999557334
3219.33-1.60004952560.828492-1.6000495256
3219.96-1.69997003211.52985-1.6999700321
3218.91-1.79988854040.98963-1.7998885404
3217.99-1.89987079661.06047-1.8998707966
3217.78-1.99995657270.96916-1.9999565727
3218.45-2.1000154375-0.393767-2.1000154375
3216.06-2.20003947261.62574-2.2000394726
3217.62-2.29998893772.13078-2.2999889377
3216.57-2.39989874430.711705-2.3998987443
Log Freq (Hz)
Real (Ohm)
-Imag (Ohm)
Potentiostatic EIS 'Copeland_EIS_Dummy.DTA' 12/9/1999-10:41:55
Real (Ohm)
-Imag (Ohm)
Chart3
8.18946
7.4073
7.05642
6.99586
7.19506
7.72258
8.58266
10.0152
11.8848
14.3551
17.4189
21.6789
27.0474
33.7721
42.1307
52.9281
66.3971
83.2837
104.814
131.571
165.316
207.526
260.272
326.084
407.639
508.128
628.516
770.704
931.289
1103.44
1270.19
1408.9
1492.72
1501.93
1437.76
1307.59
1141.97
974.26
805.698
658.326
536.292
428.735
344.91
274.518
219.075
175.331
138.989
112.107
88.6649
71.0662
56.0934
45.268
35.3491
28.9151
22.8514
18.2947
13.4799
11.6363
9.39598
6.95417
6.49302
3.84654
3.95565
2.61325
2.87376
2.60892
0.828492
1.52985
0.98963
1.06047
0.96916
-0.393767
1.62574
2.13078
0.711705
Real (Ohm)
-Imag (Ohm)
EISCURVE
DataFileName'Copeland_EIS_Dummy.DTA'
PointCount75
TitlePotentiostatic EIS
Date12/9/1999
Time10:41:55
ChartTitlePotentiostatic EIS 'Copeland_EIS_Dummy.DTA' 12/9/1999-10:41:55
Model.Name
Model.ParamCount
Model.Labels
Model.Params1.000E+001.000E+001.000E+001.000E+001.000E+001.000E+001.000E+001.000E+001.000E+001.000E+001.000E+001.000E+001.000E+001.000E+001.000E+001.000E+001.000E+001.000E+001.000E+001.000E+00
Model.Error
Model.Lock
NumberOfIterations30
AnalCurveFlag
PlotType3
PlotImmittance1
YLog
AspectRatio
Disp1.ChartNameChart 9
Disp1.EnablePointsFlag
Disp1.AxisRange-362.23.6-7010
Disp1.FitAxisRange
Disp1.LabelsLog Freq (Hz)Log Modulus (Ohm)Phase (Degree)
Disp1.MatchToListModulusPhase
Disp2.ChartNameChart 10
Disp2.EnablePointsFlag
Disp2.AxisRange-3603500-2001600
Disp2.FitAxisRange
Disp2.LabelsLog Freq (Hz)Real (Ohm)-Imag (Ohm)
Disp2.MatchToListRealImaginary
Disp3.ChartNameChart 11
Disp3.EnablePointsFlag
Disp3.AxisRange03500-2002569.5099818512
Disp3.FitAxisRange
Disp3.LabelsReal (Ohm)-Imag (Ohm)
Disp3.MatchToListNyquist
Curve.FreqCurve.RealCurve.ImagCurve.ModCurve.PhzCurve.SigmaFitCurve.RealFitCurve.ImagFitCurve.ModFitCurve.PhzDisp.Freq.DataDisp.Real.DataDisp.Imag.DataDisp.Mod.DataDisp.Phz.DataDisp.Sigma.DataAnal.Real.DataAnal.Imag.DataAnal.Mod.DataAnal.Phz.DataDisplay1.PointStatusDisplay2.PointStatusDisplay3.PointStatusPtTog
DataTable100007197.837-8.18946198.0064287444-2.370404722115.001.98E+028.19E+002.30-2.37
79433.6198.011-7.4073198.1494996569-2.142351799714.901.98E+027.41E+002.30-2.14
63105.5198.313-7.05642198.4385018897-2.037852209414.801.98E+027.06E+002.30-2.04
50123.7198.68-6.99586198.8031298977-2.016648458214.701.99E+027.00E+002.30-2.02
