Basic Oral Communication Lectures
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Transcript of Basic Oral Communication Lectures
No textbook. Use Moodle.
Miss class if you have other priorities; understand the inherent risks in missing class.Dress like you came to class on purpose.
OBJECTIVES:1. Extemporaneous delivery style 2. Poised platform persona 3. Prepare and organize a speech 4. Effective listening skills 5. Critical thinking skills
Syllabus
Highligh
tsYou are responsible for your grade in this class. I don’t give you a grade. You earn a grade. You earn your grade by earning points. Nothing in this class is mandatory because nothing in this class is based on a percentage of total points (regardless of what Moodle may indicate). Certain grades “cost” a certain amount of points. If a D- is good enough, then you don’t have to earn very many points. If you need an A or a B, then you need to earn more points.
Introductory Speeches
• Two things make you a better public speaker: – practicing – knowing your audience
• Introduce yourself or someone else.– Everyone has to get introduced.– Everyone has to give an introduction.
• Rubric is on the course management system.
Chapter 1 Speeches
• Chapter 1 is basic stuff. You already know it.• Chapter 1 is technical stuff. You don’t know
the right way to express that you know it.• Chapter 1 is important stuff. You should know
it in the back of your mind as a foundation.• Chapter 1 is academic stuff. You can’t let it
block the simple stuff and the practical stuff.• Rubric is on the course management system.
Visualization (Best Case/Worst Case) Rewards
Breathing and Stretching, Addam's Family Clock
Tongue Tamers
Tomorrow
we tour the library
Chapter 4
The Osborns’ Idea of “Responsible Knowledge”
• The best research you can do in the time you have to prepare.– Cover the main issues– Include respected experts– Evidence is recent/relevant– Addresses audience concerns– Interesting for the audience
The Scholarly Spectrum
Formal Research / Scholarly Sources
Pros•Gatekeepers/Credibility•Balanced View
Cons•Dull/Clinical•Takes forever
Informal Research / Non-Scholarly SourcesPros•Unique perspective•Current
Cons•Narrow scope•Bias/Not credible
Note: it does not matter
whether it is intentional
Plagiarism is using someone else’s
words or ideas as your own either
intentionally or for mere failure to
credit the original source
Note: it does not matter whether it
was a direct quote
Plagiarism
Plagiarism (cont.)
Evidence of trouble• Hunting for synonyms• Rearranging syntax• Rearranging paragraph
Don’t cite common knowledge• Not necessarily
everyone knows• Everyone can find
easily
Cite• Quotes• Paraphrases• Derivations• Unique view• Unique statement
Internet Sources
Information from the Internet must be appropriately cited!
If this is not possible, you have a bad source.
If this would be embarrassing, you have a bad source
APA Style
• Use APA Style• I strongly advise against using
the automaters/generators mentioned in the chapter.
• I strongly encourage you to instead use the Purdue OWL.
• Microsoft Office bibliography tool is ok.
Chapter 5
1. What works?2. What doesn’t?3. T/F: Death By PowerPoint4. Define useful.5. How can you make an attention-
getting aid that is not distracting?
6. Give an example of an aid that’s unprofessional/inappropriate.
You’ve got thisin the bag!
You already know what works, and what
doesn’t.You already know
what good (and bad) speeches look like.
Today, we’re going to prove it by evaluating
some videos.
Chapter 2
A – P – E
The moral of Chapter 2 is…
Every speech includes
• An Introduction– Attention-Getter– Thematic Statement – Preview
• A body– Present main ideas– Develop main ideas
• A conclusion– Recap– Last Chance– Completion
Always speak with FLAIR.
• Format your speech in a clear, interesting way.• Liven up your content with the words you use.• Appropriate use of words is imperative.• In context, the words should be proper.• Rearrange your syntax.
Writing Style• Rare vocabulary• Complex syntax• Audience can
pause/rewind• Formal language• Make a point and
move on
Speaking Style• Common words• Simple sentences• Audience only
hears once• Colloquialisms• Repetition is a
virtue
Basic Speech Style/Formats
• Manuscript Style– Written out ahead of time– Read word for word for an audience
• Impromptu Style– Little or no time to prepare– “Wing it” for an audience
• Extemporaneous Style– Prepare an outline– Expand on the foundation for an audience
Extemporaneous KISSes
• Key–words• Ideas• Skeletal outline• Spontaneity– Conversational Tone– Eye Contact– Enthusiasm– Variety in voice, expressions, gestures
Chapter 3
Build A Speech
• Select a topic• Analyze the audience• Develop a specific purpose• Select a structural pattern• Form[at] an outline
Pick a GREAT topic
• Galvanizing• Relevant• Engaging• Accomplishable• Targeted
Audience Analysis:Demographics andEducated Stereotypes
• Age• Gender• Nationality• Sex• Education
Audience Analysis:Topic-Specific
• Familiarity• Pre-conceptions• Interest• Internal Motivation• External Motivation
Specific Purpose = Goal Statement
• A guide for the speaker– What to include– What to exclude
• A single idea (no “and”)• Not a thesis statement– Not for your audience– Thesis statement might be
a compound sentences
OrganizationalPatterns
• Spatial• Sequential (process)• Chronological (time)• Cause-Effect/Effect-Cause• Compare/Contrast• Problem-Solution• Topical
Outline Form[at]s
• Formal (written delivery)– Details– Sentences– Parallelism
• Planning (approval/draft)– Details … or not– Sentences … or not– Parallelism … or not
Outline Form[at]s(cont.)
