Basic Nutrition & Comfort Lesson

8/12/2019 Basic Nutrition & Comfort Lesson

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BASIC CARE AND COMFORT LESSON-5

I. Nutrition

A. Food Guidelines (illustration). Nutrition!l needs t"rou#" t"e li$e %&%le

!. In$!nts' $luid !nd rotein needs .5* !dults+. Bre!st ,il or $or,ul! is !deu!te $or $irst / ,ont"s o$ li$e

%. C"ild"ood' #r!du!l in%re!sin# o$ !ll nutrientsd. Adults' un%"!n#ed e*%et $or

. 0re#n!n%&' !dd er d!&' 122 %!lories3 5 ,# iron3

12 # rotein3 422 # %!l%iu,3 !nd 22u# $oli% !%id. L!%t!tion' !dd 522 %!lories3 u!rts e*tr! $luid

e. Elderl& oer !#e /5' !deu!te rotein to ,!int!in i,,une

s&ste,. F!%tors !$$e%tin# diet!r& !tterns

!. 6e!lt" st!tus

+. Culture !nd reli#ion%. So%ioe%ono,i% st!tus

d. 0erson!l re$eren%e

e. 0s&%"olo#i%!l $!%tors

$. Al%o"ol !nd dru#s1. Ener#& Needs

!. B!s!l ,et!+olis, 7 ener#& reuired $or on#oin# intern!l

ro%esses su%" !s "e!rt+e!t+. B!s!l ,et!+oli% r!te (BMR) 7 in$luen%ed +& #ender3 !#e3

!%tiit& leel3 +od& %o,osition

B. Essenti!l Nutrients. C!r+o"&dr!tes!. In%lude su#!rs3 st!r%"es !nd %ellulose

+. Si,le su#!rs (,onos!%%"!rides) !re ,ost e!sil&

,et!+oli8ed%. St!r%"es !re ,ore %o,le* in stru%ture !nd ,et!+olis,

d. Fun%tions o$ %!r+o"&dr!tes

. 9ui%est sour%e o$ ener#& (4. %!l:#r!,). M!in sour%e o$ $uel $or +r!in3 eri"er!l neres3

;BCs3 RBCs3 !nd "e!lin#


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#. E*%essie %!r+o"&dr!te %!lories !re stored !s $!t

. Liids

!. B!si% liids !re %o,osed o$ tri#l&%erides !nd $!tt& !%ids+. In%ludes s!tur!ted $!tt& !%ids ($ro, !ni,!l sour%es) !nd

uns!tur!ted $!tt& !%ids (e#et!+les3 nuts !nd seeds)

%. Essenti!l uns!tur!ted $!tt& !%ids - linolei% !%id is t"e onl&essenti!l $!tt& !%id in "u,!ns> linoleni% !%id !nd

!r!%"idoni% !%id %!n +e ,!nu$!%tured +& t"e +od&


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. ;!ter solu+le (B3 B3 B/3 B3 C)

!. C!nnot +e stored in +od&> reuire d!il&

int!e. F!t solu+le (A3 D3 E3 )

!. C!n +e stored in +od&

Be Prepared

Dont st!& u l!te $or l!st ,inute %r!,,in#.Inste!d3 #et ! #ood ni#"ts slee.

5. Miner!ls

!. Inor#!ni% su+st!n%es essenti!l !s %!t!l&sts in +io%"e,i%!lre!%tions

+. For, ,ost inor#!ni% ,!teri!l in t"e +od&

%. Fun%tions'. C!t!l&st $or ,!n& +od& re!%tions su%" !s re#ul!tion

o$ !%id-+!se +!l!n%e

. 6el %ells ,et!+oli8e3 tissues !+sor+ nutrients3 !nd"e!rt ,us%le resond

1. Miner!ls ! de$i%ien%& o$ one

,iner!l %!n distur+ t"e !%tion o$ ot"er ,iner!ls

4. T&es - #roued !%%ordin# to !,ount $ound in +od&!. M!or ,iner!ls - %!l%iu,3 ,!#nesiu,3

sodiu,3 ot!ssiu,3 "os"orus3 sul$ur3

%"lorine> $un%tion no

$un%tion un%le!r%. Anot"er #rou o$ tr!%e ,iner!ls> $ound in

een s,!ller !,ounts> $un%tion un%le!r

/. ;!ter

!. Criti%!l +od& %o,onent essenti!l $or %ell $un%tion+. A%%ounts $or /2-H2= tot!l +od&


