Basic Teaching Skills for Career Education Instructors

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Basic Teaching Skills for Career Education Instructors

Chapter 10

Program Development and Lesson Planning


Critical Concept• Experience has proven that the time spent in planning

significantly reduces the time spent in execution. Plan your educational programs carefully.


Desired Performance Goals• List the steps in the curriculum development process.• Explain the purpose of the use of an advisory council in

the curriculum development process.• Define the 3 domains for instructional outcomes and

write learning objectives for each.• Conduct a sound orientation program for new students.• Explain the value and advantages of lesson planning.• Describe each component of a lesson plan.


The Master Educator• Uses lesson plans as a guide but makes them their own.• Brings their own talents, experiences, and personal

characteristics to each classroom.• Follows the program outline and ensures all educational

objectives are met.


• A properly developed program will result in an orderly and systematic process of education that ensures students progress satisfactorily and achieve program objectives.

• Preliminary analysis of the programs, course objectives and goals, lesson plans, and scheduling must be done before teaching can take place.

Planning Concepts and Preliminary Analysis


Curriculum Development• Curriculum: A set of courses constituting an area of

specialization.• Effort must be put into curriculum development, including

a number of key steps.


Steps for Developing a Courseof Study

1. Determine resources for course content.

2. Obtain review information.

3. List essential tasks and topics.

4. Sort the topics and tasks.

5. Sequence the subject categories.

6. Allocate time for each subject area.

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7. Identify units of instruction.

8. Allocate time for each unit of instruction.

9. Develop a course outline or syllabus.

10. Develop lesson plans.

11. Develop method of student evaluation.

12. Develop a comprehensive schedule.

13. Develop an orientation program.


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Advisory Council/Curriculum Committee

• Comprised of school owners, directors, educators, graduates and employers of graduates, representatives of trade organizations or regulatory agencies, other industry professionals.


Purpose of the Committee• To identify and assign priority to subject matter and skills

that need to be taught.• To help assign relative importance to subject matter.• To bring their own experience, education, and additional

resources.• To aid in outcomes assessment and developing plans

for improvement.


Organizing Material• Subjects must be organized and sequenced in a logical

manner to ensure maximum learning and retention.


Instructional Outcomes• Outcome: goal, aim, objective; result or consequence.• Goals are established for various levels within the course

development process.

1. For overall course of study

2. For each subject or category of study

3. For each lesson plan found in a unit of study


Objectives and Examples• Business 101 – Program

Goal • To apply learned theory,

technical information, and related matter to assure sound judgments, decisions, and procedures.

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Objectives and Examples

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• Subject or Category Objective – Business Administration (specific to general subject matter)

• To apply the fundamentals of business management, operations, and laws and regulations governing the business.


• Instructional Objective (specific to daily lesson): Business Finance and Laws

1. To identify financial considerations of operating a business.

2. To explain the importance of maintaining accurate business records.

3. To summarize the laws and regulations governing the business.

Objectives and Examples


The Three Domains• Cognitive Domain – acquisition of knowledge.• Affective Domain – the development of an attitude or

value as it relates to the subject matter.• Psychomotor Domain – skill development as it

relates to the performance of a specific task or activity.


The Cognitive Domain• The acquisition of knowledge

• Performances that require specific information such as principles, concepts, and generalizations necessary for problem solving


The Affective Domain• The demonstration of feelings, attitudes, or sensitivities

toward other people, ideas, or things.

• Positive attitudes, values, and feelings are desired in the workplace.


Psychomotor Domain• Objectives relate to skill performance.• Students perform physical or psychomotor tasks under

supervision.• Repetition eventually transfers to routine practice in the

workplace.


The Program Outline• Program name• Program description• Learning goals and objectives• Subjects and topics of instruction• Hours, credits, competencies by subject/unit• Instructional methods• Grading procedures• Other pertinent information

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The Program Outline• Hours, credits, competencies by subject/unit• Instructional methods• Grading procedures• Other pertinent information


The Purpose of Orientation• To understand the general objectives of the course of

study.• To identify the various career opportunities within the

chosen field.• To recognize the needed lifestyle changes as a result

of becoming a full-time student.

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The Purpose of Orientation• To understand the various rules and policies affecting

students enrolled in the course.• To know the most recent performance outcomes

achieved by the institution.


Examples of Orientation Topics• Student and staff introductions.• An icebreaker or opening activity that allows new

students to bond with continuing students.• An explanation of the importance of developing people

skills as well as the technical skills required for career success.

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Examples of Orientation Topics• An explanation of the importance of student desire,

personal commitment, and drive to succeed.• A history of the applicable field.• The job outlook for careers in course-related fields.• Course length and licensure requirements (if applicable).

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• Obstacles to course completion that students may encounter and possible solutions.

• The rules or standards of conduct required of students.

• The policies affecting students.

Examples of Orientation Topics

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• Emergency evacuation procedures; use of fire extinguishers, first aid.

