Basic Theory and Main Components

8/12/2019 Basic Theory and Main Components

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www.abb.com/FACTS

SVC Basic Theory and

Main Components

www.abb.com/FACTS


2/46

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Date

-2-

FACTS

Inadequately compensated industrial networks:

Poor power factor

Voltage depression

Voltage fluctuations

Harmonic distortion

Voltage and current unbalance


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Date

-3-

FACTSThe Electric Arc Furnace (EAF)

Work horse of the

steel industry Major source of

voltage fluctuations

- Caused by rapid

variations in reactivepower

Major source of

harmonics and

phase unbalance


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-4-

FACTSAn arc furnace requires a stable voltage supply


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-5-

FACTSArc Furnace Load Characteristics

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 60000.8

0.85

0.9

0.95

1

1.05

Time (ms)

Usek(p

u)

Secondary voltage without compensation...

... low mean voltage and large voltage fluctuations


6/46

ABB

Date

-6-

FACTS Reactive power flow with HF compensation

Q

QNET

EAF

QEAF

PCC

FCs

SET OF CAPACITOR

BANKS, FCs


7/46

ABB

Date

-7-

FACTSReactive Power Compensation with Filters

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

0.8

0.85

0.9

0.95

1

1.05

Time (ms)

Usek(p

u)

Secondary voltage with filter compensation...

... higher mean voltage and large voltage fluctuations


8/46

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-8-

FACTSReactive Power Flow with Harmonic Filters

EAFQ

Harmonic Filters

Q

t

t

QResult

t


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Date

-9-

FACTSReactive power flow with dynamic compensation

Q

Q

QNET

EAF

QEAF

PCC

SVC

SVC

QTCR

TCR

FCs

SET OF CAPACITORBANKS, FCs


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-10-

FACTSSVC Overview HMI


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Date

-11-

FACTSReactive Power Compensation with SVC

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

0.8

0.85

0.9

0.95

1

1.05

Time (ms)

Usek

(pu)

Secondary voltage with SVC...

...mean voltage close to nominal and significantly reduced

voltage fluctuations.


12/46

ABB

Date

-12-

FACTSReactive Power Flow with dynamic comp.

Harmonic Filters

Qcapacitive

TCR

t

t

Q Inductive

EAF

Q

Q

Q

SVC

Q

t

t

Q

Result

t


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-13-

FACTS

ACTIVE AND REACTIVE POWER..


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-14-

FACTSPoor voltage quality


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-15-

FACTSHarmonics

0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

Time (s)

Voltage(pu)

0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

Time (s)

Voltage(pu)

0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

Time (s)

Voltage

(pu

)

Fundamental

5:th Harmonic

Result


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-16-

FACTS

Frequency spectrum of harmonic currents

generated by an electric arc furnace


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-17-

FACTS

90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180-0.06

-0.05

-0.04

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

Firing angle [degrees]

In/I1

n=5

n=5

n=7

n=7

n=11

n=11n=13

n=19n=17

n=25

n=23

TCR harmonics


18/46

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Date

-18-

FACTSHarmonic Filter

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

Time,ms

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

Time,ms


19/46

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Date

-19-

FACTSEAF the flicker producer

Q (ind)

P

Ishort

I1


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Date

-20-

FACTSWhat is Flicker?

Flicker:

Fluctuations in luminance


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FACTS


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-22-

FACTS

SVC for Power Quality: Control types

FACTS


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-24-

FACTS

Example of SVC for industry:

FACTS


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-25-

FACTSExample of Single Line Diagram

FACTS


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-26-

FACTSMain Components

Thyristor Valve

Air Core Reactors

Capacitors

Cooling System

FACTS


26/46

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-27-

FACTSThyristor Valve

Phase Control

Thyristor

Anode

Cathode

Gate Th1 Th2

Valve

I

t

Thyristor Valve

FACTST i l SVC 3 h bl


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-28-

FACTSTypical SVC 3-ph assembly

FACTSTh i t V l


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-29-

Thyristor Valve

FACTSTh i t V l


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-30-

Thyristor Valve

Acts as a switch:

Turned on by signal.

Turned off at zero current.

Conducting in only one direction.

Voltage ratings (SVC applications): 5 - 7 kVpeak

Current ratings (SVC applications): 815 3350 A

Temperature range (silicon wafer): - 40 -- +125 C

Thyristor characteristics: Valve characteristics:

A Thyristor Control Unit (TCU) converts light signals

to electric trigger pulses and reports thyristor status.

Antiparallel connection necessary.

Series connection necessary. Voltage grading circuits

are required (snubber circuits).

Used in valves with current rating: 500 - 4000 A

Efficient cooling necessary

(Water, sometimes mixed with glycol).

FACTSTh i t l l ith t l d TCU it


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-31-

Thyristor level with water coolers and TCU units

Thyristor control unit (TCU)

Thyristor

Heatsink, water cooled

FACTSAir Core Reactor Typical Design


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-32-

Air Core Reactor Typical Design

FACTSTCR Air Core Reactor


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-33-

TCR Air Core Reactor

FACTSHigh Voltage Capacitor Unit Design


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-34-

High Voltage Capacitor Unit Design

FACTSHigh Voltage Capacitors Fuses


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-35-

High Voltage Capacitors Fuses

FACTS

HV Capacitors Unbalance detection


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-36-

HV Capacitors Unbalance detection


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FACTSExample of Thyristor Valve Cooling System


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-38-

Example of Thyristor Valve Cooling System

FACTS

TCR/FC installation


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-39-

TCR/FC installation

FACTS

TCR installation


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-40-

TCR installation

FACTSTCR Delta connection


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-41-

FACTSArc furnace performance diagram


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-42-

p g

FACTSTap to tap time


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p p

FACTSExample of Protection Block Diagram (1/3)


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g ( )


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FACTSExample of Protection Block Diagram (3/3)


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FACTS


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Basic Theory and Main Components

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Transcript of Basic Theory and Main Components