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%onst!nt in t"e +od&

. Fluid +!l!n%e !nd ele%trol&te +!l!n%e is interdeendent

1. Bod& +!l!n%es $luid !nd ele%trol&tes ri,!ril& +& !dustin# outut3!nd se%ond!ril& +& !dustin# int!e.

4. Fluid +!l!n%e is !lso ,!int!ined +& os,osis (illustration)

5. M!or ele%trol&tes!. C!tions

. Sodiu, - ,ost !+und!nt %!tion in e*tr!%ellul!r $luid

!. Re#ul!tes %ell si8e i! os,osis+. Essenti!l in ,!int!inin#

tr!ns,ittin# nere i,ulses3 !nd %ontr!%tin#

,us%les

%. Re#ul!tes !%id-+!se +!l!n%e +& e*%"!n#in#"&dro#en ions $or sodiu, ions in idne&

d. Nor,!l l!+ !lue $or seru, sodiu, is 15-

45 ,E:L

e. Sodiu, is re#ul!ted +& s!lt int!e3!ldosterone3 !nd urin!r& outut

$. Sour%es in%lude t!+le s!lt3 ro%essed ,e!ts3sn!%s !nd %!nned $ood (illustration)

. 0ot!ssiu, - ,ost !+und!nt %!tion o$ intr!%ellul!r

$luid!. 0ot!ssiu, u, dr!

essenti!l $or

+. 0ol!ri8!tion !nd reol!ri8!tion o$ nere !nd

,us%le $i+ers%. Re#ul!tes neuro ,us%ul!r e*%it!+ilit& !nd

,us%le %ontr!%tion

d. Sour%es in%lude %o$!%tor

$or en8&,es in ener#& ,et!+olis,3 neuro%"e,i%!l

!%tiities3 ,us%ul!r e*%it!+ilit&+. Anions

. C"loride

!. Most !+und!nt !nion in e*tr!%ellul!r $luid+. 6els +!l!n%e sodiu,

%. Nor,!l l!+ !lue $or seru, %"loride is 22-

2/ ,E:L

. Bi%!r+on!te - !rt o$ +i%!r+on!te +u$$er s&ste,>
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li,its t"e dro in 6 +& %o,+inin# outut olu,e.

. De"&dr!tion sti,ul!tes os,ore%etors erson $eels t"irst&

!nd sees

1. Also sti,ul!tes AD6 se%retion


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. 0!r!t"&roid se%retes !rt"&roid "or,one (0T6)3

!lso %!lled !r!t"or,one

. Sti,ul!tes rele!se o$ %!l%iu, $ro, +one3re!+sor+tion in s,!ll intestine !nd idne& tu+ules

1. ;"en seru, %!l%iu, leel is lo

Dieteti% Asso%i!tion.

. T"er!euti% nutrition

!. Modi$i%!tion o$ t"e nutrition!l needs +!sed on dise!se%ondition

+. Consider!tions $or !d,inisterin# t"er!euti% diets

. Condition o$ %lient - "&si%!l3 e,otion!l3 ,ent!l!+ilit& o$ %lient to toler!te diet

. ;illin#ness o$ %lient to %o,l&


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T"e A,eri%!n Di!+etes Asso%i!tionroides

in$or,!tion to eole


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ii. Moder!te (222 ,# sodiu,)

iii. Stri%t (522 ,#)

d. Restri%ts t!+le s!lt3 %!nned e#et!+les3s,oed ,e!ts3 +utter3 %"eese

?. 6i#" $i+er

!. sed to %orre%t %onsti!tion3 lo


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. S,!ll +ore $eedin# tu+e' - Fr !nd 1/-41 in%"es

lon#

!. Di$$i%ult to !sir!te sto,!%" %ontents+. M!& +e i,ossi+le to !us%ult!te !n !ir

+olus> or !ir +olus ,!& +e "e!rd een


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C!rn!tion Inst!nt +re!$!sts)

/. 0!renter!l Nutrition' see Lesson !#e /4

Study Smart

For, ! stud& #rou


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urose is to ,!int!in oint ,o+ilit&

C. se o$ ,e%"!ni%!l !ids to ro,ote ,o+ilit&

. Crut%"es!. Suort $eet !nd le#s durin#

+. Adust "!nd+!rs to !llo< 5-12 de#rees o$ el+o< $le*ion

%. se

$or inst!n%e3 i,!ired ,o+ilit& ,!& reent t"e

%lient $ro, re!%"in# t"e +!t"roo, in ti,e.

