Basic Medical Know How for Non- Medicos

8/4/2019 Basic Medical Know How for Non- Medicos

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In the OPDy Consultations: Simply meeting a doctor for advise,

guidance, showing of reports, post surgery follow

up.y Diagnostics: Covers the entire gamut of tests X-

Ray, Ultrasound, Scans, Laboratory tests.

y OPD procedures: Day care procedures , dressings

etcy Physiotherapy


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Multi Specialties available in the Fortis OPD

y Multi-s ecialty Me ical e tre it aycarefacilities f r :y Nephrology

y Neurology

y Gastroenterology

y Pulmonology

y Gynaecology

y Paediatrics

y Orthopaedics

y Cardiac Surgery

y Dermatology

General Surgery

Psychiatry

Urology

Ophthalmology Dental.

ENT

Internal medicine

Cardiology

Endocrinology Neuro Surgery

Plastic Surgery

Oncology

Cosmetic Surgery


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Nephrologyy Deals with issues relating to the kidneys.

y Common Diseases/Ailments:CRF, ARF, NephroticSundrome, Nephritic syndrome, UTI

y Common Terms associated with Nephrology:Dialysis,Hemodialysis,

Peritoneal Dialysis-CIPD, CAPD


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y CAPD:

ChronicAmbulatoryPeritoneal

Dialysisy CIPD:

ChronicIntermittent

PeritonealDialysis


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Neurology/Neuro Surgery

y Neurology deals with issues relating to the brainand nervous system. Neuro Surgery is the treatmentof these disorders by surgery.

y Common Ailments/ Diseases: Stroke, Head Injury,Memory disorders,Myasthenia gravis, spinal chordinjury, Multiple scleriosis.

y Common Terms:Seizures, epilepsy,convulsions


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y STROKE: rapidly developing loss of brain function(s)due to disturbance in the blood supply to the brain. Thiscan be due to ischemia (lack of blood supply) caused bythrombosis or embolism or due to a hemorrhage.

y MYASTHENIA GRAVIS: neuromuscular disease leadingto fluctuating muscle weakness and fatiguability.

y MULTIPLESCLEROSIS: autoimmune condition inwhich the immune system attacks the central nervous

system, leading to demyelination.


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Gastr t r logyy Gastroenterology deals with issues relating to

thestomach and digestive tract.

y

Common Ailments/ Diseases: Gastric and dudenalulcers, Digestive problems, Pancreatitis, Hernia

y Common Terms:Endoscopy, Colonoscopy,Sigmoidoscopy, Nasogastric feeding, Gastrostomy.


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y ENDOSCOPY:

looking inside the body for medicalreasons using an instrument called an endoscope

y COLONOSCOPY: endoscopic examination of the large colonand the distal part of the small bowel with a CCD camera or afiber optic camera on a flexible tube passed through the anus

y SIGMOIDOSCOPY: minimally invasive examination of thelarge intestine from the rectum through the last part of thecolon

y NASOGASTRIC FEEDING: feeding by insertion of plastic tube

through the nose, past the throat and down the stomachy GASTROSTOMY: Creation of an artificial external opening

into the stomach for nutritional support or gastrointestinalcompression


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Pulmonologyy Deals with issues relating to your lungs and

respiratory tract.

y

Common Ailments/ Diseases: Pneumonia,Sinustisis, Pharyngitis, Pneumonia, Asthma,Pleurisy, Pulmonary HT

y Common Terms: PFT, Dyspnea, Hyperventilation,

ABG

, Pleural biopsy, Thoracentesis, Wheezing


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y PFT: Pulmonary Function Test

y DYSPNEA: shortness of breathy HYPERVENTILATION: state of breathing faster and/or deeper

than necessary, bringing about lightheadedness and otherundesirable symptoms often associated with panic attacks

y ABG: Arterial Blood Gas (a blood test done using blood fromartery, to determine gas exchange levels in the blood related tolung function)

y PLEURAL BIOPSY: samples of the pleural tissue (the liningaround the chest wall) are removed and examined under amicroscope as well as sent for cultures

y THORACENTESIS: invasive procedure to remove fluid or airfrom the pleural spacefor diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.

y WHEEZING: continuous, coarse, whistling sound produced in

the respiratory airways during breathing


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Gynaecologyy Deals with issues relating to female problemsy Common Ailments/ Diseases: Dysmenhorea,