39811.2198.979-7.19506199.1090438162-2.070907161814.601.99E+027.20E+002.30-2.07
31634.1199.241-7.72258199.3906074088-2.219672959614.501.99E+027.72E+002.30-2.22
25123.7199.352-8.58266199.5366682008-2.465220844314.401.99E+028.58E+002.30-2.47
19954.4199.656-10.0152199.9070348113-2.871679872814.302.00E+021.00E+012.30-2.87
15852.9199.7-11.8848200.053339065-3.40584201114.202.00E+021.19E+012.30-3.41
12587.2199.786-14.3551200.301060137-4.10977534914.102.00E+021.44E+012.30-4.11
9998.2199.837-17.4189200.5947273639-4.981626497714.002.00E+021.74E+012.30-4.98
7942.6199.908-21.6789201.0800416979-6.189219041713.902.00E+022.17E+012.30-6.19
6311.1200.123-27.0474201.9425090855-7.697106480313.802.00E+022.70E+012.31-7.70
5011.18200.286-33.7721203.113358828-9.57114568813.702.00E+023.38E+012.31-9.57
3980.93200.471-42.1307204.8502324223-11.868480851913.602.00E+024.21E+012.31-11.87
3162.67200.618-52.9281207.482446712-14.779318733913.502.01E+025.29E+012.32-14.78
2511.16201.521-66.3971212.1774925137-18.236007870813.402.02E+026.64E+012.33-18.24
1995.37202.518-83.2837218.9742336662-22.354473016813.302.03E+028.33E+012.34-22.35
1584.49203.751-104.814229.1297549359-27.222287193413.202.04E+021.05E+022.36-27.22
1259.04206.128-131.571244.5397317922-32.54999088613.102.06E+021.32E+022.39-32.55
999.95209.422-165.316266.8088340741-38.287271239313.002.09E+021.65E+022.43-38.29
794.163214.955-207.526298.7853622603-43.992602074212.902.15E+022.08E+022.48-43.99
630.984223.426-260.272343.0170425212-49.356129304412.802.23E+022.60E+022.54-49.36
501.303236.723-326.084402.9498154671-54.021959423112.702.37E+023.26E+022.61-54.02
398.209257.186-407.639481.98982657-57.751513508312.602.57E+024.08E+022.68-57.75
316.113289.367-508.128584.7455216357-60.339500034112.502.89E+025.08E+022.77-60.34
251.185338.627-628.516713.9331953236-61.685443584812.403.39E+026.29E+022.85-61.69
199.495413.459-770.704874.6044822072-61.787809851412.304.13E+027.71E+022.94-61.79
158.533523.702-931.2891068.4395099045-60.649166723512.205.24E+029.31E+023.03-60.65
125.911681.991-1103.441297.1860150653-58.28148950612.106.82E+021.10E+033.11-58.28
100.009897.989-1270.191555.5599892711-54.74075182912.008.98E+021.27E+033.19-54.74
79.40831173.9-1408.91833.8594329992-50.198829228711.901.17E+031.41E+033.26-50.20
63.09711496.21-1492.722113.4941122464-44.933099075711.801.50E+031.49E+033.33-44.93
50.00831844.9-1501.932378.9598010265-39.148977599111.701.84E+031.50E+033.38-39.15
40.00592166.95-1437.762600.5434278435-33.56406598511.602.17E+031.44E+033.42-33.56
31.57932463.89-1307.592789.3629273008-27.954957160211.502.46E+031.31E+033.45-27.95
24.99112697.3-1141.972929.0822403784-22.946595616911.402.70E+031.14E+033.47-22.95
20.00112863.18-974.263024.3978342804-18.792001903711.302.86E+039.74E+023.48-18.79
