Basics
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Transcript of Basics
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Basic Terminologies Basic Terminologies
Data StructuresData Structures
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Abstract Data Type (ADT)Abstract Data Type (ADT)• Mathematical description of an object with set of Mathematical description of an object with set of
operations on the object. Useful building block.operations on the object. Useful building block. AlgorithmAlgorithm
• A high level, language independent, description A high level, language independent, description of a step-by-step processof a step-by-step process
Data structureData structure• A specific family of algorithms for implementing A specific family of algorithms for implementing
an abstract data type.an abstract data type. Implementation of data structureImplementation of data structure
• A specific implementation in a specific languageA specific implementation in a specific language
TerminologyTerminology
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TerminologyTerminology DataData
Data refers to value or set of values. Data refers to value or set of values.
e.g.Marks obtained by the students.e.g.Marks obtained by the students. Data typeData type
data type is a classification identifying one of various data type is a classification identifying one of various typestypes
of data, such as floating-point, integer, or Boolean, that of data, such as floating-point, integer, or Boolean, that
determines the possible values for that type; the determines the possible values for that type; the operations operations
that can be done on values of that type; and the way that can be done on values of that type; and the way valuesvalues
of that type can be storedof that type can be stored
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TerminologyTerminology
Primitive data type:Primitive data type:
These are basic data types that are provided by theThese are basic data types that are provided by the
programming language with built-in support. These dataprogramming language with built-in support. These data
types are native to the language. This data type istypes are native to the language. This data type is
supported by machine directlysupported by machine directly
VariableVariable
Variable is a symbolic name given to some known or Variable is a symbolic name given to some known or
unknown quantity or information, for the purpose of unknown quantity or information, for the purpose of
allowing the name to be used independently of the allowing the name to be used independently of the
information it represents.information it represents.
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RecordRecord
Collection of related data items is known as record. The Collection of related data items is known as record. The
elements of records are usually Called fields or members elements of records are usually Called fields or members ..
Records are distinguished from arrays by the fact that Records are distinguished from arrays by the fact that
their number of fields is typically fixed, each field has a their number of fields is typically fixed, each field has a
name, and that each field may have a different type.name, and that each field may have a different type. ProgramProgram
A sequence of instructions that a computer can A sequence of instructions that a computer can
interpret and execute.interpret and execute.
TerminologyTerminology
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AA stack is an stack is an abstract data type abstract data type supporting push, pop supporting push, pop and isEmpty operationsand isEmpty operations
A stack A stack data structuredata structure could use an array, a linked list, could use an array, a linked list, or anything that can hold dataor anything that can hold data
One stack One stack implementationimplementation is java.util.Stack; another is is java.util.Stack; another is java.util.LinkedListjava.util.LinkedList
Terminology examplesTerminology examples
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AbstractAbstract PseudocodePseudocode AlgorithmAlgorithm
• A sequence of high-level, A sequence of high-level, language independent language independent operations, which may operations, which may act upon an abstracted act upon an abstracted view of data.view of data.
Abstract Data Type (ADT)Abstract Data Type (ADT)
• A mathematical A mathematical description of an object description of an object and the set of operations and the set of operations on the object.on the object.
AbstractAbstract PseudocodePseudocode AlgorithmAlgorithm
• A sequence of high-level, A sequence of high-level, language independent language independent operations, which may operations, which may act upon an abstracted act upon an abstracted view of data.view of data.
Abstract Data Type (ADT)Abstract Data Type (ADT)
• A mathematical A mathematical description of an object description of an object and the set of operations and the set of operations on the object.on the object.
ConceptsConcepts vs. vs. MechanismsMechanisms