• OSHA and basic requirements for a safe workplace.• Financial aid programs.• Others?

Examples of Orientation Topics


Orientation Icebreaker• Create an orientation icebreaker that will serve as a

dynamic opening to your orientation program and will create an opportunity for all new students to get to know each other.


Lesson Plan DevelopmentThe most detailed step in the process of course

development!

The research, review, and planning activities only have value when they come to life in the classroom.


Lesson Planning Advantages• Course and lesson objectives are met.• Learners experience effective teaching principles.• New material is connected to prior learning.• Educators are prepared.• Learners receive appropriate summary and review.

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Lesson Planning Advantages• Learners know what is expected of them.• Learners receive follow-up assignments.• Educators consider a variety of learning styles.• Educators gather needed teaching materials.• Educator confidence level soars.


Three Main Parts of a Lesson Plan • The Introduction• The Main Body• The Conclusion


Lesson Plan Components• Title• Lesson Objectives• Implements, Equipment,

Supplies• Educational Aids• Facility• Time Allotment• Prior Assignment

• Educator References• Notes to Educator• Learning Motivation• Outline and Notes• Activities for Lesson• Summary and Review• Follow-up Assignment• Evaluation


Lesson Objectives• Indicate the knowledge, skills, and attitudes that students

should possess on completion of the lesson.


Implements, Equipment, Supplies• Lists the supplies needed to deliver the lesson and

address the materials needed by students during the lesson.


Educational Aids• Overhead projection, transparencies, reference materials,

charts, graphs, flip charts, TV, VCR, prizes….


Facility• The educator identifies where the presentation or

demonstration will take place.


Time Allotment• The time allocated for the class should be indicated.


Prior Student Assignment• Also called prerequisite of the learner.

• Ensures that students are prepared and have received

appropriate preliminary training required to make this class meaningful.


Educator References• List the variety of references available for research and

additional preparation.

• You may also identify references for students for independent study.


Notes to Educator• This component is generally used in lesson plans that

will be used by several educators within the institution.


Learning Motivation/IntroductionPrepares the student for the upcoming instruction.

States the purpose of the lesson.

Addresses the WII-FM!


The Anticipatory Set Students do not enter the classroom in the same

mind set.

Educators need to gain the attention of all learners in a way that will help maintain their attention

throughout the lesson.


Establishing the “Set”• Ask a provocative question.• Make a shocking statement.• Tell a related story.• Use audio/visual aids.• Incorporate a concept connector.


Presentation Outline and Notes• Most substantive part of the lesson.• Represents the formal part of the class.• Topic is outlined and presented in a sequenced format.• Detailed notes are provided to support the outline to

ensure that both new and seasoned educators can follow it.


Activities for Lesson• Experiences, participatory exercises, projects, and

assignments that will enable the learners to achieve the objectives of the lesson and retain the key information.


Summary and Review Lesson summary brings class to a close and provides

an opportunity to summarize the main points or provide an overview of the lesson.


Follow-Up Assignment Assignments are given when students have achieved

sufficient knowledge or skills to proceed successfully in an independent environment.


Assignments May:• Lengthen the time students spend in learning activities.• Foster initiative, independence, and responsibility.• Reinforce classroom and practical skills learning.• Promote self-discipline.• Allow for differences in learners.


Evaluation Procedures This is the component which is used to measure the

learner’s success in achieving lesson objectives. Evaluation assesses the effectiveness of the teaching and the activities and procedures used to deliver the

material contained in the lesson.


Wrapping It Up• Quality instruction is the result of thoughtful planning and

many different activities by many different contributors.


• Follow the course outline exactly.• Prepare teaching activities in advance.• Establish measurable performance outcomes.• Respect and follow the curriculum established.

Master Educators will:

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Master Educators will:• Make regular notes of what works and what doesn’t.• Recognize his/her role in applying assessment and

evaluation criteria fairly and uniformly.

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• Not mimic or parrot lesson plans prepared by others.• Bring their own talents, experiences, and personality

characteristics to each classroom.


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• Bring life and excitement into each class.• Shape lessons to reflect their own strengths and

preferences and also address the needs of students.• Take an active role in Lesson Plan development.



The Course Outline and Class Schedule will become:

The blueprint that enables the educator to know:• What is to be taught,• When it is to be taught, and• How it is to be taught.


• Where they are going,• How they are going to get there, and• Why they are to arrive at the outlined

destination.

The course outline combined with the schedule will advise educators

and students of:


In Retrospect• List the steps in the curriculum development process.• Explain the purpose of the use of an advisory council

in the curriculum development process.• Define the 3 domains for instructional outcomes.

(continues)


In Retrospect• State the purpose of a sound orientation program for

new students.• Explain the value and advantages of lesson planning.• List each component of a lesson plan.


Congratulations!

You have just completed ten units of study toward completion of your

instructor training program.

Basic Teaching Skills for Career Education Instructors

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