15.79342986.47-805.6983093.2430114855-15.097971148411.202.99E+038.06E+023.49-15.10
12.50023069.63-658.3263139.4301169442-12.104538829711.103.07E+036.58E+023.50-12.10
9.99873123.19-536.2923168.8996332109-9.743403329211.003.12E+035.36E+023.50-9.74
7.893893159.96-428.7353188.9121815793-7.726559017810.903.16E+034.29E+023.50-7.73
6.316233182.48-344.913201.1157208854-6.185445132610.803.18E+033.45E+023.51-6.19
4.997483198.12-274.5183209.8803196886-4.906089426110.703.20E+032.75E+023.51-4.91
3.973023206.37-219.0753213.845427603-3.908655320910.603.21E+032.19E+023.51-3.91
3.157183212.04-175.3313216.8217111244-3.124421475910.503.21E+031.75E+023.51-3.12
2.510853215.93-138.9893218.9320755525-2.474721273810.403.22E+031.39E+023.51-2.47
1.994893218.03-112.1073219.9821521786-1.995214887510.303.22E+031.12E+023.51-2.00
1.583253220.5-88.66493221.7203035788-1.577035119610.203.22E+038.87E+013.51-1.58
1.257293221.05-71.06623221.8338733216-1.263914820310.103.22E+037.11E+013.51-1.26
1.000063217.46-56.09343217.9489307824-0.998797038210.003.22E+035.61E+013.51-1.00
0.7945993217.62-45.2683217.9384170963-0.80602875581-0.103.22E+034.53E+013.51-0.81
0.6310583218.34-35.34913218.5341251058-0.62929112491-0.203.22E+033.53E+013.51-0.63
0.5011873219.14-28.91513219.2698586183-0.51463081491-0.303.22E+032.89E+013.51-0.51
0.3982723218.14-22.85143218.2211306997-0.40683959411-0.403.22E+032.29E+013.51-0.41
0.3162963219.25-18.29473219.3019831243-0.32560311051-0.503.22E+031.83E+013.51-0.33
0.2512063218-13.47993218.0282328942-0.24000523961-0.603.22E+031.35E+013.51-0.24
0.1994613219.26-11.63633219.2810301491-0.20709976071-0.703.22E+031.16E+013.51-0.21
0.1585263217.97-9.395983217.9837173827-0.16729443361-0.803.22E+039.40E+003.51-0.17
0.1258723218.18-6.954173218.1875136294-0.12381034341-0.903.22E+036.95E+003.51-0.12
0.0999943217.38-6.493023217.3865518008-0.11562890841-1.003.22E+036.49E+003.51-0.12
0.0794493217.88-3.846543217.8822990082-0.06848931681-1.103.22E+033.85E+003.51-0.07
0.0631033217.83-3.955653217.8324313219-0.07043316031-1.203.22E+033.96E+003.51-0.07
0.0501343216.94-2.613253216.941061424-0.04654366041-1.303.22E+032.61E+003.51-0.05
0.0398093219.72-2.873763219.7212824865-0.05113931511-1.403.22E+032.87E+003.51-0.05
0.0316263218.1-2.608923218.1010575281-0.0464497911-1.503.22E+032.61E+003.51-0.05
0.0251163219.33-0.8284923219.3301066059-0.01474502271-1.603.22E+038.28E-013.51-0.01
0.0199543219.96-1.529853219.960363427-0.02722205921-1.703.22E+031.53E+003.51-0.03
0.0158533218.91-0.989633218.9101521272-0.01761516181-1.803.22E+039.90E-013.51-0.02
0.0125933217.99-1.060473217.9901747359-0.01888149221-1.903.22E+031.06E+003.51-0.02
0.0100013217.78-0.969163217.7801459502-0.01725685911-2.003.22E+039.69E-013.51-0.02
0.0079433218.450.3937673218.45002408810.00700995421-2.103.22E+03-3.94E-013.510.01
0.0063093216.06-1.625743216.0604109112-0.02896340011-2.203.22E+031.63E+003.51-0.03
