Map Reading and Navigation 1. Topographic Maps A topographic
Basic Map Info - 2 Orienteering in the terrain. An orienteering map is different from a topographic...
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Transcript of Basic Map Info - 2 Orienteering in the terrain. An orienteering map is different from a topographic...
Basic Map Info - 2Basic Map Info - 2
Orienteering in the terrainOrienteering in the terrain
An orienteering map is different from a An orienteering map is different from a topographic map:topographic map:Mountaineers use a topographic map. The scale is usually 1 / 25 000 or 1 / 50 000
A topographic map shows: * only very distinct roads and vehicle tracks* only distinct rivers* forests - green* open areas - white
An orienteering map is An orienteering map is more detailed:more detailed:
The scale is usually 1/10 000.
* vegetation is more detailed: each colour has a meaning showing difference in vegetation
* very small streams, even dried up water courses are shown
* even small paths, tracks are shown
What can you see on a course map for orienteering?What can you see on a course map for orienteering?
1 - The scale2 - The elevation (difference in height) between two contours --> “contour interval”3 - The category this course belongs to4 - The length of the course (as the crow flies)
5 - Control point definitions
6 - The course itself, shown by: * the start (triangle) * the finish (two concentric circles)* the control points (single circle)
THE SCALETHE SCALE
The scale of the map is useful in estimating the distance from where you are now, and where you want to go.
1 / 10 000:
1 cm on the map = 100 meters on the terrain
1 / 5 000:
1 cm on the map = 50 meters on the terrain
You need to know how to count your paces!
Pace countingPace countingHomework:
Measure your pace for 100 meters
* count 2 paces for 1
* count:- uphill- downhill- straight bit
* count: - walking- jogging- running
Contour intervalContour intervalThe contour interval shows the vertical difference in height (the elevation) between two contours.
Contour interval = 5 m
5 m = One and a half stories in a block of flats
The distance between two contourson the map will show the effortfor climbing;
Less effort
Steep climb
Contour intervalContour intervalHomework:
if the contour interval is 5 m
Assuming the first contour lies at the lowest point (car park surface),
how many contours for
A?
B?
C?
Which one has the most climb?
Note: “most climb” may not mean “longest distance”!
A
B
C
Yellow White Green show density of vegetation
Black shows “man-made features” or “stone features”rocks, stony ground, buildings, roads, paths, fences, special man-made objects...
Blue shows water lakes, rivers, streams, dried up water course, well, fountain, swamp...
Brown shows earthcontours, knolls, pits, earth banks, special earth features...
COLORSCOLORS
Black
Paved area
Asphalt Road
Fence
Man-made object
Power line
Rockface (teeth point downwards)
Building
Rock
Unpaved path
Man-made line features
roads
fences
stone wall
powerlines
Difference in width...
Unpaved paths and tracks...
Less distinct path, wide enough for only one person
More distinct path, wide enough for 2 people to walk together
Vehicle trackwide enough for a vehicle to pass
asphalt road
unpaved vehicle track
distinct footpath
less distinct footpath
fence (passable)
fence (impassable - forbidden to pass)
ruined fence
stone wall
small power line or telephone line
high voltage power line
Match the terrain with the map
İNSAN YAPIMI DOĞRUSAL ÖZELLİKLER
More black:
Stone features
Blue
Water courses of different size
Density
of
Vegetation
Cultivated open land
Rough open land
Semi-open land with scattered trees
Forest: easy running
Forest: easy running
Vegetation: difficult to run
Vegetation: very difficult to run
Undergrowth or small shrubs may slow down your pace
Dense forest runnable in one direction
Control descriptions used for orienteering in the Control descriptions used for orienteering in the terrain...terrain...
Control descriptions used for orienteering in the Control descriptions used for orienteering in the terrain...terrain...
Open land
Semi-open land
Forest boundary
Clearing
Bush, clump of dense vegetation
Distinct tree
Tree stump, fallen tree
Depression
Small depression
Hole
re-entrant
ridge
spur
re-entrant
hill
knoll (very small hill)
ditch
rockface
boulderboulder field
boulder cluster
stony ground
very large bare rock
boulderboulder field
boulder cluster
stony ground
very large bare rock
earth bank
Ahlatlıbel - Our first orienteering course in the terrain
for control descriptions
www.fortnet.org/icd
http://orienteering.org/resources/mapping/
IOF Control Descriptions