DUB,Cervical cancer, Uterus Cancer, uterineneoplasms, vaginitis.

y Common Terms:puberty, menopause, Abortion,Ectopic pregnancy, Vaginal bleeding, Breech birth


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y ECTOPIC PREGNANCY: complication of pregnancy inwhich the fertilized ovum is developed in any tissueother than the uterine wall

y BREECH BIRTH: birth of a baby from a breechpresentation. In the breech presentation the babyenters the birth canal with the buttocks or feet first asopposed to the normal head first presentation


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Paediatricsy Deals with issues relating to childrens problems.y Common Ailments/ Diseases: Cleft lip, Cleft

palate, VSD, PDA, TOF, Spina bifiday Common Terms:Vomiting, low birth

weight,premature baby, immunization status


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y VSD: ventricular septal defect is a defect in the ventricularseptum, the wall dividing the left and right ventricles of the

heart.

y PDA: Patent ductus arteriosus is a heart problem thatoccurs soon after birth in some babies, there is an abnormal

circulation of blood between two of the major arteries nearthe heart

y TOF: congenital heart defect which involvse fouranatomical abnormalities. It is the most common cyanotic

heart defect, the most common cause of blue babysyndrome

y SPINA BIFIDA: is a developmental birth defect involvingthe neural tube


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Oncology

y Deals with the detection and treatment of cancer.

y Common Terms: Onco-surgery, Chemotherapy,Biopsy, benign and malignant tumors,radiotherapy, Alopacia


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y CHEMOTHERAPY: treatment of disease by chemicals thatkill cells, both good and bad, but specifically those of micro-organisms or cancer.

y BIOPSY: medical test involving the removal of cells ortissues for examination

y BENIGN: slow-growing, self-contained tumor that is notseriously harmful

y MALIGNANTTUMORS: usually fast-growing, often fataltumor that invades surrounding tissue and sheds cells that

spread throughout the body, creating new tumorsy RADIOTHERAPY: radiation therapy in order to control the

malignant cells, a part of oncology treatment

y ALOPACIA: hair loss from head or body, sometimes to the

extent of baldness


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Orthopaedicsy Deals with issues relating to bones and joints

y Common Ailments/ Diseases: Fractures, Arthiritis,

Rheumatoid arthiritis, osteoporosisy Common Terms:Total Knee Replacement, Bone

Density Test,Arthroplasty, splints, braces,amputation, Bone graft


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Dermatologyy Deals with issues relating the skin

y Common Ailments/ Diseases: Skin Eczema, Acne,

Rashes, cellulitis, Herpes Zoster, scleriosisy Common Terms:Ulcer, crust, scales, nodule, abrasion,

blisters


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Plastic Surgeryy Corrective surgery for the body and face to cure

disfigurements, burns, accident resultantdisfigurements.

y Common problems: Burn wounds, birth defects,reconstruction of broken facial bones etc

y Common terms:Skin grafting


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Cosmetic Surgeryy Surgery undertaken to correct bodily flaws in order

to enhance ones personality.

y Common problems: Fat Reduction, Enlarging orreducing body parts, nose structuring,

y Common terms:Liposuction, Tummy tucks


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Opthalmologyy Issues relating to your eyes and vision.

y Common problems: Diminishing eyesight, eye

diseases like conjunctivitis, cataract , blephuritis,diplopia, astigmatism

y Common terms: pupil, lens, aqueous humour,cornea, lacrimal sac


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Urologyy Issues relating to the urinary system .

y Common problems:Prostate related problems,kidneystones, renal failure, urithral strictures.

y Common terms:TURP, UTI, Hydronephrosis, Acidosis


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Endocrinologyy Issues relating to the functioning of the glands and

hormones.y Common problems: Diabetes, Thyroid

malfunctions , Portal hypertension, liver abscessy Common terms: Obstructive jaundice, hepatic

coma, CBD, Bile salts, hyperglycemia,hypoglycemia


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Psychiatryy Issues relating the mind and behavioural disorders

y

y Common problems: Neurotic and Psychoticdisorders, substance abuse,Mood disorders,anxiety disorders, sleep disorders, personalitydisorders

y

Common terms: Counselling, Therapeuticrelationship, insomnia, Depression, Delusions,Mania, Obsessions


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ENT- Ear/Nose /Throaty Issues relating to the ear, nose and throat

y Common problems: Sinustisis,y Tonsils, Adenoids

y Common Terms: Adenoids, Vocal Chords,

Epiglottis


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Dentaly Issues relating to the teeth and gums.

y .

y Common Problems: Filling of teeth, extractions,Gingivitis, Periodontitis

y Common Terms: Filing, Root Canal,Dental Floss


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InternalMediciney For any indefinable ailment or problem that does not

fit into any specific category

y Problems like persistent fever, body aches, headachesetc


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Cardiology

Dealing with issues relating to the heart, vessels andarteries.