0.0050123217.62-2.130783217.620705525-0.03794254241-2.303.22E+032.13E+003.51-0.04
0.0039823216.57-0.7117053216.5700787367-0.01267738371-2.403.22E+037.12E-013.51-0.01
Pstat: pc4Start Frequency: 100000 HzEnd Frequency: 0.001 HzEOC: 0.000048359 VDC Pot.: 0 VAC Pot.: 10 mV(rms)Area: 1 cm2Electrode: 7.87 gm/cm3, 27.92 g/equivConditioning: OFFDelay: ON, s
Notes:
Results:
EISCURVE
&F
Page &P
Potentiostatic EIS 'Copeland_EIS_Dummy.DTA' 12/9/1999-10:41:55
&F
Page &P
#REF!
&F
Page &P
#REF!
2.29667929095.0000303995-2.37040472215.0000303995
2.296992984.9000042456-2.14235179974.9000042456
2.29762593974.8000672121-2.03785220944.8000672121
2.29842321754.700043122-2.01664845824.700043122
2.29909098674.6000052684-2.07090716184.6000052684
2.29970469644.5001554832-2.21967295964.5001554832
2.30002271624.4000835989-2.46522084434.4000835989
2.30082807744.3000386737-2.87167987284.3000386737
2.30114580454.2001087201-3.4058420114.2001087201
2.30168324794.0999291328-4.1097753494.0999291328
2.30231951343.99992182-4.98162649773.99992182
2.30336896663.8999626914-6.18921904173.8999626914
2.3052277483.8001050617-7.69710648033.8001050617
2.3077384883.6999400027-9.5711456883.6999400027
2.3114364613.5999845411-11.86848085193.5999845411
2.31698136073.500053879-14.77931873393.500053879
2.32669931273.3998743849-18.23600787083.3998743849
2.34039301513.3000234384-22.35447301683.3000234384
2.36008149063.1998895026-27.22228719343.1998895026
2.38834943153.100039528-32.5499908863.100039528
2.4262002052.9999782847-38.28727123932.9999782847
2.47535931722.8999096494-43.99260207422.8999096494
2.53531569812.8000183469-49.35612930442.8000183469
2.60525096122.7001003036-54.02195942312.7001003036
2.68303787162.6001110714-57.75151350832.6001110714
2.76696690442.4998423564-60.33950003412.4998423564
2.85365757562.3999937011-61.68544358482.3999937011
2.94181169872.2999320153-61.78780985142.2999320153
3.02874993952.2001196781-60.64916672352.2001196781
3.11300225792.1000636732-58.2814895062.1000636732
3.19188676412.0000390847-54.7407518292.0000390847
3.26336604351.8998658986-50.19882922871.8998658986
3.32500104231.8000093991-44.93309907571.8000093991
3.37638710351.6990420912-39.14897759911.6990420912
3.41506411071.602124045-33.5640659851.602124045
3.44550502451.499402499-27.95495716021.499402499
3.46673156561.3977853723-22.94659561691.3977853723
3.48063891841.3010538812-18.79200190371.3010538812
3.49041404041.1984756349-15.09797114841.1984756349
3.49685082021.0969169617-12.10453882971.0969169617
3.50090848420.999943538-9.74340332920.999943538
3.50364255950.8972910703-7.72655901780.8972910703
3.50530137420.8004579361-6.18544513260.8004579361
3.506488840.6987510647-4.90608942610.6987510647
3.50702498520.5991207513-3.90865532090.5991207513
3.50742699130.499299343-3.12442147590.499299343
