Basic Verb Forms in Present Tense

8/9/2019 Basic Verb Forms in Present Tense

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iel awri x"c ly xeriyl xfr xneg

lrFR ip a nzi x a r A mii qi q A

Basic Verb Patterns

in Hebrew

iel awri xc ly xeriyl xfr xneg

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In English we have different types of present tense. They depend on

different conditions.

Simple present (or present simple) is used to describe actions which

are general, happen all the time, or happen or are true always.

Examples: I live in Israel"; I do not live in Chicago"; We learnHebrew in school"; We learn Hebrew every wednesday"; He does

not eat meat"; Do you play tennis?";Do you play everyday?"; etc.

The present continuous (also called the present progressive) tense is

used describe an action is happening at the time of speaking/writing

or temporary actions (the verb "to be" is used with the main verb. -

ing is added to the main verb), or the actions is going to happen in

the near future: or future actions that are planned (in this case theverb "going to" is used). Examples: I am reading a book"; He is

watching TV"; We are going to Minnesota next week"; They are

not doing their homework"; etc.

Present Perfect (also called the present perfect simple) tense is used to

describe an action that happened in the past, but has a connection to the

present. The exact time of the action is not known, or the action is not

completed at the time of speaking/ writing, the action has been repeated

numerous time, and is expected to be repeated in the future, etc.

Examples; I am not hungry;I have eaten at the school cafeteria"; I

have played tennis since 2003"; I have known him for a long time";

Have you been to Jerusalem?"; I have studied Hebrew for two year";

Have you learned Hebrew for a long time?";etc.

Present perfect continuous tense is used when the action started in the

past and continued at the time of speaking/writing, or just finished at the

time of speaking/writing; or the statement answers "how long" an actionhas been happening, or the action has happened continuously with

stopping. Examples: I have been waiting for you for two hours"; We

have been learning Hebrew since the age of five"; I have been living

here since I was born"; Have you been learning Hebrew for a long

time?; etc.

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To summarize, in English there are different present tense forms:

SimplePresent

PresentContinuous

PresentPerfect

PresentPerfect

Continuous

I study Hebrewevery day.

I am studyingHebrew now.

I have studiedHebrew in

severalschools.

I have beenstudying

Hebrew for fiveyears.

English uses the verb "have" as an auxiliary verb, as I do have

homework; They do not have to go; He does not have a new car;etc.

Hebrew does not use a verb here. Just skip it!

Hebrew has only ONE type of present tense, which replaces all four

English types!

How dose Hebrew indicate the circumstances for the English verbs as

described above? Hebrew adds indicators of time, for example eiW k r

(right now); meid(today); rEayd(this week); y cegd(this

month); o n fAor rb xA(at the moment/present); etc.

Unlike its future and past tenses, Every Hebrew verb conjugated in the

present tense has only four possible variations for any given verb, by

singular/plural/masculine/feminine.

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But before we go into the Hebrew verb we need to understand the

concept of WxFW- root.

All Hebrew verbs are based on basic consonants (or letters) whichcreate the pattern. Usually, the number of consonants is three, but they

can also be two or four, and very rare (with non-Hebrew words) five

letters.

The yxeyby itself has no meaning, and cannot be translated unless it isinserted into a specific pattern. When the verb moves from one pattern

to another it can change the meaning. For example:

a zM- write ai z k d- dictate; a zM z d- correspond.

There are different groups of roots, depending on their grammatical

behavior.

The ordinary roots, which have three letters that remain throuhout the

conjugation are called mi nl W- the strong or ordinary verb.

The roots with two consonants and a vowel between them (that remain

throughout the conjugation) are called e"r - Ayin-Vav or led i"r -Ayin-yod, depending on the vowel in the middle.

The roots with two consecutive consonants (that remain throuhout the

conjugation) and a vowel following them are called d"l- Lamed-Heor i"l- Lamed-Yod.

Also, there are different verb patterns which are called mipii p A. Wewill study verbs in one of them only, called lrR or l w.