. Di!#nosis o$ urin!r& in%ontinen%e
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!. 6istor& !nd "&si%!l e*!,in!tion

+. rin!l&sis - tells ur#e to urin!ted. Bl!dder retr!inin#

e. Sur#er& - re!ir o$


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$. O+t!in sterile urine se%i,en

#. Continuous or inter,ittent +l!dder irri#!tion (illustration)

. T&es o$ C!t"eter !nd Gener!l Guidelines!. Ind

neuro,us%ul!r dise!ses> %!n +e t!u#"t to %"ildren

!#es /-1. 0ro%edure'

!. G!t"er eui,ent' %!t"eter3

lu+ri%!nt3 so!3

+. ;!s" "!nds

%. Cle!nse uret"r!l ,e!tus !nd surroundin#

!re!
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d. Lu+ri%!te ti o$ %!t"eter

e. Insert %!t"eter until urine $lo


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1. Li$est&le

4. E*%essie d!&ti,e slee

5. E,otion!l stress/. Eniron,ent

H. E*er%ise:$!ti#ue

. Food int!eB. Slee disorders

. Bru*is,' toot" #rindin# durin# slee

. Inso,ni!' %"roni% di$$i%ult&

C. Gener!l nursin# interentions $or ro,otin# restor!tie slee. Co,$ort ,e!sures

. Medi%!tions' sed!ties3 "&noti%s

1. Slee routine

4. En%our!#e d!&ti,e !%tiit&5. Eli,in!te n!s

/. Rel!*!tion te%"niues

H. Eniron,ent!l %ontrol. Li,it !l%o"ol3 %!$$eine3 !nd ni%otine in eenin#

. 0!in

A. T"eories o$ 0!in. Se%i$i%it& t"eor& rooses t"!t !in %!n +e initi!ted onl& +&

!in$ul sti,uli.

. 0!ttern t"eor& - sti,ulus #oes to re%etors in t"e sin!l %ord3 "o< !st !nd resent e*erien%es %!n in$luen%e t"e er%etion o$!in.

B. !ri!+les in$luen%in# t"e er%etion o$ !in

. Culture !nd so%i!l #rous s"!e !ttitude to

1. 0reious e*erien%e


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/. Coin# st&le

H. F!,il& suort

C. T&es o$ !in. A%ute - !in eisode l!stin# u to / ,ont"s

. C"roni% - !in l!stin# lon#er t"!n / ,ont"s. M!& +e inter,ittent or

%onst!nt.D. Medi%!l tre!t,ent

. 0"!r,!%olo#i% interention - Dis%ussed in Su+%!te#or& -

0"!r,!%olo#&. Non"!r,!%olo#i% interention

!. A%uun%ture

. Orient!l ,et"od' insert $ine needles !t se%i$ied

+od& sites. nnot"!n !in

e. M!ss!#e - #ener!li8ed %ut!neous sti,ul!tion o$ t"e +od&.M!es t"e %lient ,ore %o,$ort!+le due to ,us%le

rel!*!tion

$. I%e !nd "e!t t"er!ies - e$$e%tie in so,e %ir%u,st!n%es.

I%e ,!& de%re!se rost!#l!ndins s!id

%. Noner+!l %ues su%" !s +l!n e*ression3 l!% o$ e&e%ont!%t

. Nursin# interentions

!. se si,le senten%e stru%ture !nd !nto,i,e


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%. Dis%uss one toi% !t ! ti,e

d. se !n& d. Susi%ion

e. Tenden%& to do,in!te %oners!tion

. Nursin# interentions!. Se! slo do not s"out

+. F!%e %lient dire%tl&

%. M!e sure &our $!%e is %le!rl& isi+le

d. Be$ore t"e dis%ussion3 tell %lient t"e toi% &ou !re #oin# todis%uss

e. Insure t"!t %lient "!s !%%ess to "e!rin# !id !nd t"!t it is$un%tion!l

$. ee senten%es s"ort !nd si,le

#. se

/. En%our!#e %lient to ree!t sounds o$ t"e !l"!+etH. Se! slo


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. Mini,i8e distr!%tions

. Ree!t !nd rein$or%e instru%tions

E. Client onl& roteins3 $!ts !nd

%!r+o"&dr!tes roide %!lories.

T"e !er!#e !dult drins to 1 liters o$

T"e nor,!l t"irst ,e%"!nis, in t"e elderl& ,!& +e di,inis"ed !nd t"e& ,!& needen%our!#e,ent to drin su$$i%ient

0reent de$or,ities !nd %o,li%!tions su%" !s %ontr!%tures3 t"ro,+o"le+itis3 !nd

ressure ul%ers +& turnin# !nd ositionin# t"e %lient in #ood !li#n,ent.

T"ere s"ould +e !t le!st t


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An!+olis,

Antio*id!nt

Bet!-%!rotene

Di$$usion

E,ulsi$ier

Ferritin Fl!tulen%e

6&er!le,i!

6&ern!tre,i!

ilo%!lorie

M!lnutrition

Nutrients

Os,osis

Tenes,us

!ls!l!s ,!neuer

Basic Nutrition & Comfort Lesson

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