Basic Spanish | Lesson 9 | Bridge the language gap (I don't understand, Can you speak English)
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Transcript of Basic Spanish | Lesson 9 | Bridge the language gap (I don't understand, Can you speak English)
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7/27/2019 Basic Spanish | Lesson 9 | Bridge the language gap (I don't understand, Can you speak English)
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Hola!Lesson 9 on Basic Spanish!
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Revision Forms of verbs
Personal pronounForm ending
in ar
Form ending
in er
Form ending
in ir
Yo(I) -o -o -o
Nosotros(We) -amos -emos -imos
T(You) -as -es -es
Vosotros(You, plural) -is -is -s
Usted(You, formal) -a -e -e
Ustedes(You, formal, pl) -an -en -en
l/Ella(He/ She) -a -e -eEllos/Ellas(They) -an -en -en
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Revision Forms of verbs
Personal pronounar ending
To walk = Caminar
er ending
To eat= Comer
ir ending
To live = Vivir
Yo camino como vivo
Nosotros caminamos comemos vivimos
T caminas comes vivesVosotros caminis comis vivs
Usted camina come vive
Ustedes caminan comen viven
l/Ella camina come viveEllos/Ellas caminan comen viven
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Lesson objectives
1 Bridging the language gap (Part II)
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What's in store today?
In the last lesson we learnt how verbs change theirforms depending on the subject (or pronoun)
in the sentence...
Today, we will use these verbs in conversations tohelp you get over language difficulties in
a new place!
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Today
To understand Entender (e->ie) To spell Deletrear
To read Leer To speak Hablar
To say Decir (e->i) To be able to Poder (o->ue)
To repeat Repetir (e->i) To write Escribir
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Do you remember?
Some verbs undergo a small spelling change (eg:middle 'e' changes to 'i' or 'ie'; 'o' changes to 'ue')
when you change their form (conjugate them)depending on the subject
Eg: To repeat =RepetirI repeat = (Yo) repito
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Bridging the language gap
Lets start with a basic sentence:
I dont understand
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Bridging the language gap
I dont understand
Yo no entender
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Grammar tip
Remember, er ending verbs, when usedwith Yo(I), the ending '-er' changes to '-o'
We cant use entenderdirectly as verbschange form depending on the subject
Here subject is I = YoHence we change the form to entiendo
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Bridging the language gap
I dont understand
Yo no entiendo
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Grammar tip
Did you notice that we change entender toentiendoand not entendo?
Entender changes its spelling ( middle e changesto
ie) when we change its form dependingon the subject
To understand =EntenderI understand =Entiendo
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Bridging the language gap
To understand= Entender
I dont understand
No entiendo
Entiendo = I understand
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So remember!
To understand =EntenderI understand =Entiendo
(spelling changes from e-> ie)
Similarly,She understands =Ella entiende
You (formal) understand = Usted entiende
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Exception!
The exception to the last rule isNosotrosandVosotros
Verbs do not change spellings (e->ie or e->i) withNosotrosandVosotros
We understand =Nosotros entendemosNotNosotros entiendemos
You (informal, pl) understand = Vosotrosentendeis
NotVosotros entiendeis
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Bridging the language gap
Do you understand me?
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Grammar tip
To translate this sentence, first letstranslate: Do you understand?
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Bridging the language gap
To understand= Entender (e->ie)
Do you (inf.) understand?
(T) entiendes?
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So remember!
Pronoun omitted as it is obvious
Do you (inf.) understand?
Entiendes?
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Grammar tip
Before learning how to say 'Do you understand
me'we need to learn the concept of indirect objects
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Grammar tip
A direct objectis the noun or pronoun that theverb acts directly on
And an indirect objectis the person affected by
the action but not acted directly upon
Eg: She gives them to meDirect object : ThemIndirect object : Me
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Grammar tip
However, there are some verbs that useindirect-object pronouns even though those of us
who speak English as a first language would
probably think of them as usingdirect-object pronouns
In Do you understand me?me is used as the indirect object
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Bridging the language gap
Do you (inf.) understand me?
Me entiendes?
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Grammar tip
Please remember that the form ofentenderintranslation
is dependent on the subject (or doer)in the sentence
In Do you understand me?You is the doer/ subject of the sentence
Hence, entenderchanges to entiendes
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As we saw...