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Here are a few examples:

The pattern of the mi nl Wis F for singular masculine. Setting thefollowing roots into the blue boxes create the following verbs:

azk cnl xbq xny ayg

MFa z lFc n qFxb yFxn gFay

You probably noticed that they all rhyme.

Let us emphasize again:Any singular masculine (I, you, he, it) has one verb form (for

all!)

Any singular feminine (I, you, she, it) has one verb form (for

all!)

Any plural masculine (we, you, they, these/those) has one

verb form (for all!)

Any plural feminine (we, you, they, these/those) has one verb

form (for all!).

mi nl W-The Strong Verb

o d ,o z ,Ep gp m d ,mz ,Ep gp` `i d , z ,ip` `Ed ,dz ,ip`

FzF F mi Fz FzFcnFl mi c nFl z c nFl c nFl

zFazFM mi a zFM za zFM a zFM

zecaer micaer zcaer caer

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i"r/e"r-in the Middlee (=i)The verb with

o d ,oz ,Ep gp m d ,mz ,Ep gp` `i d , z ,ip` `Ed ,dz ,ip`

zF mi d zFxW mi xW dxW xW

zexb mi xb dxb xb

zenw minw dnw mw

i"l/d"l-in the Endd (=i)The verb with


FzF Fmi Fd Fd

zFvFx mi vFx dvFx dvFxzFzFW mi zFW dzFW d zFW

zeUer miUer dUer dUer

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A few important things we need to remember:

The negation of the verb no/not) is through l, though in a

higher register (level) of Hebrew, a fancier one, it can be through

oi (or its conjugated forms).

a zFM ip`= I write or I am writing.a zFM `l ip`= I do not write or I am not writing.

The auxiliary verb do (when not used for action, such as I am

doing my homework) does not have an equivalent in Hebrew. In

other words, we skip it: What do you think? will be ?a yeg dz` dn.

Do you eat soup will be ?wxn lkF` dz`. I do eat soup will be

!wxn lkF` (oM) ip`. He does not go will be jlFd l `Ed.

Write the correct verb in each of the following boxes:

mi nl W-The Strong Verb


FzF F mi Fz F

ad` cnl azk xbq xn`

ip` cnel

m d mixne`

z zazek

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ad` cnl azk xbq xn`

ì d zxbeq

Epgp` miade`

Èd ade`

o z` zexne`

o d zecnel

dz` xbeq

mz` miazek

Write the correct verb in each of the following boxes:


zF mi d

ux mw xy à mU

ip` xy

m d miny

z dvx

ì d dà

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ux mw xy à mU

Epgp` minw

Èd mixy

o z` zeny

o d zenw

dz` zevx

mz` mià

i"l/d"l-in the Endd (=i)The verb with


FzF Fmi Fd Fddvx dpa dzy dpw d`x

ip` dpea

m d mipew

z dzeyì d dà

Epgp` mivex

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dvx dpa dzy dpw d`x

Èd dèx

o z` zezey

o d zeèx

dz` zevx

mz` mipea mià

A reminder:

Note: = l = d+l. in the = A = d+ A.

Match by dragging the pronouns from the right side to thematching sentence:

mixiy zade` èd

mihx q zeade` m d

dcilb ade` ìd

mixiy miade` o d

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Arrange the following words in the right order:

dpge izexl dxU zeazek azk n xwFAa ciec meid ux

meid dn dzika id zcnel daeh od dcilb zevex

caer zAya ip` l epgp` lecb ziia mipea

Translate the following:I (m.) want water. ________________________________________

I (f.) want good juice! _____________________________________

Deenah writes a letter. ____________________________________

Sarah is doing homework. _________________________________

Yitzchak sings well (good). ______________________________

Yehoshua wants a small house. _____________________________

Daniel and Rachel do not drink wine. ________________________

Yehudit goes with Irit to the (f.) teacher. ______________________

Sarah and Rachel write a letter to Aharon. _____________________

Brachah and Malkah go from the house to the classroom._______________________________________________________

We (m.) see a little house there. _____________________________

You (f.s.) go with Sarah. ___________________________________

Golda and Channah see a good (f.) movie.

