CURRENT ELECTRICITY The energy of moving charges (flow of electrons)
Basics of Electricity. What is Electricity? Involves the movement of electrons Is invisible Provides...
-
Upload
johanna-mattox -
Category
Documents
-
view
231 -
download
0
Transcript of Basics of Electricity. What is Electricity? Involves the movement of electrons Is invisible Provides...
![Page 1: Basics of Electricity. What is Electricity? Involves the movement of electrons Is invisible Provides light, heat, sound, motion... Has been practical.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649ca35503460f94963b27/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Basics of Electricity
![Page 2: Basics of Electricity. What is Electricity? Involves the movement of electrons Is invisible Provides light, heat, sound, motion... Has been practical.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649ca35503460f94963b27/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What is Electricity?
• Involves the movement of electrons• Is invisible• Provides light, heat, sound, motion . . .• Has been practical for use over the last 100 years
![Page 3: Basics of Electricity. What is Electricity? Involves the movement of electrons Is invisible Provides light, heat, sound, motion... Has been practical.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649ca35503460f94963b27/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
History2500 years ago, the Greeks rubbed amber with other materials.
They discovered that this process would attract feathers and other lightweight materials to the amber.
![Page 4: Basics of Electricity. What is Electricity? Involves the movement of electrons Is invisible Provides light, heat, sound, motion... Has been practical.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649ca35503460f94963b27/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
History
Ben Franklin suggested that . . .
. . .opposite charges attract
and like charges repel.
+ -
![Page 5: Basics of Electricity. What is Electricity? Involves the movement of electrons Is invisible Provides light, heat, sound, motion... Has been practical.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649ca35503460f94963b27/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
History
Ben Franklin suggested that . . .
. . .opposite charges attract
and like charges repel.
+ +
The Law of Charges explains why the electrons continue to be bonded to the nucleus.
![Page 6: Basics of Electricity. What is Electricity? Involves the movement of electrons Is invisible Provides light, heat, sound, motion... Has been practical.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649ca35503460f94963b27/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Electron Flow
An electron from one atom can knock out an electron from another atom.
![Page 7: Basics of Electricity. What is Electricity? Involves the movement of electrons Is invisible Provides light, heat, sound, motion... Has been practical.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649ca35503460f94963b27/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Electron Flow
Electricity is created as electrons collide and transfer from atom to atom.
Play Animation
![Page 8: Basics of Electricity. What is Electricity? Involves the movement of electrons Is invisible Provides light, heat, sound, motion... Has been practical.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649ca35503460f94963b27/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
What Makes Up Electricity?
Let’s compare it to something we know --- Water!
![Page 9: Basics of Electricity. What is Electricity? Involves the movement of electrons Is invisible Provides light, heat, sound, motion... Has been practical.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649ca35503460f94963b27/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Water Analogy
Tank = Battery
Pipe = Wiring
Faucet = Switch
Tank Faucet
Pipe
![Page 10: Basics of Electricity. What is Electricity? Involves the movement of electrons Is invisible Provides light, heat, sound, motion... Has been practical.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649ca35503460f94963b27/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Current
Current: The flow of electric charge
When the faucet (switch) is off, is there any flow (current)?
NO
When the faucet (switch) is on, is there any flow (current)?
YES
Tank (Battery) Faucet (Switch)
Pipe (Wiring)
![Page 11: Basics of Electricity. What is Electricity? Involves the movement of electrons Is invisible Provides light, heat, sound, motion... Has been practical.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649ca35503460f94963b27/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Current in a Circuit
When the switch is off, there is no current.
When the switch is on, there is current.
off onoff on
![Page 12: Basics of Electricity. What is Electricity? Involves the movement of electrons Is invisible Provides light, heat, sound, motion... Has been practical.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649ca35503460f94963b27/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Voltage
Voltage: The force (pressure) behind the flow of current
When the faucet (switch) is off, is there any pressure (voltage)?