• Keyword (oral delivery)– No Details– Simple Phrases/Key-words– Parallelism … or not
of an Outline
This is an odd format for an outline. It should only be
used for my Basic Oral Communication Class. It is neither typical nor
widely accepted. You’ve been warned.
<Name> - <Topic>
I. Introduction A. <Attention Getter> B. Thesis 1. <Topic> 2. <Main point> 3. <Main point> 4. <Main point>II. <Main Point> A. <Sub-Point> 1. <Spoken Citation>
e.g., According to a 2006 study conducted at Harvard ... 2. <APA Citation>
e.g., (Smith, 2006) B. <Sub-Point> 1. <Spoken Citation> 2. <APA Citation>V. <Transition to Conclusion> A. <Review> B. <Close Strong>
Upcoming Calendar Today we’re looking at the rubric I will use to
grade your speeches. Next time we meet, we will schedule your
speeches and have a questions/ problems/ concerns session.
The class after that you will meet in small groups to evaluate your speeches.
The class after that you will evaluate yourselves.
After that …. Informative Speeches!
Informative Speech Check-In Let’s review the rubric I will use to grade
your speeches. There are no secrets. There are no surprises. This is how to get 100%.
Outlines / Topics / Structure
O High Score:O Average Score:O Low Score:
Pep Talk
IntroductionsO High Score:O Average Score:O Low Score:
Pep Talk
CredibilityO High Score:O Average Score:O Low Score:
Pep Talk
ConclusionsO High Score:O Average Score:O Low Score:
Pep Talk
Presentation AidsO High Score:O Average Score:O Low Score:
Pep Talk
PersonaO High Score:O Average Score:O Low Score:
Pep Talk
Persuasive Topics• Question of value (binary)• Question of fact (opinion)• Question of policy (behavior)
Persuasive Org. Patterns• Problem/Cause/Solution• Comparative Advantage•Monroe’s Motivated
Sequence: Need, Satisfaction, Visualization
Upcoming Calendar Today we’re looking at topics. Next time we meet, we will look at
outlines. The class after that we’ll review the
rubric I will use to grade your speeches. Then we’ll have two days for
evaluations. After that …. Persuasive Speeches!
Persuasive Speech Check-In Let’s review the rubric I will use to grade
your speeches. There are no secrets. There are no surprises. This is how to get 100%.
The CASE for Invitational Speaking
• Civilize the debate• Articulate beliefs and values• Square the sides of the argument• Explore issues and ideas
The AURA of a Successful Invitational Speech
• Invitational topics can be controversial.• There will be a range of possible
positions.–Acknowledge them.–Understand them.–Respect them.–Appreciate them.
Invitational Speakers that KICK you-know-what …
• Know their own positions• Invite the audience to take a position• Chat with the audience, and let them
chat with each other, too• Keep everyone civil and focused
For your exercise …•We need six groups–You choose your group–You’ll need to have a group for
the next class • Let’s go over the rubric
Upcoming Calendar Today we’re looking at topics. Next time we meet, we will look at
topics again. The class after that we’ll review the
rubric I will use to grade your speeches. Then we’ll have two days for scheduling,
questions, and evaluations. After that …. Invitational Speeches!
Topics Pick your groups.
6 groups Group >1 person
Your group's topic can be something you've already given a speech about.
Tonight, post a discussion board entry with your group members' names and your group's topic.
Topics (cont.) Before the next class, each of you will
*respond to your group's entry* with at least two APA citations of scholarly articles you want to address.
In the next class you will pick the article you will use as your invitational speech topic.
It will be beneficial to bring a copy of your articles (print or electronic, either way).
Upcoming Calendar Today you will pick the scholarly article
you are going to invite us to discuss about.
In the next class, we’ll review the rubric I will use to grade your speeches.
Then we’ll have two days for scheduling, questions, and evaluations.
After that …. Invitational Speeches!
Upcoming Calendar Today we’ll review the rubric I will use to
grade your speeches. Then we’ll have two days for scheduling,
questions, and evaluations. After that …. Invitational Speeches!
Special Event Speaking
• A speech for an event.• A speech honoring a
person.• A speech commemorating
an occasion.
Special Event Topics
• The world is your oyster.• Guidelines for the final:–Audience-appropriate–Occasion-appropriate–Group-size appropriate–7-9 minutes appropriate
Ideas for the Final• Toasting/Roasting Someone• Presenting/Accepting Award• After-Dinner Event• Offer Testimonial• Introduce Another Speaker• Commemorate Something• Give a convocation/adjournment
Outline: IntroductionI. Introduction (set the tone)
A. Get the audience’s attentionB. Overview and PreviewC. Give yourself some
credibilityInspire, Celebrate,
Commemorate, Entertain
Outline: BodyII. Main Point
A. Sub-PointB. Sub-Point
May not need sourcesAlways need structure!!
Outline: ConclusionV. Conclusion
A. ReviewB. Satisfying Close
Persona• Eye contact to establish rapport• Inconspicuous use of notes• Scan to establish zone of interaction• Expressive, dynamic and natural body
language• Natural vocal variations• Standard English• Humor
Persona: Humor• Anecdotes/Jokes• Asides• Banter/Retorts• Blunders/Recoveries• Freudian Slips• Hyperbole/Understatement• Irony• Satire• Situational Humor
Presentation Aids• Appropriately Displayed• Does not detract from
presentation• Adds to presentation• Not-so-much important that it
is professional/useful
Final Exercise
• Give a special event speech.• Work alone or with a group.– Your group members’ performances will
affect your grade.– Everyone has to talk.– Everyone has to pay attention.