3.50771181250.3998207684-2.47472127380.3998207684
3.50785346450.2999189533-1.99521488750.2999189533
3.50808783410.1995494967-1.57703511960.1995494967
3.50810314320.0994354614-1.26391482030.0994354614
3.50757914750.0000260569-0.99879703820.0000260569
3.5075777286-0.0998519858-0.8060287558-0.0998519858
3.5076581182-0.1999307233-0.6292911249-0.1999307233
3.5077573834-0.3000002024-0.5146308149-0.3000002024
3.5076158821-0.399820225-0.4068395941-0.399820225
3.5077617171-0.4999063003-0.3256031105-0.4999063003
3.50758985-0.5999699918-0.2400052396-0.5999699918
3.5077588905-0.7001420079-0.2070997607-0.7001420079
3.5075838423-0.7998994986-0.1672944336-0.7998994986
3.5076113455-0.9000708672-0.1238103434-0.9000708672
3.5075032422-1.0000260585-0.1156289084-1.0000260585
3.5075701548-1.0999115648-0.0684893168-1.0999115648
3.5075634245-1.1999499933-0.0704331603-1.1999499933
3.5074431041-1.2998676433-0.0465436604-1.2998676433
3.5078182783-1.4000187317-0.0511393151-1.4000187317
3.5075996781-1.4999557334-0.046449791-1.4999557334
3.5077655111-1.6000495256-0.0147450227-1.6000495256
3.5078505257-1.6999700321-0.0272220592-1.6999700321
3.5077088546-1.7998885404-0.0176151618-1.7998885404
3.5075847138-1.8998707966-0.0188814922-1.8998707966
3.5075563677-1.9999565727-0.0172568591-1.9999565727
3.5076467698-2.10001543750.0070099542-2.1000154375
3.507324198-2.2000394726-0.0289634001-2.2000394726
3.507534848-2.2999889377-0.0379425424-2.2999889377
3.5073930177-2.3998987443-0.0126773837-2.3998987443
Log Freq (Hz)
Log Modulus (Ohm)
Phase (Degree)
Potentiostatic EIS 'Copeland_EIS_Dummy.DTA' 12/9/1999-10:41:55
197.8375.00003039958.189465.0000303995
198.0114.90000424567.40734.9000042456
198.3134.80006721217.056424.8000672121
198.684.7000431226.995864.700043122
198.9794.60000526847.195064.6000052684
199.2414.50015548327.722584.5001554832
199.3524.40008359898.582664.4000835989
199.6564.300038673710.01524.3000386737
199.74.200108720111.88484.2001087201
199.7864.099929132814.35514.0999291328
199.8373.9999218217.41893.99992182
199.9083.899962691421.67893.8999626914
200.1233.800105061727.04743.8001050617
200.2863.699940002733.77213.6999400027
200.4713.599984541142.13073.5999845411
200.6183.50005387952.92813.500053879
201.5213.399874384966.39713.3998743849
202.5183.300023438483.28373.3000234384
203.7513.1998895026104.8143.1998895026
206.1283.100039528131.5713.100039528
209.4222.9999782847165.3162.9999782847
214.9552.8999096494207.5262.8999096494
223.4262.8000183469260.2722.8000183469
236.7232.7001003036326.0842.7001003036
257.1862.6001110714407.6392.6001110714
289.3672.4998423564508.1282.4998423564
338.6272.3999937011628.5162.3999937011
413.4592.2999320153770.7042.2999320153
523.7022.2001196781931.2892.2001196781
681.9912.10006367321103.442.1000636732
897.9892.00003908471270.192.0000390847