YES – Pressure (voltage) is pushing against the pipe, tank, and the faucet.
When the faucet (switch) is on, is there any pressure (voltage)?
YES – Pressure (voltage) pushes flow (current) through the system.
Tank (Battery) Faucet (Switch)
Pipe (Wiring)
![Page 13: Basics of Electricity. What is Electricity? Involves the movement of electrons Is invisible Provides light, heat, sound, motion... Has been practical.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649ca35503460f94963b27/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Voltage in a Circuit
The battery provides voltage that will push current through the bulb when the switch is on.
off onoff on
![Page 14: Basics of Electricity. What is Electricity? Involves the movement of electrons Is invisible Provides light, heat, sound, motion... Has been practical.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649ca35503460f94963b27/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Resistance
Resistance: The opposition to the flow of current.
What happens to the flow (current) if a rock gets lodged in the pipe?
Flow (current) decreases.
Tank (Battery) Faucet (Switch)
Pipe (Wiring)
![Page 15: Basics of Electricity. What is Electricity? Involves the movement of electrons Is invisible Provides light, heat, sound, motion... Has been practical.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649ca35503460f94963b27/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Resistance in a Circuit
Resistors are components that limit the flow of electricity.
Reducing current causes the bulb to become more dim.
off on
Resistor
![Page 16: Basics of Electricity. What is Electricity? Involves the movement of electrons Is invisible Provides light, heat, sound, motion... Has been practical.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649ca35503460f94963b27/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Types of Electricity
(You might already know these!)
![Page 17: Basics of Electricity. What is Electricity? Involves the movement of electrons Is invisible Provides light, heat, sound, motion... Has been practical.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649ca35503460f94963b27/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Types of Electricity
Static ElectricityThe electrical charge an object develops as a result of having an unequal number of protons and electrons.
Current ElectricityThe movement of electrons through a conductor.
![Page 18: Basics of Electricity. What is Electricity? Involves the movement of electrons Is invisible Provides light, heat, sound, motion... Has been practical.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649ca35503460f94963b27/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Static Electricity
• Uncontrollable Electricity
• Lightening• Static Cling• Wool socks on a carpet
“shocks”
![Page 19: Basics of Electricity. What is Electricity? Involves the movement of electrons Is invisible Provides light, heat, sound, motion... Has been practical.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649ca35503460f94963b27/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Current Electricity
Two Types:
Alternating Current (AC)
Direct Current (DC)
![Page 20: Basics of Electricity. What is Electricity? Involves the movement of electrons Is invisible Provides light, heat, sound, motion... Has been practical.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649ca35503460f94963b27/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Direct Current
The electrons flow in the same direction all the time, from negative to positive.
- +
![Page 21: Basics of Electricity. What is Electricity? Involves the movement of electrons Is invisible Provides light, heat, sound, motion... Has been practical.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649ca35503460f94963b27/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Direct Current
Comes from• Batteries• Converted from Alternating Current
Used for electronic devices including• Computers• iPods• Cell phones• Anything that has a “charger”
![Page 22: Basics of Electricity. What is Electricity? Involves the movement of electrons Is invisible Provides light, heat, sound, motion... Has been practical.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649ca35503460f94963b27/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Alternating Current
The electrical current (movement of electrons) changes direction.
![Page 23: Basics of Electricity. What is Electricity? Involves the movement of electrons Is invisible Provides light, heat, sound, motion... Has been practical.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649ca35503460f94963b27/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Alternating Current
Comes from Generators• Coal burning and nuclear power plants• Hydroelectric power plants• Wind and solar generators
Used for• Motors• Heaters• Lights• Anything that plugs into the wall
![Page 24: Basics of Electricity. What is Electricity? Involves the movement of electrons Is invisible Provides light, heat, sound, motion... Has been practical.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649ca35503460f94963b27/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Image Resources
Microsoft, Inc. (2008). Clip Art. Retrieved September 10, 2008, from http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/clipart/default.aspx