The translation for me when used as anindirect object is me in Spanish as well
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Lets look at other object pronouns
English pronouns
(when used as object)
Spanish indirect
object pronouns
Me Me
You (informal) Te
Him, her, it, you (formal form) Le/ Se
Us Nos
You (plural) Os
Them, you (formal, pl. form) Les
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Using indirect object pronouns
Similar to 'Do you understand me', 'I don'tunderstand him' is translated as
'No le entiendo'(where le is an indirect-object pronoun)
You can say 'No te entiendo'in an informalsituation, and'No le entiendo'for a formal
situation to communicate 'I don't understand you'
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Try yourself
I understand you (informal)
1Te entiendes
2Te entiendo
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Solution
I understand you (informal)
1Te entiendes
2Te entiendo
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Grammar tip
Did you understand why I understand youtranslated as Te entiendo?
I is the doer/subject here
I understand = entiendoI understand you = te entiendo
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Bridging the language gap
How do you say ____ in Spanish?
Assume : formal situation
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Using indirect object pronouns
It is common to use indirect-object pronouns when
using verbs of communication examples includehablar (to speak) anddecir (to say/ tell)
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Bridging the language gap
How do you say ___ in Spanish
Cmo se decir ___ en espaol?
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Do you remember?
To say =Decir
You (sing., formal) say =Dice(spelling changes from e->i)
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Bridging the language gap
How do you say ___ in Spanish?
Cmo se dice ___ en espaol?
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So our sentence translates to...
How do you say 'eat' in Spanish?
Cmo se dice 'eat' en espaol?
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Bridging the language gap
How do you write ____?
This literally becomes 'How does '___' writeitself?'
In sentences like 'How do you write ?' we aren'treally asking how a particular person writes it,
but 'How is it written' in general or 'How does onewrite ___'
Hence, literally we translate it as 'How does '___'
write itself?'
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Bridging the language gap
How does it write
Cmo se escribir
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Do you remember?
To write =Escribir
It writes =Escribe
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So now you know!
How do you write ___?
Cmo se escribe ___?
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Grammar tip
In Spanish, there is a verb thatcommunicates ability
To be able to =Poder
When we ask Can you ___?; we are in essenceasking are you able to ___?
In such cases, can translates to poder
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Bridging the language gap
Can you speak slowly?
Poder t hablar despacio?
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Grammar tip
Remember, 'er' ending verbs whenused with T(you,informal),the ending changes from 'er' to 'es'
Can (to be able to) =Poder (o->ue)You can = T puedes
T can be omitted as it is understood
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Bridging the language gap
T can be omitted
Can you speak slowly?
Puedes hablar despacio?
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Grammar tip
Since we have already changed the form of thefirst verb (Can =Poder changed toPuedes) toreflect that we are talking about second person
(you, informal), we don't change theform ofhablar
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So now you know!
Can you speak slowly?
Puedes hablar despacio?
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Try yourself
Can you (informal) read ___?Hint : To read = Leer
1Puedes
lees?
2Puedes
leer?
3Puedo
leer?
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Solution
Can you (informal) read ___?Hint : To read = Leer
1Puedes
lees?
2Puedes
leer?
3Puedo
leer?
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Try yourself
Do you understand Spanish?Assume : You = T
1Entender espaol?
2Entiendes espaol?
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Solution
Do you understand Spanish?Assume : You = T
1Entender espaol?
2Entiendes espaol?
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Culture Leaf
l l f
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Culture leaf : New years eve in Mexico!
Mexicans celebrate the New year's eve by eatinggrapes and making wishes. At midnight as theclocks sound 12 chimes, they eat a grape and a
wish- with every chime!
C l l f N i M i !
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Culture leaf : New years eve in Mexico!
Families decorate their homes in different colorsto
bring them good luck the next year :
Red = improvement of lifestyle, yellow =
improvedemployment, green = improved finances, and
white = improved health!
C lt l f N i M i !
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Culture leaf : New years eve in Mexico!
Mexican sweet bread is baked with a coin hiddenin
the dough. The recipient of the slice with the coin issaid to be blessed with good luck
Another tradition is to make a list of all the badevents over the past 12 months; before midnight,this list is thrown into a fire, symbolizing the
removal of negative energy from the new year!
Wh t t?
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Whats next?
In the next lesson, we will learn someirregular verbs that will help us with
conversations around asking and
giving introductions!
Credits
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Credits
ContentTeam Culture Alley, Okairy Zuiga, Tomasa Merino
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Year%27s_Eve#Mexico
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See you at the alley!
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