1173.91.89986589861408.91.8998658986
1496.211.80000939911492.721.8000093991
1844.91.69904209121501.931.6990420912
2166.951.6021240451437.761.602124045
2463.891.4994024991307.591.499402499
2697.31.39778537231141.971.3977853723
2863.181.3010538812974.261.3010538812
2986.471.1984756349805.6981.1984756349
3069.631.0969169617658.3261.0969169617
3123.190.999943538536.2920.999943538
3159.960.8972910703428.7350.8972910703
3182.480.8004579361344.910.8004579361
3198.120.6987510647274.5180.6987510647
3206.370.5991207513219.0750.5991207513
3212.040.499299343175.3310.499299343
3215.930.3998207684138.9890.3998207684
3218.030.2999189533112.1070.2999189533
3220.50.199549496788.66490.1995494967
3221.050.099435461471.06620.0994354614
3217.460.000026056956.09340.0000260569
3217.62-0.099851985845.268-0.0998519858
3218.34-0.199930723335.3491-0.1999307233
3219.14-0.300000202428.9151-0.3000002024
3218.14-0.39982022522.8514-0.399820225
3219.25-0.499906300318.2947-0.4999063003
3218-0.599969991813.4799-0.5999699918
3219.26-0.700142007911.6363-0.7001420079
3217.97-0.79989949869.39598-0.7998994986
3218.18-0.90007086726.95417-0.9000708672
3217.38-1.00002605856.49302-1.0000260585
3217.88-1.09991156483.84654-1.0999115648
3217.83-1.19994999333.95565-1.1999499933
3216.94-1.29986764332.61325-1.2998676433
3219.72-1.40001873172.87376-1.4000187317
3218.1-1.49995573342.60892-1.4999557334
3219.33-1.60004952560.828492-1.6000495256
3219.96-1.69997003211.52985-1.6999700321
3218.91-1.79988854040.98963-1.7998885404
3217.99-1.89987079661.06047-1.8998707966
3217.78-1.99995657270.96916-1.9999565727
3218.45-2.1000154375-0.393767-2.1000154375
3216.06-2.20003947261.62574-2.2000394726
3217.62-2.29998893772.13078-2.2999889377
3216.57-2.39989874430.711705-2.3998987443
Log Freq (Hz)
Real (Ohm)
-Imag (Ohm)
Potentiostatic EIS 'Copeland_EIS_Dummy.DTA' 12/9/1999-10:41:55
Real (Ohm)
-Imag (Ohm)
-
Bode PlotIndividual charge transfer processes are resolvable.Frequency is explicit.
Small impedances in presence of large impedances can be identified easily.Nyquist PlotIndividual charge transfer processes are resolvable.Frequency is not obvious.Small impedances can be swamped by large impedances.
Nyquist vs. Bode Plot
-
Analyzing EIS: ModelingElectrochemical cells can be modeled as a network of passive electrical circuit elements.A network is called an equivalent circuit.The EIS response of an equivalent circuit can be calculated and compared to the actual EIS response of the electrochemical cell.
-
Frequency Response of Electrical Circuit ElementsResistor Capacitor Inductor Z = R (Ohms) Z = -j/C (Farads) Z = jL (Henrys) 0 Phase Shift -90 Phase Shift 90 Phase Shift
j = -1 = 2f radians/s, f = frequency (Hz or cycles/s)A real response is in-phase (0) with the excitation. An imaginary response is 90 out-of-phase.
