Basics of EcologyBy, Steven Catalanotto

Matthew GranilloAnd Ethan Newell

Multicellular organisms Multicellular organisms meet their needs in

different ways such as……….HibernationMigrationTheir specific habitats

Hibernation Hibernation is a natural habit brought on by

instinct, a species of wild life which become dormant during seasonal changing from winter until spring.. Environmental changes sometimes have the same effects. This meets some multicellular organisms needs of survival……

Migration Migration is also a natural habit brought on

by instinct. This habit is most common is species of birds such as ducks and geese. Migration is when a specific type of species moves across the country to a more suitable location for survival

Habitats Every species of wildlife has a specific habitat take us

humans for example we make almost anywhere a suitable habitat to sustain or needs.

Other habitats would be,MarinegrasslandTropical ForestDesertForests WoodlandsTundra alpines

Plants are producers There are 300,000 species of plants on earth.

Plants are the only life forms that can produce there own food using energy from sunlight. Not to mention that they also produce food for herbivores.

Plants!Plants adapt to different environments in

multiple ways one would be the size and shape of there leaves, take pine trees for example, they have enormous trunks that stretch up to get the appropriate amount of sunlight.

Some plants instead of spreading pollen spread seeds which find soil and sprout into seedlings

Plants have a seasonal cycle, in fall the leaves fall and stay the same during winter until spring which they bloom and stay the same till next fall.

Animals Animals are consumers are any living

organism who can’t make their own food. Animals that eat plants or plant products are called primary consumers. Animals that eat primary consumers are called secondary consumers. The ones who eat secondary consumers are tertiary consumers. Consumers are name depending on what they eat.

Seasonal changes and interactionAnimals respond to seasonal change by

changing their fur/skin color, hibernating or migrating. Animals interact with their environment by eating the other animals/plants which keeps the population of certain species under control so that the population doesn’t over grow and harm the environment and so that the population doesn't decrease and harm the balance of the environment.

All organisms occupy a specific living area.There are five levels of the environmentFirst an organism which is an individual animal,

plant, or single-celled life form.Population which is the number of a specific life formNext is community which is a group of people living

together in one place.Also ecosystem which is a biological community of

interacting organisms and their physical environmentLastly biome which is a large naturally occurring

community of flora and fauna occupying a major habitat

Patterns within populationA population with unlimited resources, no

competition and no predation displays J-shaped population growth. Also known as exponential growth, the population growth begins slowly when there are few individuals and then rapidly increases at its intrinsic growth rate. The growth rate soon becomes nearly vertical. While this can happen after a population plunge due to fire or disease.

Organisms interact.Organisms (including humans) interact with each other

all the time, whether we know it or not. Most of the interactions between species involve food such as:

Competition: Two equal organisms fight/compete for the same food source

Predation: One carnivore attempts to feed on a weaker organism

Parasitism: A virus weakens a bigger animal and takes all the energy

Mutualism: Both organism get benefitedCommensalism: One organism is benefited other is

unaffected.

Change of PopulationPopulation change frequently, with people

having more children. By this factors and resources are becoming less common, by this constant change Animals are having a harder time surviving than when we had a significantly less humans and animals on Earth. Are limitations with nature such as less food, less area for other animals to live because of our growing civilization.

Change of EcosystemsThe change of ecosystem happens because us

humans populate most of the earth forcing animals into small areas in the globe, this affects the animals states because the prey (such as deer, rabbits, and elk) don’t have anywhere to escape from the predators trying to feed on them.

The Affect of ChangeThis breaks the balance and the normal

challenge of life. Also our uses of chemicals and man-made devices is affecting animal with pollution, like contaminated water sources and poisonous chemicals humans put on plants and weed to kill them. This causes endangerment and extinction.