Basic Microbial Ecology Microbial Ecology Supplemental instruction Designed by Pyeongsug Kim ©2010...

BasicBasic Microbial EcologyMicrobial Ecology

Supplemental instruction

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim ©2010 [email protected] www.science-i.com

Picture from http://microbemagic.ucc.ie/about_microbes/good_bad_ugly.html

Fall 2010

For Dr. Wright’s Bio 7/27 Class

mailto:[email protected]

Microbes Microbes - provide the oxygen and nitrogen that all living beings require. ___________, Bioremediation

““Life on earth as we know it would not exist without the Life on earth as we know it would not exist without the activity of microbes.”activity of microbes.”

Without microbesWithout microbes -the earth would be a gigantic, permanent waste dump.

decomposers

http://www.laptoplunches.co.uk/Waste_less.html

Picture from http://protist.i.hosei.ac.jp/pdb/Images/Prokaryotes/index.html

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009

Biochemical recyclingBiochemical recycling

1) Producers1) Producers -convert CO2 & inorganic materials into _________________. “waste” useful material for other organisms.

-the first in the food chain. - eg) Plants, algae (photosynthetic) in aerobic, Cyanobacteria, and other bacteria in anaerobic condition.

:require the activities of organisms___________________________________________ Producers, consumers, & detrivores(=decomposers)

organic materials

http://ipm.ncsu.edu/cotton/InsectCorner/photos/images/Small_cotton_plants.jpg

http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imagsmall/volvox2.jpg


2) Consumers2) Consumers -metabolize the organic matter synthesized by the ( producers / consumers / detrivores). - __________________


http://turbinaria.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/vorticella15.jpg

protozoa, most animals


3) Decomposers3) Decomposers -Most microbes Bacteria, Fungi, Protozoa -Digest or convert dead organism or decay matter into small molecules used by ( producers / consumers / detrivores ).

*Insect and earth worms as well.

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Earthworm.jpg

http://www.marietta.edu/~spilatrs/biol202/microid/images/protozoa.jpg

http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/content/animals/kidscorner/foodchain/decomposers.htmPicture from http://misslorisbiohome.com/we/organization%20of%20life/nutinter(org).html

EutrophicationEutrophication-Overgrowth of algae and cyanobacteria. by overuse of phosphate: detergents, fertilizers in agriculture. Blocks out light and exhausts ___(Hypoxic) Death of resident fish and aquatic animals.

* The decomposition of the algae fuels bacterial growth, whose metabolism consumes oxygen.

http://www.novaquatis.eawag.ch/arbeitspakete/nova6/index_EN

http://www.macalester.edu/environmentalstudies/threerivers/studentprojects/ENVI_133_Spr_08/Phosphorus/Phosphorus%20Effects%20Webpage.html


O2

Nutrient cycling by microbes Nutrient cycling by microbes - ____________________ - ____ organisms need. - ____ organisms are composed of organic molecules: Proteins, lipids, carbohydrate. - All organic molecules contain __________.


Carbon(C), Nitrogen(N), Sulfur (S), Phoshorus(P)All

Carbon (C)

All

Alterations in Nutrient Cycles Can Contribute to ____________.

http://www.sccwrp.org/view.php?id=83

Eutrophication


Carbon(C) cycleCarbon(C) cycle• ______________ -use CO2 to produce sugars.(inorganic organic)

- Plant, algae, ___________.• ______________ (organic inorganic)

-feed organic carbon such as sugars -release CO2 by respiration -Most animals, _______• ______________ (organic inorganic)

-degrade organic carbon -some release CO2

Primary producers!

Consumers

Decomposers

cyanobacteria

protozoa

Primary producers


http://m.b5z.net/i/u/6128582/i/carboncycle.jpg

http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/NCEA_Level_1_Science/Contents/Microorganisms/Effects_of_microorganisms


Nitrogen(N) cycleNitrogen(N) cycle - found in _______ and __________. - 79% N2 in the air. but most organism can’t use it.

-______________ :convert to useful nitrogen for other organisms. :most bacteria, prokaryotes, fungi. : ___________ =fungi +plant symbiosis

-______________________ :remove N-compounds during wastewater treatment. :bacteria

proteins nucleic acids

Nitrogen-fixers

Nitrogen(N2)-former (denitrification)

mycorrhizae

http://plantbio.berkeley.edu/~bruns/tour/fungi2.html

http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/File:Nitrogen_Cycle.png


Sulfur(S) cycleSulfur(S) cycle -found in some amino acids(proteins), coenzyme -Some prokaryotes reduce S.

Phosphorus(P) cycle Phosphorus(P) cycle -found in nucleic acids, phospholipids, & ATP. -Plant & microbes take up inorganic phosphate. -Decomposer :organic phosphate inorganic phosphate. -Too much phosphate result from detergents, wastewater _____________Eutrophication


-Produced by plants, algae (photosynthetic), cyanobacteria. _______________ -Anaerobes : live without O2

: Bacteria, fungi(yeast)

-Aerobes : utilize O2 to live. : Bacteria, Algae, fungi, protozoa, animals

Where does oxygen come from? What do we mean when we say some microbes utilize oxygen while others do not?

http://protist.i.hosei.ac.jp/pdb/Images/Prokaryotes/index.html

OxygenOxygen

http://ipm.ncsu.edu/cotton/InsectCorner/photos/images/Small_cotton_plants.jpg

http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imagsmall/volvox2.jpg

http://www.puregrowthorganics.com/


primary producers

*We, humans, are aerobes.

http://www.zoology.ubc.ca/~bio418/disc11-sex.html

EnergyEnergy - Energy sources: _________________. - form of ATP. - Sunlight : Photosynthesis : convert to chemical bond energy: _______ compound) : plant, algae, cyanobateria chlorophyll.

- Inorganic compound : convert to _______ compound. : prokaryotes - organic compound : convert to _________ compound. : protozoa, animals, fungi

sunlight or chemicals(C,S,N,P)


Energy is not cycled in the same sense, but is converted to one form to another. What forms of energy can be utilized by microbes?

http://www.keweenawalgae.mtu.edu/ALGAL_PAGES/cyanobacteria.htm

organic

organic

inorganic

http://www.mycology.adelaide.edu.au/gallery/photos/aspergillus10.html

1) Mutalism (both beneficial) ___________ = fungi +plant roots fungi~ nitrogen fixation plant~ provide sugars

•Lichen = ____________ algae or cyanobacteria – provide sugars fungi – provide by retaining water

•Cellulose-digesting symbiosis Herbivores + _________________ Help to digest cellulose

• Bacteria in the large intestine Help to digest Vitamin K and B.

What is symbiosis? Give an example.


SymbiosisSymbiosis - living together; love each other ; can be single love.; one side hates the other.

http://plantbio.berkeley.edu/~bruns/tour/fungi2.html

mycorrhizae

Algae or cyanobacteria+fungi

*Cellulose –undigestible carbohydrate.

bacteria or protozoans

www.naturfoto.cz

love each other.


1) Commensalism (one beneficial; no harmful) Bacteria living on the skin to get food and others. the host (human) – to get nothing; no harmful

Single love

2) Parasitism (one beneficial; the other harmful) -Parasites Bacteria, protozoa, algae, fungi, and helminths that cause disease.

one side hates the other.

http://www.polconsultant.com/conteduc/immunology/invaders.htm

http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/nelsons/kava/algae2.jpg

Basic Microbial Ecology Microbial Ecology Supplemental instruction Designed by Pyeongsug Kim ©2010...

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