-
EIS of a Resistor
Graph
00
0.01745240640.0139619251
0.03489949670.0279195974
0.05233595620.041868765
0.06975647370.055805179
0.08715574270.0697245942
0.10452846330.0836227706
0.12186934340.0974954747
0.1391731010.1113384808
0.1564344650.125147572
0.17364817770.1389185421
0.19080899540.1526471963
0.20791169080.1663293527
0.22495105430.1799608435
0.24192189560.1935375165
0.25881904510.2070552361
0.27563735580.2205098847
0.29237170470.2338973638
0.30901699440.2472135955
0.32556815450.2604545236
0.34202014330.2736161147
0.35836794950.2866943596
0.37460659340.2996852747
0.39073112850.3125849028
0.40673664310.3253893145
0.42261826170.3380946094
0.43837114680.3506969174
0.45399049970.3631923998
0.46947156280.3755772502
0.48480962020.3878476962
0.50.4
0.51503807490.4120304599
0.52991926420.4239354114
0.5446390350.435711228
0.55919290350.4473543228
0.57357643640.4588611491
0.58778525230.4702282018
0.60181502320.4814520185
0.61566147530.4925291803
0.6293203910.5034563128
0.64278760970.5142300877
0.6560590290.5248472232
0.66913060640.5353044851
0.68199836010.545598688
0.69465837050.5557266964
0.70710678120.5656854249
0.71933980030.5754718403
0.73135370160.5850829613
0.74314482550.5945158604
0.75470958020.6037676642
0.76604444310.6128355545
0.77714596150.6217167692
0.78801075360.6304086029
0.798635510.638908408
0.80901699440.6472135955
0.81915204430.6553216354
0.82903757260.663230058
0.83867056790.6709364544
0.84804809620.6784384769
0.85716730070.6857338406
0.86602540380.692820323
0.87461970710.6996957657
0.88294759290.7063580743
0.89100652420.7128052194
0.89879404630.719035237
0.9063077870.7250462296
0.91354545760.7308363661
0.92050485350.7364038828
0.92718385460.7417470837
0.93358042650.7468643412
0.93969262080.7517540966
0.94551857560.7564148605
0.95105651630.760845213
0.9563047560.7650438048
0.96126169590.7690093568
0.96592582630.772740661
0.97029572630.776236581
0.97437006480.7794960518
0.97814760070.7825180806
0.98162718340.7853017468
0.9848077530.7878462024
0.98768834060.7901506725
0.99026806870.792214455
0.99254615160.7940369213
0.99452189540.7956175163
0.99619469810.7969557585
0.99756405030.7980512402
0.99862953480.7989036278
0.9993908270.7995126616
0.99984769520.7998781561
10.8
0.99984769520.7998781561
0.9993908270.7995126616
0.99862953480.7989036278
0.99756405030.7980512402
0.99619469810.7969557585
0.99452189540.7956175163
0.99254615160.7940369213
0.99026806870.792214455
0.98768834060.7901506725
0.9848077530.7878462024
0.98162718340.7853017468
0.97814760070.7825180806
0.97437006480.7794960518
0.97029572630.776236581
0.96592582630.772740661
0.96126169590.7690093568
0.9563047560.7650438048
0.95105651630.760845213
0.94551857560.7564148605
0.93969262080.7517540966
0.93358042650.7468643412
0.92718385460.7417470837
0.92050485350.7364038828
0.91354545760.7308363661
0.9063077870.7250462296
0.89879404630.719035237
0.89100652420.7128052194
0.88294759290.7063580743
0.87461970710.6996957657
0.86602540380.692820323
0.85716730070.6857338406
0.84804809620.6784384769
0.83867056790.6709364544
0.82903757260.663230058
0.81915204430.6553216354
0.80901699440.6472135955
0.798635510.638908408
0.78801075360.6304086029
0.77714596150.6217167692
0.76604444310.6128355545
0.75470958020.6037676642
0.74314482550.5945158604
0.73135370160.5850829613
0.71933980030.5754718403