Invasive and Non- Invasive cardiology

Invasive cardiology involves inserting a catheter intothe patient up to his heart in a procedure called theangiography, whereby the condition of the heart andits vessels are studied by constructing an angiogram.

Incase of a blockade it may be remedied by an

angioplasty or cardiac surgery. Angioplasty: The process of putting in a stent to

remove blockages in the arteries


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y Non Invasive Cardiology covers those diagnostictests that make an assessment of the condition ofthe heart and vessels from outside the body. For

eg: TMT, Colour Doppler, Holter , ECG and Echo.y The tests take place in the Cardiac Lab or NIC

Department and are part of the OPD


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Some other facilities in the OPD

y PREVENTIVE HEALTH CHECK:A health checkpackage covers a variety of tests conducted purely for

preventive purposes.

y Packages have been made keeping in mind males/females, age factors, covering different body parts etc


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PFT Laby The lung function test is carried out here to determine

the capacity of ones lungs and to see if they are

functioning smoothly.


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Sleep LabyA polysomnography test is carried out to detect and

cure various sleep related diseases like sleep apnea,

excessive snoring, insomnia etc


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y EEG: Electroencephalography- A test carried outto study brain activity and to determine if it isfunctioning normally

y EMG- Electromyogram- A test carried out to seethe strength and activity of ones muscles

y Nerve Conduction Study:To study the activity ofthe nerves.


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ABBREVIAIONS

y FHM: Fortis Hospital Mohali

y FOS: Fortis Operating System

y IPD: Inpatient Department

y OPD: Outpatient Department

y D.R.: Double Room

y S.R.: Single Room

y PCS:Patient Care Services

y FOA: Front Office Assistant

y ECHS: Ex-Servicemen Contributory Health Scheme

y TPA: Third Party Administrators

y IOU:


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y CAPD: Chronic Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

y CIPD: Chronic Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis

y CTVS: Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery

y MSH:

y OBS: Observation

y ER: Emergency Room

y UHID: Universal Healthcare Identification Number

y IPID: Inpatient IDy CAG: Coronary Angiography

yABG: Arterial Blood Gas


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y PACS: Picture Archiving and Communication Systems

yAGSS: AnaestheticGas Scavenging System

y EDOD: Expected Date of Discharge

y PHC: Pre/post Health Checks

y ICU: Intensive Care Unity CCU: Cardiac Care Unit

y MICU: Medicine Intensive Care Unit

y PICU: Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

y SPICU: Special Intensive Care Unit

y SICU: Surgical Intensive Care Unit

y GICU: General Intensive Care Unit


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y CSE: Combined Spinal Epidural Anesthesiay PCNL: Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

y URSL: Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy

yACL:Anterior Cruciate Ligament

y PCL: Posterior Cruciate Ligament

y TKR: Total Knee Replacement

y THR: Total Hip Replacement

yICD: Implanted Cardioverter Defibrillator

yAICD:Automatic ICD

y BMV: Balloon Mitral Valvuloplasty

y BPV: Balloon Pulmonary Valvuloplasty


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y PDA: Patent Ductus Arteriosus

yASD:Atrial Septal Defect

yVSD:Ventricular Septal Defect

y IVC FILTER: Inferior Vena Cava Filter

y RF ABLATION: Radio Frequency Ablation

y EP STUDY: Elecrophysiology Study

yAVR:Aortic Valve Replacementy MVR: Mitral Valve Replacement


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y OMV:ObtuseMar i al ei s

y TOF: Tetral y f all t

y I R: I tra ar iac e air

y TAPVC: Total omalous ulmonary enousonnection

y IABP: Intra-aortic alloon ump

y PODCoordinators: t e persons omaintains t e

ueuesy Saarthak - Cancer support initiative at M

y Sahayak - Dialysis upport initiative at M

Basic Medical Know How for Non- Medicos

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