_______________________________________________________

Aharon writes a letter in Hebrew. ____________________________

Rachel is a student here. ___________________________________

The woman buys wine in the store. __________________________

This man is a teacher. _____________________________________

Rivkah sees Daniel in the store. _____________________________

Sarah lives in Minnesota. __________________________________

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Deenah gets up, and Aharon doesnt get up.

_______________________________________________________

This is a big house. _______________________________________

This house is big. ________________________________________

The big house is there. ____________________________________

Shira lives in a big house. __________________________________

Michael lives in the small house. ____________________________

Deenah sees the a house of the good man.

_______________________________________________________

Yitzchak is a good singer. __________________________________

He sings a good song. _____________________________________We (f.) buy juice in the store. _______________________________

They build a small house. __________________________________

Aharon doesnt want wine, he wants juice.

_______________________________________________________

Daniel and Tovah sing a good song with Yitzchak.

_______________________________________________________

Zehavah writes a song in Hebrew. ___________________________

Daniel sings a song _______________________________________

Yehudit sings with Aharon in the classroom.

_______________________________________________________

Sarah comes to the classroom. ______________________________

Translate the following: .xiy dxy zixi r_____________________________________________________________________________

.dziMl jled rEyFdi_______________________________________________________________________

.dxi` nl az k n zazeM dpic_______________________________________________________________

. zixar micnel l ipce oexd ____________________________________________________________

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.uin dzey zicedi__________________________________________________________________________

.miin dzey `l dxU_______________________________________________________________________

.oehqFA A dxb `l l gx_____________________________________________________________________

.dzikl zekled dxUe zicEdi______________________________________________________________

.aeh oii dzey l ipc_______________________________________________________________________

.miaeh dl d mii nd_______________________________________________________________________

.ycg xiy dxy dpic________________________________________________________________________

.my lecb ziia mièx Epgp`_______________________________________________________________

?zEpga uin dpew i n________________________________________________________________________

.zil b p a xiy azek reyedi________________________________________________________________

?zepga oexd` dUer dn___________________________________________________________________.qilet pina dxen z`fd dyi`d_________________________________________________________

.dzikl mikled dl d micinlzd________________________________________________________

.miaeh micinl z dl ______________________________________________________________________

.zixara mixiy miazek m d_______________________________________________________________

.my dxb z fd zihp cEh qd_______________________________________________________________

.ziiaA uin zezey zixire dxi n_________________________________________________________

.lecb ziia mipea l ipce wgvi_____________________________________________________________

.my lecbd ziiad___________________________________________________________________________

.al M dèx oexd`___________________________________________________________________________

.zixir m r xiy dxy dxU__________________________________________________________________

?reyedi m r zepgl jled in________________________________________________________________

.lecb ziiade dph w zepgd_________________________________________________________________

?daeh zihp cEhq dxU_____________________________________________________________________

?wg vi m r dzikl à in____________________________________________________________________

.miin m r o ii dzey `l lìpc______________________________________________________________

!lecb xnf wgvi_____________________________________________________________________________

.zix a ra mixiy xy èd____________________________________________________________________

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?zicEdi dxb in m r_________________________________________________________________________

.zilbpà dfd xiyd________________________________________________________________________

.miti mixiy mixy micinlzd____________________________________________________________

.dlFcb zepg z`f____________________________________________________________________________

Fill in the blank (you may fill any meaningful word):

xnz____________________.xiy

wgvi____________________.miin

oexdè zicedi____________________.zixa r

dpic d n____________________?zepga

zEx____________________.z`fd dzika

wgvi____________________.uin

s qei____________________.ohw ziia

dxUe lìpc____________________.azkn

dMl ne dpic____________________.dzika car

in____________________?miindfd d xFnd____________________.lecb ziiaa

dfd yi`d____________________.

o d____________________.zixa r

zixir____________________.dzikl

dz` dn____________________?zepga

`l wgvi____________________.uin

Translate the Following:

x weaa h x q dèx `l dpic .1

xgE`n dnw dxy .2

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x wFA-zgEx` lke` `l wgvi .3

a xr-zgex` zlke` zicEdi .4

zixar xeriyl ux ipc .5

a xra zix a r micnel epgp` .6

dzikl mikled l`ipce wgvi .7

meid caer oexd` .8

zixara zayeg d l .9

?zelke` o z` i zn .10

Translate the following:

Ehud gets up early .1

When do you eat breakfast? .2

I want a shekel! .3

When do you see a movie? .4

Daniel and Channah get up,

eat breakfast, go to the

classroom, and learn

.5

Yehudit and Miryam want

ice-cream. They buyice-cream with lemon. Daniel

also wants ice-cream. Now

he its ice-cream.