0.70710678120.5656854249
0.69465837050.5557266964
0.68199836010.545598688
0.66913060640.5353044851
0.6560590290.5248472232
0.64278760970.5142300877
0.6293203910.5034563128
0.61566147530.4925291803
0.60181502320.4814520185
0.58778525230.4702282018
0.57357643640.4588611491
0.55919290350.4473543228
0.5446390350.435711228
0.52991926420.4239354114
0.51503807490.4120304599
0.50.4
0.48480962020.3878476962
0.46947156280.3755772502
0.45399049970.3631923998
0.43837114680.3506969174
0.42261826170.3380946094
0.40673664310.3253893145
0.39073112850.3125849028
0.37460659340.2996852747
0.35836794950.2866943596
0.34202014330.2736161147
0.32556815450.2604545236
0.30901699440.2472135955
0.29237170470.2338973638
0.27563735580.2205098847
0.25881904510.2070552361
0.24192189560.1935375165
0.22495105430.1799608435
0.20791169080.1663293527
0.19080899540.1526471963
0.17364817770.1389185421
0.1564344650.125147572
0.1391731010.1113384808
0.12186934340.0974954747
0.10452846330.0836227706
0.08715574270.0697245942
0.06975647370.055805179
0.05233595620.041868765
0.03489949670.0279195974
0.01745240640.0139619251
00
-0.0174524064-0.0139619251
-0.0348994967-0.0279195974
-0.0523359562-0.041868765
-0.0697564737-0.055805179
-0.0871557427-0.0697245942
-0.1045284633-0.0836227706
-0.1218693434-0.0974954747
-0.139173101-0.1113384808
-0.156434465-0.125147572
-0.1736481777-0.1389185421
-0.1908089954-0.1526471963
-0.2079116908-0.1663293527
-0.2249510543-0.1799608435
-0.2419218956-0.1935375165
-0.2588190451-0.2070552361
-0.2756373558-0.2205098847
-0.2923717047-0.2338973638
-0.3090169944-0.2472135955
-0.3255681545-0.2604545236
-0.3420201433-0.2736161147
-0.3583679495-0.2866943596
-0.3746065934-0.2996852747
-0.3907311285-0.3125849028
-0.4067366431-0.3253893145
-0.4226182617-0.3380946094
-0.4383711468-0.3506969174
-0.4539904997-0.3631923998
-0.4694715628-0.3755772502
-0.4848096202-0.3878476962
-0.5-0.4
-0.5150380749-0.4120304599
-0.5299192642-0.4239354114
-0.544639035-0.435711228
-0.5591929035-0.4473543228
-0.5735764364-0.4588611491
-0.5877852523-0.4702282018
-0.6018150232-0.4814520185
-0.6156614753-0.4925291803
-0.629320391-0.5034563128
-0.6427876097-0.5142300877
-0.656059029-0.5248472232
-0.6691306064-0.5353044851
-0.6819983601-0.545598688
-0.6946583705-0.5557266964
-0.7071067812-0.5656854249
-0.7193398003-0.5754718403
-0.7313537016-0.5850829613
-0.7431448255-0.5945158604
-0.7547095802-0.6037676642
-0.7660444431-0.6128355545
-0.7771459615-0.6217167692
-0.7880107536-0.6304086029
-0.79863551-0.638908408
-0.8090169944-0.6472135955
-0.8191520443-0.6553216354
-0.8290375726-0.663230058
-0.8386705679-0.6709364544
-0.8480480962-0.6784384769
-0.8571673007-0.6857338406
-0.8660254038-0.692820323
-0.8746197071-0.6996957657
-0.8829475929-0.7063580743
-0.8910065242-0.7128052194
-0.8987940463-0.719035237
-0.906307787-0.7250462296
-0.9135454576-0.7308363661
-0.9205048535-0.7364038828
-0.9271838546-0.7417470837
-0.9335804265-0.7468643412
-0.9396926208-0.7517540966
-0.9455185756-0.7564148605
-0.9510565163-0.760845213
-0.956304756-0.7650438048
-0.9612616959-0.7690093568
-0.9659258263-0.772740661
-0.9702957263-0.776236581
-0.9743700648-0.7794960518
-0.9781476007-0.7825180806
-0.9816271834-0.7853017468
-0.984807753-0.7878462024
-0.9876883406-0.7901506725
-0.9902680687-0.792214455
-0.9925461516-0.7940369213
-0.99