Basicconcepts Ss

8/13/2019 Basicconcepts Ss

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BASIC CONCEPTS

OF SUBSTATION


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Power System

Elements of power system

Generating stations Transmission lines

Substations

Distribution system


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Parts of a substation

Switchyard

Control Room

DG sets Firefighting system

Station auxiliary supply

Air conditioning system


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Definition of Sub Station

It is the interface between theGenerators and Load.

It facilitates distribution of electricityproduced by the Generators to theConsumers.


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Indian ElectricityScenario

At the time of Independencethere was no electricity Grids.Generation capacity was

about 1300 MW.

contd.


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Now...

1,44,564.97 MW, comprising

Thermal : 92, 216.64 MW Hydro : 36, 033.76 MW

Nuclear : 4,120.00 MW

Renewable: 12,194.59 MW


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The Indian Electricity Grid is dividedinto five Regional Grids

Northern

Western

Southern

Eastern North Eastern


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Except Southern other four RegionalGrids are synchronously connected,operating at one frequency.

Southern Region is connected withEastern and Western Regionsthrough HVDC line.


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Target for generation capacity by2012 is 2,00,000 MW

Inter Regional transfer capacity40,000 MW


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Types of Sub Station

Step up substation

Primary Grid substation/ Switchings/s

Secondary substation

Distribution substation Bulk supply and Industrial

substation.


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Divisions in a substations

The nature of works in a substationmay be classified into followinggroups

Civil

Electrical Mechanical


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Civil works

Design & construction of equipmentfoundations

Cable trench Boundary wall & s/y fencing Leveling & Surface treatment Water supply & drainage Construction of Control Room Building,

Office, Residential quarters, Nonresidential building

Roads Horticulture works


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Electrical

Choice of bus bar arrangement, Single linediagram, GA etc

Preparation of layout plan, sectionaldrawings

Selection of equipments, busbars,structures, insulators etc

Protection scheme Earth mat Illumination system Station auxiliary power supply Communication system


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Mechanical

Drinking / fire water supply

Mobile crane

Oil filtration / oil handling plant Fire fighting equipment

Air conditioning system

Diesel generators.


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Elements of substation

Busbars

Transformers Reactors Circuit Breakers Isolators CT CVT LA Wave Trap C&R Panels

PLCC LTAC

contd.


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Battery & Battery Chargers

Earth mat Diesel Generators

Fire fighting system

Air conditioning system PLCC & communication system


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Switchyard

It houses the arrangement to carryout switching operations fortransmission feeders

All outdoor equipments are erectedin the switchyard

It is fenced with restricted entry forauthorized personnel only


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Control Room

It houses protection system,communication

system, DC sources & distributionsystems,

AC distribution system.


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Switchyard

Drawings

General arrangement

Single line diagram

Electrical lay out Electrical section

Earth mat drawing

Erection key diagram Civil drawings for construction

Equipment drawings

Control & schematic drawings


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DG sets & Fire Fighting System

These are housed normally inseparate buildings.

DG sets are required for emergency

power supply in the event of AC fail. Fire fighting system is required to

detect fire source & for control of

fire. All heavy oil equipments are

provided with automatic fire controlsystems.


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Protection

Choice of DC control voltage

Main-1 & Main-2 protection

Feeder protection Transformer & Rector protection

Substation protection


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Fire fighting system

Smoke detector

Emulsifier system

Fire alarm & annunciation


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Purpose of Maintenance

For trouble free service

To estimate rate of degradation

To achieve customer satisfaction


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Thank You

Basicconcepts Ss

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