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He reads and writes Hebrew,

but she is running in the rain.

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Sarah drinks tea (d z) in the

morning and eats soup for

lunch.

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Deenah! What are you

eating?

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Aharon writes to Sarah. He

asks (lèy) what she is

doing.

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Fill in the blank:

(azk) ip`___________________________________.mixagl azk n

(jld) epgp`__________________________________.xtqd-zial

(cnl) z dti __________________________________?zixar

(mew) ip` xwea lk_______________________________(uex)e_______________________________.

(xnb) md i zn__________________________________?

(`xw) ip` meid__________________________________.xtq

(mew) ìd izn__________________________________?xweaa

(dpw) in__________________________________) miqihxkdtickets?replewl (

(d`x) md axra__________________________________.mixag

(jld) ìd__________________________________.mixag m r

(rny) z`__________________________________?xwea mixiy

(xn`) in____________________________(jld) epgp`y______________________________?

(car) `l md zaya__________________________________.

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(qeh) md__________________________________.l`xyil

(dvx) izex__________________________________.aeh lke`

(cnl) ìd dti`__________________________________?

(xn`) md__________________________________.mely

(jld) o d izn__________________________________?dzii Ad

(ip` ,azk)_______________________.dgR W nl az k n

(cwx , z ) i n m r_______________________?dAi q n A

(cnl) ipce lkin_______________________) o gFAlquiz.(

(`xw ,epgp`)_______________________.aFh xt q

(cnl) dpyeye dpic_______________________.zeycg milin

(jld) ciece dwax__________________(cwx) `l m d la` ,dAiq nl_____________________.

(`xw) z` ,lkin_______________________?ycg xtq

(xn`) ia`_______________________(lk`) ìdy

(l`y) ipc_______________________(lk`) ìd dn_______________________.xweaa

Note - a word placement - w x(only):When w xappears before the verb, it relates to the verb:lke` wx ip`- I only eat (meaning, I do not do anything else).

When it appears after the verb, it relates to the part coming afterthe verb.

...wx lke` ip` - I eat only (meaning, I eat only... and nothingelse).

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Note - a word placement - mb(also):When mbappears before the verb, it relates to the verb:lke` mb ip`- I also eat (meaning, I do something else, too).When it comes after the verb, it relates to the part coming after

the verb....mb lke` ip` - I also eat (meaning, I eat [something], and Ialso eat...).

- mili n-xvF`VOCABULARY

z y x w v t r q p n l k i h g f e d c b a `

love, like ad`

man Wi

womandWi

in a

come `a

quiz o gFA

build dpa

big, great lFcb

finish xnb

steal apb

live (=dwell) xb

go, walk jld

move ff

remember xkf

storezEpg

think ayg

good aFh

fly (airplane) qh

wine oii

write azk

to the l

to l

wear, dress yal

learn, study cnl

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from ( n) n

teacher (m.) d xFn

teacher (f.) dxFn

water mii n

juice ui n

sell xkn

letter az k n

party dAi q n

restgp

close xbq

work (verb) car

count x tq

movie h x q

now eiW k r

go up dlr

with m r

fly (bird etc.) sr

do, make dUr

laugh wgv

fast (verb) mv

yell, shout,scream

wrv

small, little ohw

get up mw

buy dpw

read `xw

happen dxw

tie (verb) xyw

see d`x

fight, quarel ax

want dvx

homeworkziia-i xEri W

song xi W

of l W

there mW

put mU

keep, watch,

guard

xny

sing xy

drink dzy

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Basic Verb Forms in Present Tense

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